scholarly journals Metalinguistic Apositions in the Monuments of the Polish Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Piotr Zbróg
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Polish Groups ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Formal Point

Monuments of the Polish language contain numerous examples of apposition groups of the type jezioro Błędno, imię Bartłomiej, miasto Betsaida, Maryja, match Boża, królewna Nebraska, Jesusa Krysta syna Dawidowego, Bogu Oćcu. Metalinguistic appositions refer to intra-textual elements, e.g. słowo Pokłada, słowo Betanija, imię Jan, imię Fryzon. The article focuses on an overview and description of expressions of this type from the formal point of view (internal structure, grammatical features of the members), semantic (issues of the connotation of the basis of apposition and apposition, denotation, function) and syntactic (deep structure, the arrangement of members, syntactic accommodation). As it turned out, these groups were, to a large extent, shaped in terms of their specific features in the oldest Polish language and have preserved them until the present times. In semantic and grammatical terms, contemporary constructions of the word Sometime or the name Piotr imitate the old Polish groups, such as the słowo Zawżdy or the imię Bartłomiej. They are connoted on both sides, characterized by inclusion and restrictiveness of appeals. Appeals are not accommodated; expressions have a strict chord and are derived from the use of elements SOUND or HAVE A CHARACTER. Even today, they appear extremely rarely in the texts. 

scholarly journals An exceptionally preserved conulariid from Ordovician erratics of Northern European Lowlands

PalZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Sendino ◽  
Martin M. Bochmann
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Transport Direction ◽  
First Time ◽  
Erratic Boulder

AbstractA conulariid preserved in three dimensions from Ordovician fluvioglacial erratics of the Northern European Lowlands (North German Plain) is described under open nomenclature. It is assigned to the genus Conularia with similarities to Baltoscandian conulariids. The lithology of the erratic boulder and fauna contained in it provide important information on the origin and transport direction of the sediment preserved in a kame from the Saalian glaciation. This paper deals with the site of origin of the boulder in Baltoscandia analysing the comprised palaeofauna, from a palaeostratigraphic and palaeogeographic point of view, from its deposition in Ordovician times until its arrival at its current location in the Late Pleistocene. It also reveals for the first time the internal structure of the conulariid aperture.

Knowledge of the Polish language and the right to practice as a medical doctor. Notes on the margin of administrative court decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(24) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Michał Bartoszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
The Right

The article deals with standards of professional preparation of doctors in the scope of speaking and writing Polish. The thesis of the article is that this requirement is one of the elements of professional preparation which is not limited to knowledge but includes specific skills. Defining the threshold of minimum linguistic competence is a subtle matter. The study draws attention to the necessity of pragmatic approach to these requirements to the extent necessary to practice as a doctor or dentist. From the point of view of the doctor’s rights, a lot depends on the procedure of verifying the command of Polish language. Therefore, attention was paid to the jurisprudence of administrative courts in this area.

Review of: Рикёр П. Genesis, essence and substance in Plato and Aristotle. Course taught at the University of Strasbourg in 1953-1954 / transl. from french G. V. Vdovina. Moscow: Publishing house of humanitarian literature, 2019. 286 p. ISBN 978-5-87121-051-2

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Алексей Михайлович Гагинский
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Formal Point

Курс лекций П. Рикёра, прочитанный более полувека назад, интересен по ряду причин. Во-первых, потому что он посвящён крайне важной теме — античной онтологии; во-вторых, потому что он был прочитан одним из ведущих философов XX в.; в-третьих, потому что этот философ был крупнейшим представителем герменевтического направления, вследствие чего особенно любопытно проследить, как он читает тексты, без преувеличения, самых важных философов в истории человечества. Впрочем, с формальной точки зрения есть некоторые сомнения в возожности исполнения замысла работы: П. Рикёр всё-таки не антиковед, его знание греческого языка, что видно из текста, весьма скромного уровня; кроме того, изданный текст представляет собой курс лекций, автор которых, как кажется, не столько хочет донести до слушателей результаты кропотливых исследований и продуманных идей, сколько разобраться вместе со студентами в античной онтологии. P. Ricoeur's course of lectures, delivered more than half a century ago, is interesting for a number of reasons. Firstly, because it is devoted to an extremely important topic - ancient ontology; secondly, because it was read by one of the leading philosophers of the 20th century; thirdly, because this philosopher was the biggest representative of the hermeneutic direction, so it is especially interesting to trace how he reads texts of, without exaggeration, the most important philosophers in the history of mankind. However, from the formal point of view, there are some doubts about the feasibility of the idea of the work: Ricoeur is not an antiquarian and his knowledge of Greek, as the text shows, is rather modest; besides, the published text is a course of lectures, the author of which seems to want not so much to convey the results of laborious research and elaborated ideas to his students, as to understand ancient ontology together with the students.

