Central arterial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction are not increased in young women with PCOS but are associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Coulson ◽  
Emma Rees ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Julian Halcox ◽  
Alan Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Young Women

scholarly journals Metformin Reduces Arterial Stiffness and Improves Endothelial Function in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neera Agarwal ◽  
Sam P. L. Rice ◽  
Hemanth Bolusani ◽  
Stephen D. Luzio ◽  
Gareth Dunseath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Context: Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and display subclinical evidence of early cardiovascular disease. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and circulating markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with PCOS, but it is unclear whether this translates into improvements in vascular function. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of metformin on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in women with PCOS. Design and Intervention: Thirty women with PCOS were assigned to consecutive 12-wk treatment periods of metformin or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design separated by an 8-wk washout. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures were assessments of arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx), central blood pressure, and brachial and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)] and endothelial function. Anthropometry, testosterone, and metabolic biochemistry (lipids, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were also assessed. Results: Metformin improved AIx [−6.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference −8.5 to −3.5%; P < 0.001], aortic PWV (−0.76 m/sec; 95% CI for the difference −1.12 to −0.4 m/sec; P < 0.001), brachial PWV (−0.73 m/sec; 95% CI for the difference −1.09 to −0.38; P < 0.001), central blood pressure (P < 0.001), and endothelium-dependent (AIx after albuterol; P = 0.003) and endothelium-independent (AIx after nitroglycerin; P < 0.001) vascular responses. Metformin also reduced weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P = 0.004) and increased adiponectin (P = 0.001) but did not affect testosterone or other metabolic measures. Conclusions: Short-term metformin therapy improves arterial stiffness and endothelial function in young women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness as a factor of structural and functional cardiac remodeling in obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 3756
Author(s):  
M. A. Druzhilov ◽  
T. Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Lv Diastolic Dysfunction

Aim. To analyze the association of parameters characterizing the degree of arterial stiffness and echocardiographic criteria for cardiac remodeling in patients with abdominal obesity.Material and methods. The study included 194 patients (men aged 46 to 55 years (49,0±2,3 years)), without hypertension (24-hour average blood pressure (BP) 117,5±5,5/73,0±4,1 mmHg), diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with abdominal obesity (waist circumference >94 cm, body mass index 31,3±3,5 kg/m2). Lipids and glucose concentrations were evaluated, and glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation. We conducted 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and arterial stiffness parameters (aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) and systolic BP in the aorta), and echocardiography.Results. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was detected in 14 (7,2%) patients, LV diastolic dysfunction — in 36 (18,6%) patients. The correlation of the average aortic PWV and the AIx with the LV mass index and the left atrial volume was shown. Patients with a high aortic PWV exceeding the 75th percentile of distribution (8,2 m/s) were characterized by a higher incidence of hypertrophy (18,8% vs 4,9%,p<0,01) and LV diastolic dysfunction (50,0% vs 12,3%, p<0,001). Patients with/with-out LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction were characterized by higher values of average 24-hour aortic PWV, AIx and systolic BP in the aorta. According to the regression analysis, the predictors of LV diastolic dysfunction were age, waist circumference, aortic PWV, and AIx.Conclusion. The relationship of parameters characterizing the degree of arterial stiffness, primarily, aortic PWV and echocardiographic parameters of the structural and functional cardiac remodeling in obese patients was revealed. Patients with a high aortic PWV (>8,2 m/s for men aged 46-55 years) are characterized by a higher prevalence of LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, as well as left atrial dilatation. This association is probably a reflection of one of the many pathogenesis links of HF and supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias in obese patients.

scholarly journals Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chao ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Chun-Chung Chou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Supporting Obesity as the Central Feature

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çavlan Türkoglu ◽  
Belgin Süsleyici Duman ◽  
Demet Günay ◽  
Penbe Çagatay ◽  
Remzi Özcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adolescents and young adults

Diabetologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Urbina ◽  
Z. Gao ◽  
P. R. Khoury ◽  
L. J. Martin ◽  
L. M. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE DURING PREGNANCY AND DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. S85-S86
Author(s):  
J. Patenaude ◽  
S. Blais ◽  
M. Hivert ◽  
P. Perron ◽  
F. Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction

scholarly journals Sex differences in associations between insulin resistance, heart rate variability, and arterial stiffness in healthy women and men: a physiology study

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Anthony Rannelli ◽  
Jennifer M. MacRae ◽  
Michelle C. Mann ◽  
Sharanya Ramesh ◽  
Brenda R. Hemmelgarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Women

Diabetes confers greater cardiovascular risk to women than to men. Whether insulin-resistance-mediated risk extends to the healthy population is unknown. Measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment, hemoglobin A1c, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, glucose) were determined in 48 (56% female) healthy subjects. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated by spectral power analysis and arterial stiffness was determined using noninvasive applanation tonometry. Both were measured at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion. In women, there was a non-statistically significant trend towards increasing insulin resistance being associated with an overall unfavourable HRV response and increased arterial stiffness to the stressor, while men demonstrated the opposite response. Significant differences in the associations between insulin resistance and cardiovascular physiological profile exist between healthy women and men. Further studies investigating the sex differences in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in cardiovascular disease are warranted.

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