scholarly journals The Knowledge Economy and the Activation of Scientific and Technological Progress: Contemporary Challenges

Ekonomika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

This article is dedicated to the problems and processes of the activation of scientific and technological progress in the context of contemporary challenges of the creation of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy. The main focus here is on activating innovations, scientific and technological progress and creating various preconditions for the development of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.The contemporary processes and phenomena of innovations of scientific and technological progress and of its activation are analyzed in a complex manner; the needs for the purposeful activation and acceleration of scientific and technological progress, in particular in response to the aspirations of the knowledge-based society and the creation of a knowledge economy, are investigated in the presented material.The role and importance of innovation activities and the acceleration of scientific and technological advance in the context of the creation of a knowledge-based society and a knowledge economy are revealed and highlighted. New ideas of the search and use of synergetic effects, as well as a new theoretical approach based on the so-called universal principle of the creation of a “new quality,” are described.The results of the presented research can be used for preparing practical recommendations and methodologies that could be applied in the creation and implementation of the managerial and economic instruments and support systems aimed at the purpose of activating the processes of innovations and scientific and technological progress. These recommendations and methodolies could also be utilized in the development of international relations in the context of what is required in the creation of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.It is shown that the problems and processes of scientific and technological progress can be appreciated as an extremely important and viable field of scientific research on the creation and development of a knowledge economy. Keywords: knowledge economy, scientific and technological progress, innovation, synergy, networking

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

The new theoretical approach of the processes of creating knowledge based society and the knowledge economy, as well as sustainable development processes is described in the article. The main idea is that the creation and development processes of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy may be attributed to the category of global transformation and sustainable development processes, therefore, all general phenomena and characteristics of global transformations and sustainable development in general, are absolutely typical for the creation and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy. The processes of the creating of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are analyzed in the general context of the processes of sustainable development. The main principles of creating the knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are described. Creating and modernization of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy are very complicated processes, oriented to the formation of the new quality of society and qualitatively new lifestyle, these processes may be described as “twice” as complicated, because they win distinction by orientations to the pursuit of new quality in two aspects: the knowledge based society and knowledge economy, compared to “traditional” society and economy, are in all cases described as qualitatively new, creating and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy takes place under the conditions of the global changes, which means that qualitative changes take place in all global space, the essence of those changes is the creation and spread of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy. A special attention is given to the conclusion that in the environment of the knowledge based society creation and generating knowledge economy and development, the provisions for sustainable development should be attained. The processes of creating knowledge based society and knowledge economy and further development should be analyzed and assessed in the context of processes of globalization and internationalization, as well as processes of global transformations. The “Power” concept intended for the scientific cognition of sustainable development and knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes phenomena is analyzed. Santrauka Straipsnyje išdėstomas naujas teorinis požiūris į darnios plėtros ir į žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės bei žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesus. Pagrindine ideja, išreiškianti šio teorinio požiūrio esmė, yra ta, kad darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesai suvoktini ir nagrinėtini kaip sudarantys bendra visuma. Žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimas traktuojamas kaip pagrindinė prielaida realiai įgyvendinti darnios plėtros nuostatas, o darni plėtra vertinama kaip išskirtinis žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesams būdingas požymis. Šiuolaikinėmis globalizacijos bei socialinės, ekonominės raidos ir mokslo bei technologijų pažangos internacionalizavimo salygomis išryškėja daug naujų aplinkybių ir reiškinių, kurių poveikis ir vaidmuo mažai atsispindi daugelyje tradiciniu požiūrių, skirtų tiek darniai plėtrai, tiek žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesams. Padaryta išvada, kad tradiciniai darnios plėtros bei jos problemų, žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo logikos bei tendencijų suvokimai vis labiau neatitinka šiuolaikiniu poreikių ir iššūkių ir reikalingi esminių papildymų bei patikslinimų. Šiuolaikiniai požiūriai į darnią plėtrą bei į žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimą turėtų kur kas geriau perteikti šiuo metu pasaulyje vykstančių naujo tipo transformacijų procesų vaidmenį ir įtaką, visų pirmą tų transformacijų, kurios išreiškia žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės vertybių ir idealų pasklidima globaliu mastu. Būtent tokios visuomenės kūrimasis ir šios visuomenės vertybių ir idealų pasklidimas globalizacijos aplinkoje sukelia naujų transformacijų šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje bei jos gyvenime, sudaro prielaidas suvokti būtinybę naujai reaguoti į darnios plėtros poreikius bei spręsti naujas problemas. Straipsnyje detaliai apibūdinta vadinamoji galios koncepcija, kuria remiantis siūloma kompleksiškai nagrinėti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesus, spręsti daugeli tokių procesų valdymo klausimu. Galios koncepcijos taikymas leidžia modeliuoti stambiose sistemose vykstančius socialines, ekonomines, politines raidos, mokslo ir technologijų pažangos reiškinius bei procesus, identifikuoti ir vertinti atitinkamų procesų suderinamumą, vienų procesų poveikius kitiems procesams, identifikuoti įvairias disproporcijas, išryškejančias netolygiu pokyčių sąlygomis. Visa tai leidžia diagnozuoti pasireiškusias ar galinčias pasireikšti darnios plėtros žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo problemas ir numatyti priemones, skirtas šioms problemoms spręsti. Straipsnyje atskleisti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesų kaip visumos principai, kompleksiškai išnagrinėti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo dėsningumai. Prioritetinis dėmesys skiriamas integracijos ir sintezės kaip jungimosi procesų logikai atskleisti. Išdestytas teorinis požiūris gali būti gana plačiai taikomas nagrinejant įvairius darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo reiškinius.


Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

This theoretical article is intended to the needs and problems of the creation and further development of the so-called elitist studies in the field of management and economics. Main attention is focused on the essence and key principles and priorities of the creation, further development and modernization of elitist studies in general, as well as of the elitist studies in the field of management and economics. It is shown that the creation, further development and modernization of the elitist studies and their systems is an essential precondition for the purposeful development of the intellectual potential in all areas of social and economic life, in all spheres of social, economic and technological development, including in the field of management and economic activities. The role and importance of the elitist studies in the field of management and economics in the context of contemporary challenges of globalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation, intensification of scientific and technological progress, as well as in accordance with the contemporary needs to radically improve managerial activities and to develop and modernize the intellectual potential of specialists in management and economics, is highlighted. Factors and priorities of the creation and further development of the elitist studies in the field of management and economics are described in details.


Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

Purpose – to prepare, disseminate and implement the new concept of economics engineering, the essence of which is an integrated approach to the problems of economic growth, innovation activities, technological progress, and break-throughs. Research methodology – systematic analysis and synthesis of various scientific ideas and approaches, formulation and analysis of new insights. Findings – a new concept of economics engineering is prepared. This concept provides an integrated approach to the so-lution of the problems of economic growth, innovation activities, technological progress, and breakthroughs, as well as of the application of dynamic management tools. The implementation of this concept in the practice of the economic activ-ities and research creates various preconditions for anticipation and realization of new opportunities for economic devel-opment and technological breakthroughs under contemporary conditions of globalization, European integration and the creation of knowledge-based society and knowledge economy. Research limitations – the proposed concept is limited to the cases of the macroeconomic analysis and preparation of the strategic economic decisions. Practical implications – the proposed concept is usable in various cases of economic policy decisions making. Originality/Value – the new insights and perspective ideas provided for the priorities of the economics engineering sci-ence and of the application of the dynamic management tools, are described and analyzed. Orientation to these insights and ideas highlights new significant trends in the scientific research of economic profile


