scholarly journals Capital city in the perceptions of "the best Lithuanian"

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Loreta Vaicekauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Social Associations ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The paper examines the ideology of the best language in the Lithuanian speech community. The research is based on synthesis of various metalinguistic data collected during previous research by the author. The regularity of the findings and stereotypical attitudes found in the data suggest that the idea of ​​the best Lithuanian in the Lithuanian speech community is closely linked to the largest city of Lithuania and the one of the highest social status – the capital Vilnius. Through the association with the city of Vilnius, the language of the „metropolis” and the „capital” acquires prestigious social meanings and the highest position in the hierarchy of Lithuanian language varieties. Metalinguistic localization in the metropolis gives following attributes to the best Lithuanian: non-dialectal, grammatical, correct, spoken by educated persons. Additional social values are developed through the association with the dwellers of the capital city and the urban center of the country itself: “modern”, “youthful”, “international”, “cosmopolitan”, “advanced”, as well as “self-confident”, “successful”, “wealthy”, “educated” and “cultivated”. All these attributions can be linked to the category dynamism, a valuable social value for, especially, young members of the community. Compared to the studies conducted elsewhere, it can be assumed that both linking of the ‘best speech’ with the speech of the metropolis or the capital city and the positive social associations of the capital city, is universal. All the research data collected using different methods during different investigations point to that there is basically no hierarchical relationship between the Vilnius speech and the standard Lithuanian in the best language perceptions of the Lithuanians. These two varieties are being integrated into one concept of the best speech spoken by best speaker, the one of the highest status, the most dynamic and competent as well possessing the best personality traits. Neither the stereotypical features associated with Vilnius speech (such as language mixing), nor the structural features of it (such as the so-called vowel lengthening, heavily criticized by the Lithuanian standard speech norm-setters), do not affect the concept of the best language by the community. Vilnius residents themselves and the general speech community evaluate linguistic features and prestige of the Vilnius speech differently from normative textbooks. The research presented in the paper makes it possible to predict that the link between capital Vilnius and the best speech of the community is the condition that will allow the speech of Vilnius to be taken over by language users and spread.

scholarly journals ‘Between life and death’: On land, silence and liberation in the capital city

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. De Beer
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

This article reflects on the unfinished task of liberation – as expressed in issues of land – and drawing from the work of Franz Fanon and the Durban-based social movement Abahlali baseMjondolo. It locates its reflections in four specific sites of struggle in the City of Tshwane, and against the backdrop of the mission statement of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, as well as the Capital Cities Research Project based in the same university. Reflecting on the ‘living death’ of millions of landless people on the one hand, and the privatisation of liberation on the other, it argues that a liberating praxis of engagement remains a necessity in order to break the violent silences that perpetuate exclusion.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Blobaum
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Capital City ◽  
First Year ◽  
Great War ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The City

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Warsaw during the Great War. Warsaw entered the war not as a capital city but as the third city of the Russian Empire. In the war's first year, Warsaw witnessed massive shifts in population as a consequence of mobilization, evacuations, deportations, and male labor out-migration on the one hand, and the arrival of refugees and wounded soldiers in the other. By the second winter of the war, the city experienced rapidly escalating incidences of starvation, disease, death, and conflict over the increasingly scarce resources necessary to sustain human life. The chapter then compares Warsaw's experience of the Great War to that of the Second World War.

scholarly journals La Mortalite Infanto-Juvenile A Bouafle : Contribution A L’analyse Des Conditions De Vie Dans Une Ville Ivoirienne

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Kadet G. Bertin ◽  
Adjelou Kessou ◽  
Anoh Kouassi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects

The dynamics of Bouaflé, an urban locality in the center-west of Côte d'Ivoire, faces a double challenge. On the one hand, the plight related to the mortality of the under-five stands out as a threat to their future. On the other hand, owing to lack of drinking water in the city as well as harmful effects of polluting activities on the local environment, environmental pathologies affect the urban space. From available documents on this city supplemented by field surveys, this study showcases an inventory of the determining factors of infant and child mortality in Bouaflé and highlights the limitations of local governance in the quest for a sustainable development for the capital city of the Marahoué.

scholarly journals Desigualdades intraurbanas e condicionantes socioambientais: elementos para a delimitação de zonas de risco a ocorrência da Leptospirose