The geometry and algebra of the representations of the Lorentz group

1968 ◽  
Vol 303 (1474) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Projective Space ◽  
Lorentz Group ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Normal Curve ◽  
Geometrical Representation ◽  
Spinor Space ◽  
Dimensional Projective Space ◽  
And Algebra ◽  
Rational Normal Curve ◽  
Formal Point

In this paper a (2j + l)-spinor analysis is developed along the lines of the 2-spinor and 3-spinor ones. We define generalized connecting quantities A μv (j) which transform like (j, 0) ⊗ (j -1, 0) in spinor space and like second rank tensors under transformations in space-time. The general properties of the A uv are investigated together with algebraic relations involving the Lorentz group generators, J μv . The connexion with 3j symbols is discussed. From a purely formal point of view we introduce a geometrical representation of a (2j +1)-spinor as a point in a 2j dimensional projective space. Then, for example, the charge con­jugate of a (2j + l)-spinor is just the polar of the corresponding point with respect to a certain rational, normal curve in the projective space. It is suggested that this representation will prove useful.

scholarly journals Biblical studies as a modern humanitarian discipline and its connection with theology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-527
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Seleznev ◽  
◽  
Alexander I. Kyrlezhev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
Church Tradition

A conversation with the famous Russian biblical scholar Mikhail Seleznev is devoted to the modern humanitarian discipline of biblical studies. The conversation examines the origins of this scientific discipline, its formation and development, internal structure, its connection with other humanitarian disciplines, as well as with theology understood as a reflection of believers on the foundations of their faith. Examples of the achievements in biblical studies in the 19th and 20th centuries are provided, which as a result have changed our understanding of the origin of biblical texts and the context in which they were created. The article analyzes the attitude towards scientific study of the Bible in various Christian confessions, in particular, the perception of biblical studies in the Orthodox community and the related problems of modern church consciousness. The current state and the prospects of development of biblical studies in Russia are reported on in the article. The issue of the so-called “intertestamental studies” and its significance for comprehending early Christianity is discussed, as well as that of biblical exegesis from the point of view of its understanding in modern science and church tradition. Bibliographic recommendations are provided for those who wish to begin a more detailed acquaintance with modern biblical studies.

THE NOTION OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
V.M. SHERSTYUK
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constituent Elements

The study puts forward the thesis that the basis for the allocation of structural subdivisions of civil procedural law is mainly the subject of legal regulation. The complex internal structure of the system of this branch of law is due primarily to the diversity of civil procedural relations that constitute the subject of regulation of this branch of law. The work reveals the essential features of the concept of “system of civil procedural law”, defines the grounds for its structural subdivisions and their composition, gives the definition of this category. In particular, the author has formulated the idea that the system of civil procedural law is an internally coordinated set of civil procedural rules, institutions and other relatively independent structural subdivisions of this branch of law, naturally interconnected into a single whole due to the unity of civil procedural relations. Also in this study the point of view is expressed that each level of the system, as well as the entire system of civil procedural law as a whole, is characterized not only by typical features of its constituent elements, but also by their typical, regular relationships that constitute its structure.

Some Reflections on the Constitutional Review in Albania in a Comparison Key

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ismail Tafani ◽  
Renata Tokrri
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Constitutional Legitimacy ◽  
Formal Point ◽  
Constitutional Revision

In this study we will try to analyze the foundations of the Constitution as a pillar and as a guarantee for its solidity. The study will also address the need for revision of the constitution as a fundamental element of its existence and continuity. Particular emphasis will be given to the comparison of the constitutions of the most important countries in the world as regards the procedures and limits to the constitutional revision. In this sense, the constitutions of some Balkan Peninsula countries will be analyzed to draw a comparison and analyze the Albanian Constitution as regards the procedure for its revision. The study intends to analyze the procedures for the revision of the Constitution as well as the explicit and implicit limits to these revisions. In the Constitutional revision in Albania in 2016, the role of the Constitutional Court on the control of the constitutional legitimacy of constitutional revision laws was clarified. Formal constitutionality is usually emphasized since the Albanian constitutional reform underlined that the Constitutional Court in Albania could express itself on the constitutionality of the Constitutional revision law only from a formal point of view.   Received: 2 January 2021 / Accepted: 27 February 2021 / Published: 7 March 2021

