scholarly journals High aromatase activity in hypogonadal men is associated with higher spine bone mineral density, increased truncal fat and reduced lean mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina E Aguirre ◽  
Georgia Colleluori ◽  
Kenneth E Fowler ◽  
Irum Zeb Jan ◽  
Kenneth Villareal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Low Testosterone

ObjectiveBecause the aromatase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol (E2), the activity of this enzyme could be important in the musculoskeletal health of men with low testosterone. The objective of the present study is to determine the influence of aromatase activity on the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition of patients with hypogonadism.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsThe baseline data of 90 patients between 40 and 74 years old who participated in a genetic study of response to testosterone therapy in men with low testosterone (i.e., <300 ng/dl) were analyzed. BMD and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum testosterone was measured by automated immunoassay, E2was measured by ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay, and sex hormone-binding globulin was measured by enzyme immunoassay.ResultsMen in the highest tertile of E2to testosterone ratio (E2:T) had the highest spine BMD (P≤0.037), highest truncal fat (P=0.046), and lowest truncal lean body mass (P=0.045). A similar pattern was observed in the upper extremities; that is, fat mass significantly increased (P=0.047), whereas lean mass significantly decreased (P=0.034) with increasing E2:T tertiles.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that in men with hypogonadism, aromatase activity could be an important determinant of musculoskeletal health. Men with high aromatase activity are able to maintain a higher BMD despite low circulating testosterone, but they have lower lean and higher truncal fat mass as compared to those with lower aromatase activity.

scholarly journals Body composition and bone mineral density of collegiate American football players

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Hüsrev Turnagöl
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Segmental Body Composition

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare whole and segmental body composition and bone mineral density of collegiate American football players by playing positions. Forty collegiate American football players voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were categorized by playing positions into one of five categories i.e., defensive linemen, offensive linemen, defensive secondary players, offensive secondary players and receivers. Whole body composition and bone mineral density were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Offensive and defensive linemen had higher body mass, a body mass index, lean mass and a fat mass index compared to the remaining three positions and a higher lean mass index compared to offensive secondary players and receivers. Offensive linemen had a higher body fat percentage and lower values of upper to lower lean mass than offensive and defensive secondary players and receivers, and higher total mass to the lean mass ratio and fat mass to the lean mass ratio compared to the other players. Offensive linemen had a higher fat mass index and fat mass to the lean mass ratio than defensive linemen. However, in all other measures they were similar. Offensive and defensive secondary players and receivers were similar with respect to the measured variables. Bone mineral density of the players was within the normal range and no difference in lean mass was observed between the legs. In conclusion, findings of this study showed that the total and segmental body composition profile of collegiate American football players reflected the demands of particular playing positions.

Bicalutamide Monotherapy Versus Leuprolide Monotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2546-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Smith ◽  
Melissa Goode ◽  
Anthony L. Zietman ◽  
Francis J. McGovern ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Mineral Density