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Márcia Eliane Silva Carvalho ◽  
Francisco De Assis Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Geospatial Modeling ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar zonas de risco para a leptospirose no ambiente urbano em Aracaju/SE/BR, buscando identificar o perfil da doença no recorte espacial em estudo, bem como o contexto no qual a doença se expressa e suas relações com as variáveis socioambientais no recorte temporal de 2010 a 2015. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, analítico e quantitativo, com uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental a partir de dados secundários, finalizando com o recurso da modelagem geoespacial. O modelo elaborado para o risco à leptospirose em Aracaju delimitou três zonas distintas na qual a de mais alto risco abrange os bairros da periferia norte da cidade, bem como a zona periférica sul, ambas com os mais baixos níveis de renda e deficiências na infraestrutura local. O reconhecimento de áreas de risco do ponto de vista socioambiental com concentração da doença torna-se importante para as ações de controle de endemias desde que integradas a outras políticas públicas voltadas para melhoria no saneamento, habitação, educação e distribuição de renda. Palavras chave: Ambiente urbano; Saúde coletiva; Risco socioambiental;  Leptospirose   Abstract This paper aims to identify Leptospirosis risk areas in the urban environment in Aracaju, capital city of the State of Sergipe in Brazil, seeking to identify the profile of the disease in the area studied, as well as the context in which the disease happens and its relations with socio-environmental variables, from 2010 to 2015. This is an ecological, descriptive, analytical and quantitative study, using bibliographical and documentary research based on secondary data, ending with the use of geospatial modeling. The model which was prepared for the Leptospirosis risk in Aracaju delimited three distinct zones, in which the one of highest risk covers the neighborhoods of the northern periphery of the city, as well as the southern peripheral zone, both with the lowest levels of income and deficiencies in terms of infrastructure. The acknowledge of socio-environmental risk areas with disease concentration becomes important for endemic control actions, since they are integrated with other public policies aimed at improving sanitation, housing, education and income distribution. Keywords: Urban environment; Collective health; Socio-environmental risk; Leptospirosis   Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las zonas de riesgo para la leptospirosis en el entorno urbano en Aracaju / SE / BR, buscando identificar el perfil de la enfermedad en el área espacial en estudio, así como el contexto en el que se expresa la enfermedad y sus relaciones con las variables socioambientales en el marco de tiempo 2010-2015. Se trata de un estudio ecológico, descriptivo, analítico y cuantitativo, mediante la investigación bibliográfica y documental de los datos secundarios, terminando con el uso de la modelización geoespacial. El modelo preparado para el riesgo de leptospirosis en Aracaju delineó tres áreas distintas en las que el mayor riesgo abarca los barrios de la periferia norte de la ciudad, así como la zona periférica del sur, todas con los más bajos niveles de renta y deficiencias en la infraestructura local. El reconocimiento de las zonas de riesgo en el punto de vista socioambiental con la concentración de la enfermedad se hace importante para el control de enfermedades endémicas desde que integradas en otras políticas públicas destinadas a mejorar el saneamiento, la vivienda, la educación y la distribución de renta. Palabras clave: Ambiente urbano; Salud pública; Riesgo socioambiental; Leptospirosis

Linguistic Landscape as standing historical testimony of the struggle against colonization in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Hirut Woldemaram
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent country and its second largest in terms of population. Apart from a five-year occupation by Italy, which is considered as a war time, the country has never been colonized. The Linguistic Landscape (LL) of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia and the seat of the African Union, prominently depicts that important history. Erected in the main squares of the city, the various monuments serve as standing testimonies of the struggle, victory and important figures pertaining to Italian fascist invasion of Ethiopia. Moreover, there are different institutions (schools, hospitals) and infrastructures (bridges, streets) officially named after significant historical moments. Visible in the central locations and squares of the city, monuments, statues, and the naming of streets, bridges, schools, and hospitals, keep the peoples’ memory about the struggle against the Italian invasion and the victories obtained. Symbols of the Lion of Judah, cross and national flags are also part of the public exhibit marking identities, ideologies and references to the country’s history. This study aims at showing how the LL serves as a mechanism to build the historical narrative of Ethiopia. It overviews how the LL in Addis Ababa via its monuments depicts the anti-colonial struggle and the victory over Fascist Italian forces. The monuments considered are: the Victory Monument, The Patriots Monument, The Abune Petros statute, and the Menelik II Statue. After presenting background aspects, this paper tackles Ethiopians’ memories of the Italian invasion as expressed in Addis Ababa’s LL and their identity construction and reconstruction. The last section discusses the findings and draws concluding remarks. Methodologically, digital Figures of the monuments were collected coupled with interview. Ethnographic approaches to the LL are used to analyze the selected memorial objects. As Creswell (2003) indicates ethnographic designs like qualitative research procedures, aims at describing, analyzing, and interpreting a culture-sharing group’s patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in 2014 with a sample of 15 pedestrians, males and females, of different ages and educational categories who were standing in front of the monuments waiting for buses. The interviewers wanted to know what people think of the significance and relevance of location of the monuments in the public space. Most of the interviewees tended to support the views of the prevailing popular interpretations. They strongly relate the monuments with memories of brutality of Italian invaders on the one hand, and the strong resistance, patriotism and heroism of the Ethiopian people. The interviews agree that this unique victory needs to keep being celebrated and glorified as part of the history of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Urban identity of modern Mongolian nomads