Author(s):  
Daniel Ashlock

Human knowledge was regarded as a transfer process into an applied knowledge base in the early 1980s as the creation of a Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS). The premise behind this transfer was that the KBS-required information already existed and only needed to be gathered and applied. Most of the time, the necessary information was gleaned through talking to professionals about how they handle particular problems. This knowledge was usually put to use in production rules, which were then carried out by a rule interpreter linked to them. Here, we demonstrate a number of new ideas and approaches that have emerged during the last few years. This paper presents MIKE, PROTÉGÉ-II, and Common KADS as three different modeling frameworks that may be used together or separately.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Huaide Wen ◽  
Jun Dai

This paper extends the “sources of growth” explanation for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) proposed by Copeland and Taylor in a concise theoretical framework, that is, when the sources of growth are transformed from physical capital and labor to human capital and knowledge, the environmental pollution could at first rise and then fall with a sustainable growth in per capita income. Using the provincial panel data from 1995 to 2017 in the mainland of China, an empirical analysis is carried out by the System Generalized Method of Moment (sys-GMM). The results show that: first, the EKC hypothesis exists in China. The inflection point for SO2 emissions has been passed in all of the provincial regions, and for CO2 and comprehensive environmental pollution losses have not been passed in some regions, but the inflection point from the national average level in China has been passed; second, the main production factors of the traditional economy, physical capital and labor, are positively correlated with environmental pollution, while human capital and green technological progress, the main production factors of the knowledge economy, are negatively related to environmental pollution; third, human capital and green technological progress have become important factors to promote economic growth, and human capital, in particular, has become the primary factor, which indicates that China is in the process of transforming traditional economy into a knowledge economy. The stage of China’s economic development and the trend of environmental pollution is consistent with the extended “sources of growth” explanation for the EKC, which proved the theoretical hypothesis. This has an important practical significance for China’s current economic reform and important theoretical value for the economic transformation and sustainable development of developing countries. The paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.


Author(s):  
Marina V. Sviridenko ◽  

The article considers the model of development of modern megacities and substantiates the need for the formation of a polycentric structure of the spatial development of agglomerations. The current trends in the placement of educational, research, innovation, business and shopping and entertainment functions for the development of the agglomeration territory are analyzed, the structure of the risks of implementing a polycentric model of the development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration and the directions of their leveling and overcoming are proposed. As the most important driver for the polycentric development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, the author highlights the creation of places of employment, both in the production and post-industrial spheres – the service economy and the knowledge economy, the IT sector.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-259
Author(s):  
Siti Fadhilah

Open innovation is an approach that involves not only internal company, but also external parties in developing and integrating new ideas optimally for the benefit of the company. This approach is more applied by companies in innovating to cope with the business world whom very competitive. However, research through this approach is still minimal and the concept has not been fully adopted in Indonesia. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know how the influence of open innovation approach and the factors supporting the development of innovation on innovation performance in Indonesian companies. The scope of this research is Indonesian companies engaged in all industrial sectors (both manufacturing and service sectors), which conducts innovation activities for the last 3 years, from 2011 to 2013. The research method is quantitative with statistical data analysis descriptive and inferential ie regression analysis. The result of the research shows that the open innovation approach model has a significant influence on the innovation performance of the company, but only two of the three variables approach are inter-organizational collaboration and technology acquisition which has significant influence. For both factors supporting the development of innovation ie the source of information (both internal and external) and internal R D, factors that have a significant influence on innovation performance of the company only internal R D alone.


Author(s):  
I. Muratova

The purpose of the article is to reveal technology as a human activity in which people engage in such interaction with each other and build such relationships and social ties that are mediated by technical means and ensures success in the process of realizing a common goal. To overcome the limitations of narrowly specialized ideas about technology, the research is based on the scientific methods and theoretical principles of social philosophy. This approach allows us to understand technology as a universal principle of social practice, not just production. The need for a philosophical reflection of the immanent connection that exists between technology and sociality is proved by the author. Therefore, the author offers understanding of technology as unity of scientific and technical means and forms of social interactions in subjective practice and objectification human intentions and goals. The results of such research contribute to the establishment of the scientific and theoretical foundations of the practice of management of innovations and technologies with the purpose of conscious humanistic direction of scientific and technological progress.


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