Purpose Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists decrease bone mineral density, lean mass, and muscle size and increase fat mass in men with prostate cancer. Less is known about the effects of bicalutamide monotherapy on bone mineral density and body composition. Patients and Methods In a 12-month, open-label study, we randomly assigned 52 men with prostate cancer and no bone metastases to receive either leuprolide or bicalutamide (150 mg by mouth daily). Bone mineral density and body composition were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Results Mean (± standard error) bone mineral density of the posterior-anterior lumbar spine decreased by 2.5% ± 0.5% in the leuprolide group and increased by 2.5 ± 0.5 in the bicalutamide group from baseline to 12 months (P < .001). Mean changes in bone mineral density of the total body, total hip, femoral neck, and trabecular bone of the lumbar spine also differed significantly between groups (P ≤ .003 for each comparison). Fat mass increased by 11.1% ± 1.3% in the leuprolide group and by 6.4% ± 1.1% in the bicalutamide group (P = .01). Changes in lean mass, muscle size, and muscle strength were similar between the groups. Breast tenderness and enlargement were more common in the bicalutamide group than in the leuprolide group. Fatigue, loss of sexual interest, and vasomotor flushing were less common in the bicalutamide group than in the leuprolide group. Conclusion In men with prostate cancer, bicalutamide monotherapy increases bone mineral density, lessens fat accumulation, and has fewer bothersome side effects than treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density, TBS, and Body Composition Indexes in Ukrainian Men with Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Maryna Bystrytska ◽  
Nataliia Grygorieva ◽  
Iryna Karaban ◽  
Nina Karasevich
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. Current research studies demonstrate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, data about bone quality and body composition (BC) indexes are insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess the parameters of BMD, ВС, and trabecular bone score (TBS) in PD males. Materials and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional case-control research design and examined 76 males aged 50–77 years old, who were divided into two groups: first group including men without PD n=38 and the second group including subjects with PD n=38. Disease duration was at least 5 years; all PD participants were at levodopa therapy. BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total femur, radius, and total body and TBS Ll−L4 were measured using the DXA method. Whole-body DXA measures were also used for the study of total, lean, and fat masses, skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI). Results. Our study showed an increased incidence of osteoporosis and significantly lower total body BMD (respectively, 1.20 ± 0.13 and 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2, p=0.05), but not lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs, and higher TBS value in PD men comparing to the control group (respectively, 1.33 ± 0.12 and 1.22 ± 0.18 un., p=0.005). Also, we established significantly decreased lower extremities BMD indexes, but not upper extremities, spine, and trunk BMDs in PD males. The femoral neck, proximal femur, and lower extremities BMD indexes in PD men were reliably lower at the side of predominance of clinical symptoms. Parameters of appendicular lean mass and ALMI in PD males were reliably higher, but fat mass values and FMI were lower compared to the control group in the absence of significant differences in lean mass values and SMI in weight-matched control. Conclusion. Due to low BMD values, changes in BC are present in PD males, and appropriate screening and preventive strategies should be instigated to maintain bone health in PD subjects.

Total and Regional Body Composition of NCAA Division I Collegiate Basketball Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Christiana J. Raymond-Pope ◽  
Anna L. Solfest ◽  
Aaron Carbuhn ◽  
Philip R. Stanforth ◽  
Jonathan Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Collegiate Basketball ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractThis study aimed to examine body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in male and female NCAA Division I collegiate basketball athletes. Two-hundred ten (male [M]/female [F]=88/122) basketball athletes’ total and regional fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density, and visceral adipose tissue were measured. Athletes were classified as: point guards (M/F=27/34), shooting guards (M/F=18/27), small forwards (M/F=13/18), power forwards (M/F=21/27), and centers (M/F=9/16). ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD assessed positional differences by sex. In males, centers and power forwards had greater total fat mass (p<0.025), lean mass (p≤0.001), and visceral adipose tissue (p<0.001) than other positions. Male centers had greater arm and leg fat mass and lean mass than point guards, shooting guards, and small forwards (p≤0.049), and greater arm bone mineral density than point guards (p=0.015). In females, centers had greater total fat mass (p<0.001) vs. other positions and greater total lean mass, arm fat and lean masses, arm and leg bone mineral density, and visceral adipose tissue vs. point guards and shooting guards (p≤0.005). Female point guards had lower total bone mineral density than power forwards (p=0.008). In conclusion, these sex- and position-specific total and regional body composition measurements in collegiate basketball players provide population-specific normative data.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic differences in bone mineral density, muscle function and fat mass in young women

