Sample preparation and clean up in mycotoxin analysis: principles, applications and recent developments

2011 ◽  
pp. 37-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Razzazi-Fazeli ◽  
E.V. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis

Recent Developments in CE-MS Based Metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Çelebier ◽  
Merve Nenni
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Ionic Compounds ◽  
Recent Sample ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Background: Metabolomics has gained importance in clinical applications over the last decade. Metabolomics studies are significant because the systemic metabolome is directly affected by disease conditions. Metabolome-based biomarkers are actively being developed for early diagnosis and to indicate the stage of specific diseases. Additionally, understanding the effect of an intervention on a living organism at the molecular level is a crucial strategy for understanding novel or unexpected biological processes. Results: The simultaneous improvements in advanced analytical techniques, sample preparation techniques, computer technology, and databank contents has enabled more valuable scientific information to be gained from metabolomics than ever before. With over 15,000 known endogenous metabolites, there is no single analytical technique capable of analyzing the whole metabolome. However, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a unique technique used to analyze an important portion of metabolites not accessible by liquid chromatography or gas chromatography techniques. The analytical capability of CE, combined with recent sample preparation techniques focused on extracting polar-ionic compounds, make CE-MS a perfect technique for metabolomic studies. Conclusion: Here, previous reviews of CE-MS based metabolomics are evaluated to highlight recent improvements in this technique. Specifically, we review papers from the last two years (2018 and 2019) on CE-MS based metabolomics. The current situation and the challenges facing metabolomic studies are discussed to reveal the high potential of CE-MS for further studies, especially in biomarker development studies.

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2012-2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berthiller ◽  
P.A. Burdaspal ◽  
C. Crews ◽  
M.H. Iha ◽  
R. Krska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
The Individual

This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2012 and mid-2013. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. A wide range of analytical methods for mycotoxin determination in food and feed were developed last year, in particular immunochemical methods and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods. After a section on sampling and sample preparation, due to the rapid spread and developments in the field of LC-MS/MS multimycotoxin methods, a separate section has been devoted to this area of research. It is followed by a section on mycotoxins in botanicals and spices, before continuing with the format of previous reviews in this series with dedicated sections on method developments for the individual mycotoxins.

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2015-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berthiller ◽  
C. Brera ◽  
M.H. Iha ◽  
R. Krska ◽  
V.M.T. Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis

This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2015 and mid-2016. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of presented methodologies.

scholarly journals Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alshymaa Aly ◽  
Tadeusz Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
No Sample Preparation

Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.

Identifying Challenges and Risks Associated with the Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Feed and Botanicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694
Author(s):  
Ujwal S. Patil ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
Sean Holleran ◽  
Kristen White ◽  
Cheryl Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lc Tandem Ms ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Changing weather conditions have heightened the risk of growth of mycotoxigenic molds on crops and various agricultural commodities. Mycotoxins, which are linked to carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects in animals and humans, have been traditionally analyzed by immunoassays, gas, and LC techniques with spectrophotometric detectors. This review discusses the current techniques and challenges in commercial settings associated with the analysis of mycotoxins in unique matrices such as animal feeds, herbal products, and dietary supplements containing botanicals. Because of the advantages and growing acceptance of LC-tandem MS (MS/MS) over traditional approaches, discussion is mainly based on LC-MS/MS-based approaches. Considering the impact of sample preparation on accuracy of quantitative results, discussion about pros and cons of recently introduced sample preparation techniques is integrated with analytical methods. A section of the review explains the importance and availability of reference materials for mycotoxins. The present discussion provides good insight into the current challenges and developments during mycotoxin analysis of feed and botanicals and addresses the need for researchers in terms of an official MS-based method.

Recent Developments in Mechanical Specimen Preparation for Tem and Sem Applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 932-933
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
S. Q. Wang ◽  
R. Trussell ◽  
M. Xu ◽  
R.D. Venables ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Wedge Angle ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Polishing Tool

The continued reduction in the size of critical features in integrated circuits has resulted in the need to develop rapid, site-specific, sectioning techniques to enable efficient physical characterization of the structures of interest. We have implemented a mechanical polishing approach to achieve this objective with the additional goals of maximizing the number of targeted sites in a sample that can be analyzed, and minimizing physically destructive procedures, such as ion beam exposure. Precision sample preparation approaches have been under investigation for both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The mechanical specimen preparation approach used in this work is a variant of the well-known wedge polishing technique. Here we use a polishing tool that does not contact the grinding surface, thus allowing precise control of the wedge angle. Prior to sample preparation, the polishing tool head was precision aligned parallel to the platen.

Evaluation of Automated Sample Preparation for Mycotoxin Analysis in Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Automated Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Preparation Procedure ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis

Abstract Background In the present study, we developed a novel automated sample preparation workflow for the determination of mycotoxins in foods. Objective This workflow integrates off-line devices such as a centrifuge, shaker, liquid and solid dispensing units into a unified platform to perform gravimetric and volumetric dispensing, capping/decapping, extraction, shaking, filtration, and centrifugation. Two robotic arms provide sample transportation without human assistance. Method Critical method performance attributes were characterized using spiked corn, milk and peanut butter containing aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, HT-2 and T-2 toxins and zearalenone and certified reference materials. Prepared samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results Recoveries of spiked samples range 100–120% with RSD<20% and the majority of measured values of certified reference materials are consistent with certified values within ±20%. Within- and between-batch variabilities of QC samples range 5–9% and 7–12% respectively. Conclusions Our workflow introduces a straightforward and automated sample preparation procedure for LC-MS-based multimycotoxin analysis. Further, it demonstrates how individual sample preparation devices, that are conventionally used off-line, can be integrated together. Highlights This study shows automated sample preparation will replace manual operations and significantly increase the degree of automation and standardization for sample preparation.

Sampling, sample preparation, and sampling plans for foodstuffs for mycotoxin analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Campbell ◽  
T. B. Whitaker ◽  
A. E. Pohland ◽  
J. W. Dickens ◽  
D. L. Park
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis

scholarly journals Preparation of Tissues and Heterogeneous Cellular Samples for Single-Cell Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Celeste Welch ◽  
Anubhav Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Tissue Dissociation ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Preparation Techniques

While sample preparation techniques for the chemical and biochemical analysis of tissues are fairly well advanced, the preparation of complex, heterogenous samples for single-cell analysis can be difficult and challenging. Nevertheless, there is growing interest in preparing complex cellular samples, particularly tissues, for analysis via single-cell resolution techniques such as single-cell sequencing or flow cytometry. Recent microfluidic tissue dissociation approaches have helped to expedite the preparation of single cells from tissues through the use of optimized, controlled mechanical forces. Cell sorting and selective cellular recovery from heterogenous samples have also gained traction in biosensors, microfluidic systems, and other diagnostic devices. Together, these recent developments in tissue disaggregation and targeted cellular retrieval have contributed to the development of increasingly streamlined sample preparation workflows for single-cell analysis technologies, which minimize equipment requirements, enable lower processing times and costs, and pave the way for high-throughput, automated technologies. In this chapter, we survey recent developments and emerging trends in this field.

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