scholarly journals Activated carbon production from peat using ZnCl2: Characterization and applications

BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 8078-8092
Author(s):  
Toni Varila ◽  
Davide Bergna ◽  
Riikka Lahti ◽  
Henrik Romar ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Degree

The process for producing activated carbon from peat was optimized. The peat was impregnated with different ratios of ZnCl2, and the impregnated biomass was activated at different temperatures. The specific surface area, pore size distribution, total carbon content, and yield of the activated carbon were investigated. The best results for the specific surface area and mesoporosity of the activated peat were obtained by using a high impregnation ratio (2) and high activation temperature (1073 K). Highly porous activated carbon was produced that had a specific surface area of approximately 1000 m2/g and total pore volume that was higher than 0.5 cm3/g for most samples. The activated carbon had a high degree of mesoporosity. The adsorptive properties of the activated carbon were determined with methylene blue and orange II dyes.

Activated carbon powder derived from cashmere guard hair

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-615
Author(s):  
Zhuanyong Zou ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jiahui Ding ◽  
Tanqi Chen ◽  
Xungai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Study Results

Converting waste fiber to high value-added carbonaceous materials has been considered as an effective and affordable route in response to the increasing volume of waste fiber in recent year. In this study, we are the first to prepare activated carbon powder derived from cashmere guard hair as a renewable waste protein fiber, using a chemical activation method at different impregnation ratios of K2CO3/cashmere guard hair char and activation temperatures ranging from 400℃ to 600℃. Characterization of the activated carbon powder was carried out by morphology study, specific surface area study, and adsorption study. Results have shown that the increase of the impregnation ratio and the activation temperature created more microporous structure in the activated carbon powder, and then increased the specific surface area of the activated carbon powder as well as the amount of methylene blue adsorbed. However, the carbon yield increases with the increase in the impregnation ratio of K2CO3/cashmere guard hair char and decreases with the increase in the activation temperature. The activated carbon powder, activated by the condition of 1:2 K2CO3/cashmere guard hair char impregnation ratio and 600℃ activation temperature, has a specific surface area of 764.86 m2g−1 and a carbon yield of 14.07 wt%. Compared to the activated carbon powder derived from fine merino wool fibers, the activated carbon powder derived from cashmere guard hair has higher carbon yield, surface area, and total pore volume, showing a superior adsorption performance.

Optimization of Experimental Conditions for the Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon

2015 ◽  
Vol 1090 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhou Zhang ◽  
Hong Ying Xia ◽  
Li Bo Zhang ◽  
Jin Hui Peng ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Pore

Bamboo as the raw material is carbonized to prepare high specific surface area activated carbon by microwave heating under nitrogen atmosphere in our present work. Influences of activation agents on the preparation of activated carbon are studied. The results show that activation agents have a significant influence on the preparation of activated carbon. Under the heating time of 15 min, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon prepared utilizing KOH as activation agent is the best. When the KOH/C ratio is 4, the iodine number and yield of activated carbon are 2298 mg/g and 39.82%, respectively. The BET specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of activated carbon are 3441 m2/g, 2.093 ml/g and 2.434 nm, respectively. The micropore volume of 1.304 ml/g is 62.30% of total pore volume, indicating that the activated carbon is microporous activated carbon.

Production and characterization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived activated carbon

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2637-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Namazi ◽  
C. Q. Jia ◽  
D. G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Biomass Ratio

The goal of this work is to establish the technical feasibility of producing activated carbon from pulp mill sludges. KOH chemical activation of four lignocellulosic biomass materials, two sludges from pulp mills, one sludge for a linerboard mill, and cow manure, were investigated experimentally, with a focus on the effects of KOH/biomass ratio (1/1, 1.5/1 and 2/1), activation temperature (400–600°C) and activation time (1 to 2 h) on the development of porosity. The activation products were characterized for their physical and chemical properties using a surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out to establish the effectiveness of the lignocellulosic biomass-derived activated carbon in removing methylene blue (MB), a surrogate of large organic molecules. The results show that the activated carbon are highly porous with specific surface area greater than 500 m2/g. The yield of activated carbon was greater than the percent of fixed carbon in the dry sludge, suggesting that the activation process was able to capture a substantial amount of carbon from the organic matter in the sludge. While 400°C was too low, 600°C was high enough to sustain a substantial rate of activation for linerboard sludge. The KOH/biomass ratio, activation temperature and time all play important roles in pore development and yield control, allowing optimization of the activation process. MB adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm for all four activated carbon, although the adsorption capacity of NK-primary sludge-derived activated carbon was considerably lower than the rest, consistent with its lower specific surface area.

