Ethnic differences in regional adipose tissue oestrogen receptor gene expression

Studies have shown ethnic differences in body fat distribution, characterised by greater peripheral and less central fat accumulation in black compared to white South African (SA) women. As sex hormones play an important role in body fat distribution, our study aimed to determine whether differences in body fat distribution between black and white SA women were associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expression of oestrogen receptors (ERA and ERB) and aromatase (CYP19A1). Body fat distribution (DXA and CT) and ERA, ERB and CYP19A1 expression in abdominal and gluteal SAT were measured in 26 black and 22 white SA women. Abdominal SAT ERA and ERB did not differ by ethnicity or BMI. Gluteal ERA was higher (1.08 ± 0.06 vs 0.99 ± 0.05, P < 0.001) and ERB was lower (0.99 ± 0.06 vs 1.10 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) in black vs white SA women. CYP19A1 increased with obesity in all depots (P < 0.001). In both black and white SA women, gluteal ERA was associated with lower central fat mass (FM) and greater gynoid FM (P < 0.05), while the inverse association was shown for CYP19A1 in all depots (P < 0.01). In conclusion, ethnic differences in gluteal ERA expression were associated with differences in body fat distribution previously reported between black and white SA women.

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Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Pattern in Lean and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/153537020322800610 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 228 (6) ◽

pp. 710-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

E. Tafeit ◽

R. Möller ◽

S. Rackl ◽

A. Giuliani ◽

W. Urdl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Type Ii ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The new optical device, Lipometer, permits the noninvasive, quick, safe, and precise measurement of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) layers at any given site of the human body. Fifteen anatomically well-defined body sites from neck to calf describe the SAT topography (SAT-Top) like an individual “fingerprint.” SAT-Top was examined in 33 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in 87 age-matched healthy controls and in 20 Type-II diabetic women. SAT-Top differences of these three groups were described, and, based on a hierarchical cluster analysis, two distinctly different groups of PCOS women, a lean (PCOSL) and an obese (PCOSO) cluster, were found. For visual comparison of the different types of body fat distribution, the 15-dimensional body fat information was condensed to a two-dimensional factor plot by factor analysis. For comparison of the PCOS like body fat distribution with the “healthy” fat pattern, the (previously published) SAT-Top results of 590 healthy women and men (20-70 years old) and 162 healthy girls and boys (7-11 years old) were added to the factor plot. PCOSO women showed a SAT-Top pattern very similar to that of women with Type-II diabetes, even though the diabetic women were on average 30 years older. Compared with their healthy controls, SAT-Top of these PCOSO patients was strongly skewed into the android direction, providing significantly decreased leg SAT development and significantly higher upper body obesity. Compared with healthy women, PCOSL patients had significantly lower total SAT development (even though height, weight, and body mass index did not deviate significantly), showing a slightly lowered amount of body fat in the upper region and a highly significant leg SAT reduction. This type of fat pattern is the same as found in girls and boys before developing their sex specific body fat distribution. We conclude that women with PCOS develop an android SAT-Top, but compared in more detail, we found two typical types of body fat distribution: the “childlike” SAT pattern in lean PCOS patients, and the “diabetic” body fat distribution in obese PCOS women.

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Differences of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Topography Between Type-2 Diabetic Men and Healthy Controls

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/153537020222700911 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 227 (9) ◽

pp. 794-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Renate Horejsi ◽

Reinhard Möller ◽

Thomas R. Pieber ◽

Sandra Wallner ◽

Karl Sudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Men with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) provide a different subcutaneous body fat distribution and a concentration of fatness on the upper trunk compared with healthy subjects. However, subcutaneous fat distribution is always measured in an inaccurate and/or very simplified way (e.g., by caliper), and to date, there exists no study reporting on the exact and complete subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution of type 2 DM men. A new optical device, the LIPOMETER, enables the nonivasive, quick, and safe determination of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue layers at any given site of the human body. The specification of 15 evenly distributed body sites allows the precise measurement of subcutaneous body fat distribution, so-called subcutaneous adipose tissue topography (SAT-Top). SAT-Tops of 21 men with clinically proven type 2 DM (mean age of 57.5 ± 6.7 years) and 111 healthy controls of similar age (mean age 59.0 ± 5.4 years) were measured. In this paper, we describe the precise SAT-Top differences of these two groups and we present the multidimensional SAT-Top information condensed in a two-dimensional factor value plot. In type 2 DM men, especially in the upper trunk, SAT-Top is significantly increased (up to +50.7% at the neck) compared with their healthy controls. One hundred eleven of the 132 individuals (84.1%) are correctly classified (healthy or type 2 DM) by their subcutaneous fat pattern by stepwise discriminant analysis.

