Prevalence and determinants of metabolic health and different body composition phenotypes in a Maltese cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Agius ◽  
Nikolai Pace ◽  
Stephen Fava
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Health

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, and Metabolic Health of Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed in Hospital Following Current Macronutrient Recommendations during the First 3 Years of Life

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Walter Mihatsch ◽  
Izaskun Dorronsoro Martín ◽  
Vicente Barrios-Sabador ◽  
María L. Couce ◽  
Gabriel Á. Martos-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Health Outcome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Vlbw Infants

The present study longitudinally evaluated growth, bone mineral density, body composition, and metabolic health outcome in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants whose in-hospital target nutrient intake was within recent recommendations. From six months to three years, bone mineral density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), body composition, and metabolic health outcome were compared with a reference group of term infants. The aim was to test whether in-hospital achieved weight gain until 36 weeks of gestation (light or appropriate for term equivalent age; LTEA or ATEA) predicts later growth, bone mineral density (BMD), abdominal obesity, or metabolic health outcomes such as insulin resistance, relative to term infants, during the first three years of life. Target in-hospital energy and protein intake was not achieved. Growth in weight, length and head circumference, mid arm circumference, adiposity, fat free mass (FFM), and bone mineralization in VLBW infants was less than those in term infants and influenced by nutritional status at discharge. Preterm infants had poorer motor and cognitive outcomes. Post-discharge body composition patterns indicate FFM proportional to height but lower fat mass index in LTEA preterm infants than term infants, with no evidence of increased truncal fat in preterm infants. The hypothesis of early BMD catch-up in VLBW infants after discharge was not supported by the present data. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear. The data may suggest a reduced obesity risk but an increased osteoporosis risk. Since postnatal growth restriction may have permanent negative health effects, LTEA VLBW infants would especially appear to benefit from targeted preventive interventions. Further follow-up of the infants is required.

Body composition, fitness, and metabolic health during strength and endurance training and their combination in middle-aged and older women

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Sillanpää ◽  
David E. Laaksonen ◽  
Arja Häkkinen ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Benjamin Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Middle Aged

The potential role of androgens as early determinants of body composition and metabolic health.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiberiu Banica ◽  
Charlotte Verroken ◽  
Zmierczak Hans-Georg ◽  
Stefan Goemaere ◽  
Guy T’Sjoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Metabolic Health

Abstract 075: Differences In Body Composition At Baseline And In Response To Exercise Training By Metabolic Health And Weight Status

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
James S Skinner ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Mark A Sarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background: Body composition is known to differ across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Regular exercise improves body composition, yet little is known about differences in exercise response across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Methods: Normal weight (n=376) and overweight/obese (OWOB) adults (n=456) from the HERITAGE Family Study (56% female, 38% Black) completed a 20-week endurance training program. Four groups based on baseline BMI and metabolic risk were created: metabolically healthy normal weight, MHNW; metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUNW; metabolically healthy OWOB, MHO; and metabolically unhealthy OWOB, MUO. Unhealthy was defined as having ≥2 metabolic syndrome components. General linear models tested for differences in baseline and change in measures of body composition (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM], % body fat [%BF], visceral fat) after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity (and baseline value in change models). Results: Table 1 shows adjusted mean baseline and change in body composition values by group. Baseline body composition tended to track with weight status, with NW adults having lower FM, %BF, and visceral fat compared to obese adults (p<0.05), regardless of metabolic health. However, the MHO group had lower baseline values of these traits compared to MUO (p<0.05). Body composition measures significantly improved with exercise training in all groups, however, the magnitude of change differed between groups. For example, both NW groups had larger decreases in %BF compared to the obese groups, with MUNW showing the largest decrease. Conversely, MHNW showed the largest decrease in visceral fat, which was greater than both obese groups, but change in visceral fat was similar between MHO and MUNW. Conclusions: Normal weight adults tended to have better body composition profiles at baseline and larger improvements with exercise compared to obese adults, regardless of metabolic health. Within weight groups, body composition improved regardless of metabolic health status.