PROPER NAME IN SYNCHRONISTIC COINCIDENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
G.I. Berestnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Cognitive Attitudes

The article launches a new approach to studying coincident proper names in different cultural conditions - names viewed in a synchronistic perspective, in the Jungian sense. The paper purports to answer a number of questions adding to the theory of language, depth psychology and cognitive science. The main research methods, such as cognitive analysis and reconstruction, allow recovering data on deep cognitive attitudes of a person and possible connections of his/her mental sphere with physical reality. In this regard, the functional and cognitive nature of proper names is analyzed. It is determined by a number of characteristics that form the basis for further research. The paper further elaborates on the conditions and models of synchronistic coincidences of proper nouns (mostly personal names). The identified conditions and models are as follows: a) thematic seriality of personal names; b) their cross-matching; c) their systemic parallel matching; d) their complete coincidence in space and time; e) their promising coincidences in fortune telling; f) coincidence of ideal and real personal names; g) coincidences of personal names “framing” certain historical epochs; h) coincidences of proper names, removing the referential certainty of the named subjects. The data presented in the article made it possible to make some generalizations and to outline research prospects in this area. First of all, researching proper names from the point of view of synchronistic coincidences allows us to have an insight into human cognition and shed light on its deep structure. In addition, such studies have interdisciplinary significance bringing cognitive linguistics and the fundamental sciences closer together. Finally, the analysis of synchronistic coincidences of proper names allows us to reconstruct some deep cognitive attitudes in the human psyche, demonstrating the unity of mental and physical realities. Even more promising in this regard is the unification of cognitive linguistics with other advanced scientific disciplines engaged in this issue.

The unpredictability of behaviour in traffic. Some reflections

2015 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Kazimierz J. Pawelec
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Rules Set ◽  
Formal Point ◽  
General Standard ◽  
Safety Rules

A traffic accident is an unpredictable event, although it may be committed as a result of non-compliance with safety rules, i.e. the general standard specified in Art. 177 & 1 of the Penal Code, or the detailed rules set out in the Law on Road Traffic. Its important cause can also be absolutely unpredictable, deviating from the model behaviour of participants of traffic. They can mislead on another, which from a formal point of view is chargeable, for example, not yielding priority, cutting off traffic, failure to comply with particular caution when approaching the designated crossing points or other dangerous places. Rating non-model, misleading behaviour, repeatedly escapes the attention of law enforcement or the courts. A large part in this is also shared by expert witnesses in traffic and automobile technology, who in their opinions carry out legal assessments, especially the opportunities and obligations. This is an issue strictly dogmatic, not belonging to their competence.

Wartość jako kategoria ekonomiczna w świetle wielowymiarowości pojęcia „wartość”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Is Value

The ambiguity of statements may result in a wrong understanding of their content and incorrect decisions made on their basis. The Polish language uses a number of terms of ambiguous meaning, which determine the level of complication in interpreting and assessing the conveyed content. One of the notions included in this category is „value” – a term commonly used in everyday life, as well as extremely widely in the sphere of enterprise science. The dimension of capturing the value creates the essence of this term, constituting the basis of reference in the mechanisms of its determination. The above assumes particular significance in economic processes, where the process of valuation (pricing) arises directly from the essence of the object of reference and the purpose of measurement, the identification of which determines the content of the economic dimension of the „value” under consideration. Economic value – like value in general, is a complex category. Deepening the content of this concept creates the basis for capturing and measuring the widely understood value (of resources, work, enterprise), hence „value” – including in particular „economic value” should be considered an important category from the point of view of the correctness of the course, and then the analysis of conducted economic processes. The problems of defining the concept of „value” inspired the author to write this article. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of the term „value” in the light of its ambiguity, with particular emphasis on the economic dimension of its consideration. The study is based on a review and critical assessment of the available literature and studies, with conclusions.

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