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Abstract 50: Adiposity is Associated with Genome-wide DNA Methylation in Adipose Tissue

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.50 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Golareh Agha ◽

Andres E Houseman ◽

Karl T Kelsey ◽

Charles B Eaton ◽

Stephen L Buka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Body ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes ◽

Central Fat

Background: Adiposity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and CVD, suggesting an important role for adipose tissue in development of these conditions. There is interest in epigenetic mechanisms by which genetic and environmental factors may contribute to adiposity, however studies of DNA methylation in relation to adiposity rarely focus on adipose tissue. Objective: To determine whether genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in blood and adipose tissue are associated with central fat, body fat distribution, and obesity in adulthood. Methods: Participants (aged 44-50 years) were from the New England Family Study birth cohort, born in Providence, RI . Of 400 participants assessed during 2010-2011, a representative subsample of 106 participants (68 women, 38 men) was selected for DNA methylation analyses. DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes was evaluated using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans assessed android fat mass, android:gynoid region fat ratio, and trunk:limb region fat ratio. BMI (kg/m 2 ) was directly assessed. Results: Adipose tissue DNA methylation was associated with all four measures of adiposity, after adjusting for race, sex, smoking, and accounting for multiple testing (permutation-based omnibus p-values <0.001). Associations were similar in sex-specific analyses, and upon exclusion of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Investigation of top differentially-methylated genes revealed several that are biologically relevant to adiposity development, including SOD3 , AOC3 , AQP7, TIMP4, ANGPT4, and ADAMTS4 . Blood DNA methylation was not related to adiposity. Conclusion: Adipose tissue DNA methylation was associated with directly-assessed measures of central fat and body fat distribution, as well as obesity, all of which are important determinants of cardiometabolic risk. Targeting the primary affected organ may be important for elucidating the epigenetic basis of adiposity.

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AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 expression in adipose tissue: association with body fat distribution and regulatory variants

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.mce.2021.111220 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111220

Author(s):

Giada Ostinelli ◽

Jinchu Vijay ◽

Marie-Claude Vohl ◽

Elin Grundberg ◽

Andre Tchernof

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Regulatory Variants

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Serum levels of WISP1/CCN4 in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the relationships with body fat distribution and adipose tissue dysfunction

2018 11th International Multiconference Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology (BGRS\SB) ◽

10.1109/csgb.2018.8544817 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

V.V. Klimontov ◽

D.M. Bulumbaeva ◽

A.P. Lykov ◽

O.N. Fazullina ◽

N.P. Bgatova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

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Epicardial Adipose Tissue Extent: Relationship With Age, Body Fat Distribution, and Coronaropathy

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2008.379 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2424-2430 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Alina Silaghi ◽

Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti ◽

Michel Grino ◽

Georges Leonetti ◽

Marie C. Alessi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution

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Relationship between fat distribution ratio and blood pressure in obese adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi48.5.2008.274-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Henny Marina ◽

Dany Hilmanto ◽

Julistio Tb Djais

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Fat ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Central Fat

Background The incidence of obesity in big cities increasessignificantly. The association between obesity and increased riskof cardiovascular disease and hypertension in adults has beenknown but less information is available in adolescents. Similarly,the relationship between body-fat distribution and cardiovasculardiseases in adolescents is less clear tha that in adults.Objective This study aimed to determine the association betweenbody fat distribution and increased blood pressure in obeseadolescents in Bandung.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from June toAugust 2006. Subjects were students aged 15-18 years at highschools in Bandung with body mass index (BMI) measured usingCDC chart 2000 (> P95) and increased blood pressure (> P90)depended on age and gender according to National High BloodPressure Education Program Working Group on High BloodPressure in Children and Adolescents 2004. Waist-to-hip ratio(central fat), and subscapula skinfold-to-triceps skinfold ratio(peripheral fat) were used to measure fat distribution. Correlationbetween body fat distribution and blood pressure was analyzedusing Pearson correlation statistical test.Results Out of 3170 adolescents examined, 34 obese adolescentgirls and 43 obese adolescent boys had increased blood pressure.Correlation between waist-to-hip ratio and systole blood pressurein boys showed by r=0.495; P=0.003 and girls showed r=0.494;P=O.OOl. Correlation between subscapula skinfold-to-tricepsskinfold ratio in boys showed r=0.289; P=0.097 and girls showedby r=0.248; P=0.109.Conclusion Central fat is moderately correlated with increasedblood pressure in obese adolescents.

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Circulating betatrophin/ANGPTL8 levels correlate with body fat distribution in individuals with normal glucose tolerance but not those with glucose disorders

10.21203/rs.2.18944/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zheng ◽

Juan Liu ◽

Beverly S Hong ◽

Yanbing Li

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

The Body ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Normal Glucose

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: In 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64), we measured circulating betatrophin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group. Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a potential biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

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Abdominal adipose tissue: Significance and methods of detection

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0506258s ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 58 (5-6) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Biljana Srdic ◽

Edita Stokic ◽

Agneza Polzovic ◽

Sinisa Babovic

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Menopausal Women

Introduction. The presence of excess fat in the abdomen, out of proportion to total body fat, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and other complications of obesity. Histoanatomical characteristics of the abdominal adipose tissue In regard to subcutaneous fat, accumulation of visceral abdominal adipose tissue is more associated with increased metabolic risk. However, mean have more visceral fat than pre-menopausal women. Compared with pre-menopausal women, postmenopausal women have 49% more intraabdominal fat, regardless of age and total fat mass. Measurement of abdominal fat depots Various anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring body fat distribution. All of them have advantages and disadvantages, in relation to their interpretation and use. Many are specified as ratios and are difficult to interpret biologically, whereas a change in body fat distribution may exhibit little or no change in the ratios. Waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter are good predictors of visceral fat. But, extreme individual variations in visceral to subcutaneous ratio demonstrate the limitations of external anthropometry. The best methods to estimate the amount of visceral fat are imaging techniques like computed tomography or magnetic resonance, but they are expensive and inconvinient in routine practice. Conclusion. Further investigations should provide a simple and optimal indicator of abdominal obesity which should correlate with the amount of viscelar fat and the risk. .

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