Molecular identification and functional analysis of Ctrp9 in Epinephelus coioides

CTRP9 is a member of the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) superfamily and has been studied in mammals, whereas the comparative studies of CTRP9 in non-mammalian species are still absent. In this study, ctrp9 was isolated and characterized from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The full-length cDNA of ctrp9 was 1378 bp in size with an ORF (open reading frame) of 1020 bp that encodes a 339 amino acid pre–pro hormone. The mRNA expression of ctrp9 showed a rather high level in the kidney and brain, but a low level in other tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of ctrp9 decreased significantly in the liver after fasting for 7 days and restored to the normal levels after refeeding. In contrast, the ctrp9 mRNA level increased in the hypothalamus after fasting. The recombinant gCtrp9 (globular Ctrp9) was prepared using the Pichia pastoris expression system and was verified by Western blot as well as mass spectrometry assays. In the primary hepatocytes culture, the recombinant gCtrp9 could inhibit the glucose production after 12-h treatment. After i.p. (intraperitoneal) injection with recombinant gCtrp9, in hypothalamus, mRNA expression levels of npy and orexin (orexigenic factors) decreased, whereas the expression levels of crh and pomc (anorexigenic factors) increased. Moreover, i.p. injection with the recombinant gCtrp9 could reduce the serum concentrations of glucose, TG and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our studies for the first time unveil the structure of Ctrp9 and its potential role as a regulatory factor of metabolism and food intake in teleost.

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The effect of genistein on lipid levels and LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 expression in postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-019-0507-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Xiao-Xing Chi

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Apolipoprotein A1 ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Background This study investigates the effect of genistein (Gen) on the lipid profiles and expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in the plasma macrophages of postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia in China. Methods This study considered 187 cases, where 160 postmenopausal women had hyperlipidemia. The subjects were divided into placebo group (PG) and experimental group (EG). EG received 60 mg/day of Gen, PG received placebo for 6 months. Body weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and glucose levels were determined according to standard operating procedures. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) levels were detected in the plasma macrophages using ELISA. The protein and mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 were detected by western blot and real-time PCR techniques, respectively. Results Compared to the baseline, Gen effectively lowered TG, TC and LDL-C levels, whereas HDL-C levels as well as the protein and mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 (p < 0.05) were increased. There was a significant difference in the expression of LDLR protein between the two groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 were significantly increased in the EG compared to the PG. Conclusion Gen effectively modulated the plasma lipid indices. The cholesterol-lowering effects of Gen may be attributed to its regulation on some of the key genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis.

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Anti-Obesity Effect of Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Obese Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-445626/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shang Kong ◽

Xingjun Huang ◽

Hua Cao ◽

Yan Bai ◽

Qishi Che ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Body ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Protective Role ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Fat Cells ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Obese Rats

Abstract Background: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) is a commonly used as a prebiotic with a variety of metabolic benefits. Whether GOS plays a protective role in obesity is still unknown. Here we demonstrated that GOS possesses an anti-obesity activity by promoting adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Results: Our results showed that GOS effectively slow weight gain of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats without affecting energy intake. GOS significantly suppressed the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as markedly lessened the ratio of fat pad to fat body. Consistently, GOS significantly improved serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which indicated an appropriate weight loss activity of GOS. Interestingly, GOS also significantly increased the expression levels of browning proteins (UCP1, PPARγ, PGC1α and PRMD16) both in the WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We further found that GOS markedly increased the expression levels of LXRα, PPARα, LDLR and CYP7A1 proteins in the liver of obese rats. Conclusions: Taken together, we concluded that GOS inhibits obesity by accelerating the browning of white fat cells and the thermogenesis of brown fat cells, moreover GOS improves host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.

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Dronedarone and Amiodarone Induce Dyslipidemia and Thyroid Dysfunction in Rats

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000445585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 2311-2322 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Li-Qin Jiang ◽

Shan-Jiang Chen ◽

Jian-Jiang Xu ◽

Zhang Ran ◽

Wang Ying ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Early Stage ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Free Triiodothyronine

Background/Aims: Amiodarone, a thyroid hormone-like molecule, can induce dyslipidemia and thyroid dysfunction. However, the effects of dronedarone on lipid metabolism and of both dronedarone and amiodarone on thyroid function and lipid metabolism remain unknown. Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 in each group): normal control (NC), amiodarone-treated (AMT), dronedarone-treated (DRT), rats treated with amiodarone combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine (AC), and rats treated with dronedarone combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine (DC). Rats were given amiodarone (120 mg/kg/d), dronedarone (120 mg/kg/d), and polyene phosphatidylcholine (200 mg/kg/d) for 13 weeks. At the end of weeks 4, 8, 12, and 13, plasma-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were determined. At the end of this protocol, rats were sacrificed and the thyroid glands were isolated, weighed, and examined histopathologically. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was measured by immunochemical staining. The mRNA expression of thyroglobulin (Tg), type-1 deiodinase (D1), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Compared with the NC group, FT3 and FT4 levels in the DRT and DC groups significantly increased at week 4 but declined thereafter. The AMT and AC groups had lower FT3 levels but comparable FT4 levels. The levels of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c in the NC group were lower than those in the other groups whereas the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio was lowest in the AMT group. Bcl-2 expression significantly increased in the DRT group. The mRNA expression of Tg increased whereas the mRNA expression of D1 decreased. Dronedarone induced hyperthyroidism at the early stage and hypothyroidism at the late stage whereas amiodarone only caused hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Both dronedarone and amiodarone can induce dyslipidemia and increase the levels of TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c, and these effects may be associated with thyroid dysfunction.

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Regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by intestinal inflammation and the acute phase response

Cardiovascular Research ◽

10.1093/cvr/cvx237 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 226-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Karl E Herbert ◽

Clett Erridge

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Dose ◽

Low Grade ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

AbstractSystemic inflammation, induced by disease or experimental intervention, is well established to result in elevated levels of circulating triglycerides, and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), in most mammalian species. However, the relationship between inflammation and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations is less clear. Most reports indicate that systemic inflammation, as observed during sepsis or following high dose experimental endotoxaemia, lowers total, and LDL-C in man. However, isolated reports have suggested that certain inflammatory conditions are associated with increased LDL-C. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence that low-grade inflammation specifically of intestinal origin may be associated with increased serum LDL-C levels. Preliminary insights into potential mechanisms that may mediate these effects, including those connecting inflammation to trans-intestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE), are considered. We conclude that this evidence supports the potential downregulation of major mediators of TICE by inflammatory mediators in vitro and during intestinal inflammation in vivo. The TICE-inflammation axis therefore merits further study in terms of its potential to regulate serum LDL-C, and as a readily druggable target for hypercholesterolaemia.

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