scholarly journals SUN-010 Efficacy of High Intensity Intermittent Training for Improving Cardio-Metabolic Health in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Kate Patten ◽  
Luke McIlvenna ◽  
Alba Moreno-Asso ◽  
Nigel Nigel Stepto ◽  
Danielle Hiam
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrinopathy with reproductive and metabolic manifestations, carrying a major health and economic burden. Exercise training has consistently been found improve clinical outcomes in women with PCOS, but shortfalls with exercise prescription are evident. Research suggests that high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) is feasible, well tolerated and enjoyable for people with or at risk of chronic disease and can address many of the shortfalls and barriers to exercise participation. To investigate the effects of high intensity exercise, twenty-four reproductive aged, overweight and obese, previously sedentary women with PCOS were recruited from the community and randomised to complete either 12 weeks of moderate intensity continuous cycling exercise (MOD; 50-60% of maximal heart rate [HRmax]; n=11) or HIIT (90-95% HRmax; n=13). All exercise was supervised by an exercise physiologist and completed 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Baseline and post testing measures consisted of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) determine by a graded maximal exercise test, insulin sensitivity determined by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, body composition outcomes and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). Enjoyment was also measured throughout the intervention using feeling scales. Significant improvements were seen for VO2peak after HIIT with an average increase of 5.6 ± 2.5 mL.kg-1.min-1 (P=0.013) and non-significant increases in the MOD group (3.4 ± 2.1 mL/kg/min; P=0.20). Body composition, fasting insulin and AMH values remained unchanged in both groups. Non-significant improvements in glucose infusion rate (3.3 ± 2.8 mg.lbmkg-1.min-1; P=0.06) and insulin sensitivity index (M-to-I ratio; 3.0 ± 3.8 mg.lbmkg-1.min-1[mU/I]-1 x 100; P=0.17) were found as a result of HIIT compared to no changes after moderate intensity exercise. Importantly, HIIT was also found to be more enjoyable than moderate intensity continuous exercise. The present study is the first to compare current exercise recommendations of moderate and vigorous intensities in women with PCOS. The results of this study provide preliminary validation of HIIT and should be considered for improving cardio-metabolic health in women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlijn M E Remie ◽  
Kay H M Roumans ◽  
Michiel P B Moonen ◽  
Niels J Connell ◽  
Bas Havekes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACT Background Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD+ precursor that boosts cellular NAD+ concentrations. Preclinical studies have shown profound metabolic health effects after NR supplementation. Objectives We aimed to investigate the effects of 6 wk NR supplementation on insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and other metabolic health parameters in overweight and obese volunteers. Methods A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention study was conducted in 13 healthy overweight or obese men and women. Participants received 6 wk NR (1000 mg/d) and placebo supplementation, followed by broad metabolic phenotyping, including hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, muscle biopsies, and assessment of ex vivo mitochondrial function and in vivo energy metabolism. Results Markers of increased NAD+ synthesis—nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide and methyl nicotinamide—were elevated in skeletal muscle after NR compared with placebo. NR increased body fat-free mass (62.65% ± 2.49% compared with 61.32% ± 2.58% in NR and placebo, respectively; change: 1.34% ± 0.50%, P = 0.02) and increased sleeping metabolic rate. Interestingly, acetylcarnitine concentrations in skeletal muscle were increased upon NR (4558 ± 749 compared with 3025 ± 316 pmol/mg dry weight in NR and placebo, respectively; change: 1533 ± 683 pmol/mg dry weight, P = 0.04) and the capacity to form acetylcarnitine upon exercise was higher in NR than in placebo (2.99 ± 0.30 compared with 2.40 ± 0.33 mmol/kg wet weight; change: 0.53 ± 0.21 mmol/kg wet weight, P = 0.01). However, no effects of NR were found on insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, hepatic and intramyocellular lipid accumulation, cardiac energy status, cardiac ejection fraction, ambulatory blood pressure, plasma markers of inflammation, or energy metabolism. Conclusions NR supplementation of 1000 mg/d for 6 wk in healthy overweight or obese men and women increased skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolites, affected skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine metabolism, and induced minor changes in body composition and sleeping metabolic rate. However, no other metabolic health effects were observed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02835664

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Intake in Early Childhood and Body Composition and Metabolic Health: Results from the Generation R Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Anh N. Nguyen ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Kim V. E. Braun ◽  
Trudy Voortman
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Blood Concentrations

High sugar intake in childhood has been linked to obesity. However, the role of macronutrient substitutions and associations with metabolic health remain unclear. We examined associations of carbohydrate intake and its subtypes with body composition and metabolic health among 3573 children participating in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Intake of total carbohydrate, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and polysaccharides at age 1 year was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. We repeatedly measured children’s height and weight to calculate BMI between their ages of 1 and 10 years. At ages 6 and 10 years, fat and fat-free mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry and blood concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin were obtained. For all outcomes, we calculated age and sexspecific SD-scores. In multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models, we found no associations of intake of carbohydrates or its subtypes with children’s BMI or body composition. A higher intake of monosaccharides and disaccharides was associated with higher triglyceride concentrations (0.02 SDS per 10 g/day, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04). Higher monosaccharide and disaccharide intake was also associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (−0.03 SDS, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), especially when it replaced polysaccharides. Overall, our findings suggest associations of higher monosaccharide and disaccharide intake in early childhood with higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but do not support associations with body composition.

scholarly journals Body Composition, Metabolic Health, and Functional Impairment among Adults Treated for Abdominal and Pelvic Tumors during Childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Wilson ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wassim Chemaitilly ◽  
Carrie R. Howell ◽  
Deo Kumar Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Pelvic Tumors
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