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Japneet Kaur ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
Eduardo Freitas ◽  
Debra Bemben ◽  
Michael Bemben
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: Racial/ethnic differences in bone mineral density(BMD) result in increased susceptibility of some ethnic groupsto fragility fractures in comparison to others. Conventionally,both lean mass and fat mass provide mechanical loadingto the skeleton and increase BMD, however, increase in fatmass beyond a certain level without a concurrent increasein muscle mass/strength, is detrimental to the skeleton. Theaim of this study was to determine racial/ethnic differencesin BMD, muscle function and fat mass in 18-30-year-oldwomen of Caucasian, East-Asian, South-Asian, Hispanic andAfrican-American backgrounds. Materials and methods: Forty-six women participated in the study. The visits includedsigning a written informed consent and questionnaires toassess health status, menstrual history, physical activity andcalcium intake. Body composition (fat mass, bone free leanbody mass (BFLBM), and bone mineral content (BMC)) andtotal and regional BMD were measured using Dual EnergyX-Ray Absorptiometry, while handgrip test, jump test, 1Repetition-Maximum leg press test, and bilateral isokinetic testingof knee flexors and extensors were used to quantify lower limbmuscle strength and power. Results: African-American womenhad a higher BMD at the left and right trochanter (p=0.03) andhigher BMC at several sites in comparison to South-Asians(p=0.02) and Hispanics (p=0.03). South-Asian women had ahigher fat mass (p=0.04) and percent body fat (p=0.003), andlower BFLBM (p=0.04) and strength (p=0.003) than East-Asiansand Caucasians. Conclusion: This type of research is essentialto identify at-risk minorities and fundamental for creatingawareness, developing ethnicity-specific diagnostic criteria,and preventative and therapeutic strategies.Keywords: DXA; Osteoporosis; Body composition;Premenopausal; Lean mass; Muscle strength.

scholarly journals Influence of clenbuterol on bone metabolism in exercised or sedentary rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2034-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cavalié ◽  
G. Lac ◽  
P. Lebecque ◽  
B. Chanteranne ◽  
M.-J. Davicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Training Exercise

This paper reports that the selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol affects bone metabolism in growing 3-mo-old male Wistar rats treated over 8 wk. Thirty-two 3-mo-old growing Wistar rats weighing 234 ± 2 g were assigned to a progressive isometric force, strength-training exercise program plus oral clenbuterol (2 mg · kg body wt−1 · day−1) for 5 days each week, exercise program without clenbuterol 5 days each week, no exercise program plus oral clenbuterol (2 mg · kg−1 · day−1) for 5 days each week, or no exercise without clenbuterol 5 days each week. At the end of 8 wk, lean mass, fat mass, and right total femoral, distal metaphyseal femoral, and diaphyseal femoral bone mineral density were measured by Hologic QDR 4500 dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. Left femoral bones were harvested after death on day 58, and femoral resistance was determined by three-point bending testing. We found that fat mass was decreased in rats given strength training exercise and decreased further in rats treated with clenbuterol. Lean mass was increased in clenbuterol-treated animals. Strength-training exercise appeared to have no effect on bone mineral density, serum osteocalcin, or urinary deoxypyridinoline. However, clenbuterol treatment decreased femoral length, diameter, bone mineral density, and mechanical resistance. Clenbuterol had no effect on osteocalcin but increased urinary deoxypyridinoline. We concluded that clenbuterol treatment decreased bone mineral density and increased bone resorption independent of the level of exercise rats were given.

scholarly journals Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui ◽  
Yao Jie Xie ◽  
Jean Woo ◽  
Timothy Chi-Yui Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Chinese Adults

Tai Chi and walking are both moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) that can be easily practiced in daily life. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of these two PAs on weight loss, metabolic syndrome parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese adults. We randomized 374 middle-aged subjects (45.8 ± 5.3 years) into 12-week training (45 minutes per day, 5 days per week) of Tai Chi(n=124)or self-paced walking(n=121)or control group(n=129). On average, Tai Chi and walking groups lost 0.50 and 0.76 kg of body weight and 0.47 and 0.59 kg of fat mass after intervention, respectively. The between-group difference of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was −3.7 cm and −0.18 mmol/L for Tai Chi versus control and −4.1 cm and −0.22 mmol/L for walking versus control. No significant differences were observed regarding lean mass, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMD compared to control. Change in lean mass, not fat mass or total weight loss, was significantly correlated to the change in BMD. Our results suggest that both of these two PAs can produce moderate weight loss and significantly improve the WC and FBG in Hong Kong Chinese adults, with no additional effects on BMD.

Lean Mass and Fat Mass as Mediators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Shaofei Su ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Relationship
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document