Preparation and Characterization of Microporous Activated Carbon from Raw Petroleum Cokes

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Bo Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature

Adopting the chemical activation method, the high specific surface area activated carbon (AC) was prepared by the solid mixing method using Daqing petroleum cokes as raw materials and KOH as activator. The influence of the ratio of KOH to carbon, activation temperature and activation time on the iodine and methylene blue adsorption properties of the AC were studied. The micro-graphitic structure of the AC was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The BET specific surface area, BJH pore size distribution and pore volume of the AC were determined by N2 adsorption (at 77K). The experimental results show that the high specific surface area AC can be prepared with the ratio of KOH to carbon of 4, activation temperature of 800°C and activation time of 1h. The specific surface area was as high as 2142 m2/g with the iodine adsorption value of 288mg/g and methylene blue adsorption value of 1266mg/g. The XRD and BJH results also show that amorphous carbon was the dominating form, and the pore size distribution represents micropore structure.

scholarly journals Effect of Mesopore Development on Butane Working Capacity of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon for Automobile Canister

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Byeong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Hye-Min Lee ◽  
Dong Chul Chung ◽  
Byung-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Activation Time

Kenaf-derived activated carbons (AKC) were prepared by H3PO4 activation for automobile canisters. The microstructural properties of AKC were observed using Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction. The textural properties were studied using N2/77 K adsorption isotherms. Butane working capacity was determined according to the ASTM D5228. From the results, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the AKC was determined to be 1260–1810 m2/g and 0.68–2.77 cm3/g, respectively. As the activation time increased, the butane activity and retentivity of the AKC increased, and were observed to be from 32.34 to 58.81% and from 3.55 to 10.12%, respectively. The mesopore ratio of activated carbon increased with increasing activation time and was observed up to 78% at 973 K. This indicates that butane activity and retentivity could be a function not only of the specific surface area or total pore volume, but also of the mesopore volume fraction in the range of 2.8–3.8 nm and 5.5-6.5 nm of adsorbents, respectively. The AKC exhibit enhanced butane working capacity compared to commercial activated carbon with the high performance of butane working capacity due to its pore structure having a high mesopore ratio.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from Desiccated Coconut Residue by Chemical Activation with NaOH

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Adib Yahya ◽  
C. W. Zanariah C. W. Ngah ◽  
M. A. Hashim ◽  
Z. Al-Qodah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Different Temperatures

<p class="1Body">This study investigates the effect of temperature and impregnation ratio on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste; desiccated coconut residue (DCR) by chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). DCR sample was first carbonized at three different temperatures for 1 hour at 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C respectively. The resulting chars were impregnated with NaOH at three different impregnation ratio; 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 respectively and activated under nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour at three different temperatures based on its carbonization temperature. The specific surface area was strongly affected by impregnation ratio in which increased with impregnation ratio. The specific surface area also increased with temperature but then decreased at highest desired temperature.</p>

scholarly journals Pore Structure Regulation and Electrochemical Performance Characterization of Activated Carbon for Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Li ◽  
Tao Xing ◽  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Pengwei Lu ◽  
Weixue Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Impregnation Time

In order to achieve the purpose of regulating the pore structure characteristics of activated carbon by adjusting the experimental parameters, the effects of carbonization temperature, carbonization time, pre-activation temperature, pre-activation time and impregnation time on the pore structure of sargassum-based activated carbon (SAC) are studied by orthogonal experiment. The gravimetric capacitance of SAC and the relationship between the gravimetric capacitance and specific surface area are also studied. The results show that the SACs prepared at all experimental conditions have developed pore structure and huge specific surface area, reaching 3,122 m2/g. The pore size of SAC is almost all within 6 nm, in which the micropores are mainly concentrated in 0.4–0.8 nm, the mesopores are mainly concentrated in 2–4 nm, and the number of micropores is significantly higher than that of mesopores. During the preparation of SAC, the effect of carbonization temperature on the specific surface area and specific pore volume of SAC is very significant. The effect of carbonization time on the specific surface area of SAC is significant, but the effect on specific pore volume can be ignored. The effects of pre-activation temperature, pre-activation time, and impregnation time on specific surface area and specific pore volume of SAC can be ignored. In addition, SACs show good gravimetric capacitance performance as electrode material for supercapacitors, which can significantly increase the capacitance of supercapacitors and thus broaden their applications. The gravimetric capacitance and specific surface area of SACs show a good linear relationship when the activated carbons have similar material properties and pore size distribution.