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Terentyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Local Character ◽  
The One ◽  
City State ◽  
Identification Practices ◽  
The City ◽  
Opinion Polls

This article examines the Ulaanbaatar phenomenon. The capital city of Mongolia actually contains all the external ideas about the country, but in essence it is not Mongolia, being a kind of city-state that exists separately in the country's socio-cultural space. The author defines the significance of the metropolitan ethnocultural space, its images and meanings in the self-identification practices of modern Mongols. A brief historical overview of the urban planning tradition of the Mongols is offered, which shows an active external influence and an almost complete absence of local character in this process. This is not unique to the nomadic culture, which denies any urban settlement, static and immobile. Based on opinion polls and qualitative observations, attention is drawn to one important paradox of the modern Mongolian society. It boils down, on the one hand, to the stable appeal of the older generation to nomadic, pastoral traditions as the basis for the existence of the modern Mongolian nation and civilization. On the other hand, it is associated with the desire to organize the life of their descendants in the city and not pass on to them the values of the nomadic society. In conclusion, it is summed up that it is the city that enables the former Mongolian steppe, who moved here to a potential permanent residence, to feel in its entirety the identity of a nomad, not limited by the framework of livestock farming, but filled with images and ideas about their own traditional culture. These are the ideas about their culture, expressed most often in the understanding of nomadism as a mobile pastime, that determine the current ethnicity of the Mongols.

scholarly journals The Hindu Kush–Karakorum and linguistic areality

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Liljegren
Keyword(s):  
Word List ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
The One

Abstract The high-altitude Hindu Kush–Karakoram region is home to more than 50 language communities, belonging to six phylogenies. The significance of this region as a linguistic area has been discussed in the past, but the tendency has been to focus on individual features and phenomena, and more seldom have there been attempts at applying a higher degree of feature aggregation with tight sampling. In the present study, comparable first-hand data from as many as 59 Hindu Kush–Karakoram language varieties, was collected and analyzed. The data allowed for setting up a basic word list as well as for classifying each variety according to 80 binary structural features (phonology, lexico-semantics, grammatical categories, clause structure and word order properties). While a comparison of the basic lexicon across the varieties lines up very closely with the established phylogenetic classification, structural similarity clustering gives results clearly related to geographical proximity within the region and often cuts across phylogenetic boundaries. The strongest evidence of areality tied to the region itself (vis-à-vis South Asia in general on the one hand and Central/West Asia on the other) relates to phonology and lexical structure, whereas morphosyntactic properties mostly place the region’s languages within a larger areal or macro-areal distribution. The overall structural analysis also lends itself to recognizing six distinct micro-areas within the region, lining up with geo-cultural regions identified in previous ethno-historical studies. The present study interprets the domain-specific distributions as layers of areality that are each linked to a distinct historical period, and that taken together paint a picture of a region developing from high phylogenetic diversity, through massive Indo-Aryan penetration and language shifts, to today’s dramatically shrinking diversity and structural stream-lining propelled by the dominance of a few lingua francas.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals An Online Reputation Analysis of the Tourism Industry in Marbella: A Preliminary Study on Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
María Jesús Carrasco-Santos ◽  
Antonio Manuel Ciruela-Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Gabriel Méndez Pavón ◽  
Carmen Cristófol Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
The One ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
The City

This research analyzed the online reputation of Marbella as a tourist destination and the profiles of the reviewers according to sociodemographic characteristics. A correlational, quantitative research technique was used in this study based on the manual extraction of more than 4000 reviews generated on TripAdvisor. The data used in this study were collected from the TripAdvisor website, taking, as a sample, tourists who had visited the city in the last three years. Ratings that did not provide full data on the variables were excluded. The findings show that Marbella is considered a luxury shopping destination. The preliminary conclusions allow us to generalize about the sociodemographic profile of its tourists. The findings of the study will provide valuable information for Marbella’s Destination Management Organization (DMO). On the one hand, this study highlights the importance of ranking the attractions of the city to create better communication strategies and enhance the appeal of those attractions that receive the best ratings, establishing the true vocation of Marbella as a tourist destination. On the other hand, it provides information on what tourists perceive to be negative elements, allowing the administration to create an improvement plan. The novelty of this research paper is that it delves into Marbella’s online reputation through an analysis of specific attractions’ ratings. Areas that require further attention in future research have been highlighted, along with specific advice on each attraction that contributes to the tourist offerings of the city.

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