scholarly journals Hierarcal porous polystyrene-based activated carbon spheres for CO2 capture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Ren ◽  
Changming Zhang ◽  
Lifang Kou ◽  
Rongxian Wang ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Activated Carbon Spheres

Abstract Activated carbon spheres with high specific surface area and hierarcal porous texture were prepared from polystyrene-based macroreticular resin spheres by air pre-oxidization and steam activation. The as-prepared carbon spheres had a specific surface area of 1274.95 m2 g− 1, total pore volume of 1.09 cm3 g− 1 and micropore volume of 0.47 cm3 g− 1. Moreover, these carbon spheres showed a hierarcal porous texture composed of ultrafine micropores (0.5-1 nm), micropores (1–2 nm), mesopores (10–50 nm) and macropores (50–100 nm). A CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.82 mmol g− 1 for carbon spheres can be obtained at 30 ℃ and 1 atm. Further, after introducing nitrogen-containing functional groups by gaseous ammonia at 600 ℃, these carbon spheres exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.2 mmol g− 1. In addition, excellent cyclic stability, low hygroscopicity and regenerability temperature suggested these carbon spheres were favorable for CO2 capture.

scholarly journals Pitch-Derived Activated Carbon Fibers for Emission Control of Low-Concentration Hydrocarbon

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Min Lee ◽  
Byeong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
Kay-Hyeok An ◽  
Byung-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers

The unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of automobiles are subject to strong regulations because they are known to be converted into fine dust, ozone, and photochemical smog. Pitch-based activated carbon fibers (ACF) prepared by steam activation can be a good solution for HC removal. The structural characteristics of ACF were observed using X-ray diffraction. The pore characteristics were investigated using N2/77K adsorption isotherms. The butane working capacity (BWC) was determined according to ASTM D5228. From the results, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the ACF were determined to be 840–2630 m2/g and 0.33–1.34 cm3/g, respectively. The butane activity and butane retentivity of the ACF increased with increasing activation time and were observed to range between 15.78–57.33% and 4.19–11.47%, respectively. This indicates that n-butane adsorption capacity could be a function not only of the specific surface area or total pore volume but also of the sub-mesopore volume fraction in the range of 2.0–2.5 nm of adsorbents. The ACF exhibit enhanced BWC, and especially adsorption velocity, compared to commercial products (granules and pellets), with lower concentrations of n-butane due to a uniformly well-developed pore structure open directly to the outer surface.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Activated Carbon-MIL-101(Cr) Composites for Ethanol Vapor Adsorption

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3811
Author(s):  
Zhongbao Liu ◽  
Jiayang Gao ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
Zhi Zhao ◽  
Han Sun
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Adsorption Refrigeration ◽  
Vapor Adsorption

In this study, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize MIL-101(Cr), and activated carbon (AC) with different content was incorporated in to MIL-101(Cr), thereby obtaining AC-MIL-101(Cr) composite material with a huge specific surface area. The physical properties of MIL-101(Cr) and AC-MIL-101(Cr) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption and desorption and specific surface area testing, and ethanol vapor adsorption performance testing. The results show that with the increase of activated carbon content, the thermal stability of AC-MIL-101(Cr) is improved. Compared with the pure sample, the BET specific surface area and pore volume of AC-MIL-101(Cr) have increased; In the relative pressure range of 0–0.4, the saturated adsorption capacity of AC-MIL-101(Cr) to ethanol vapor decreases slightly. It is lower than MIL-101(Cr), but its adsorption rate is improved. Therefore, AC-MIL-101(Cr)/ethanol vapor has a good application prospect in adsorption refrigeration systems. The exploration of AC-MIL-101(Cr) composite materials in this paper provides a reference for the future application of carbon-based/MOFS composite adsorbent/ethanol vapor working fluid in adsorption refrigeration.

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