scholarly journals Assessment of the level of functional state and the course of a specific biological cycle of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
M. Prudnikova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
General Physical ◽  
And Training

Purpose: to determine the functioning of the cardiovascular and reproductive system of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years under the influence of specific physical activity. Material and methods. 14 athletes took part in the research, 7 of them were freestyle wrestling (3 – I category, 4 – candidates for master of sports) and 7 – Mountain Bike (MTO) races (4 – I category, 3 – candidates for master of sports). Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical and biomedical research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the analysis of educational programs (freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTV) of the age group of 15-16 years showed that in these kinds of sports a different mode of educational and training work during the annual cycle. So, for freestyle wrestling athletes in the age group 15-16 years old, special physical training is planned for 100 hours, psychological training for 20 hours, competitive training for 42 hours, for 70 hours – rehabilitation means for 6 hours – medical control, while female cyclists – MTB is 12 hours more than general physical training, 144 hours more – technical and tactical. After the training year, the analysis of the trainers' plans showed that in freestyle wrestling, the percentage of general physical training has changed and amounted to 16 %, special physical – 24 %, technical and tactical – 33 %, psychological – 4 %, while in cycling general physical training – 19 %, special physical – 25 %, technical and tactical – 34 %, psychological – 6 %. Special and technical-tactical work by 1 % and psychological work by 2 % more were performed by cyclists relative to wrestlers. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes showed a statistical difference in systolic blood pressure (t=3,60; t=8,92; p<0,001), in diastolic blood pressure (t=3,56; t=6,00, p<0,001), in the aerobic metabolic capacity (t=5,08; t=7,07; p<0,001), in the anaerobic metabolic capacity (t=12,20; t=8,14; p<0,001). According to a survey of female athletes, it was determined that in September 2019, 33 % of athletes 15-16 years old had irregular menstruation and 67% – regular, in December 2019 4 3% – irregular and 57 % – regular, in May 2020 50% – irregular and 50 % – regular, in September 2020 57 % – irregular and 43 % – regular menstruation. Conclusions. The analysis of curricula for the chosen sport and training plans of coaches by types of training showed that the specificity of the training process is the specificity of the discipline in which relatively independent types are clearly visible, and the distribution of training and competitive physical loads is interconnected with the stage of training. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes 15-16 years old showed that higher performance in cyclists as a result of training (physiologically athletic heart. At the same time, among wrestlers it was recognized as more optimal indicators of the heart muscle for further improvement of sportsmanship. The negative dynamics of the ovarian cycle at the age of 15-16 years was determined, which amounted to 21 % of irregular menstruation. Keywords: freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTB, specific biological cycle, cardiovascular system.

TEACHING MULTI-ROTATION JUMPS TO FEMALE SKATERS AGED 10–11 WITH THE USE OF «ROTATOR» VESTIBULAR SIMULATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Ivan Martynenko ◽  
Ekaterina Borisenkova ◽  
Yana Suslenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
The North ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Training Exercises

Currently, Russian skaters are delivering incredible performances worldwide. In this regard, diverse social groups show increasing interest in this sport. Thus, professionals pay much attention to the coaching for win-win outcomes. It is especially important for single female skaters at the competitions where few hundredths of a point determine results of several participants from Russia, and at the same time dozens of points separate them and skaters from other countries on the podium. The aim of the research is to test the techniques of teaching multi-rotation jumps to female skaters aged 10-11. These techniques are part of training methodology, and they consider harmony, interconnection and versatility of sport training in general. These techniques include special exercises with the use of “Rotator” simulator. Materials and methods of the research. In our research, we used the review and analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical processing of the results. The experiment covered two groups of female athletes born in 2007-2008, with 8 people in each group. All the participants came from the «Zvezda» Center of Physical Culture and Sports of the North-Western administrative district of Moscow. Research results and discussion. Participants of the experimental group were performing the developed sets of exercises on general physical training, special physical training (including “Rotator” vestibular simulator) and training on skating rink during six months. The research revealed a significant increase in the technical and physical fitness of the participants of this subgroup. Conclusion. The developed set of “Rotator” simulator exercises, as well as complexes of auxiliary and special training exercises with increasing coordination complexity are effective in teaching multi-rotation jumps to female skaters aged 10-11 compared with the standard exercises performed in the control group.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUALIZATION IN THE TRAINING OF QUALIFIED ATHLETES SPECIALIZING IN COMPLEX TYPES OF MILTIATHLON

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Sergey Sevdalev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Training System ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Complex Coordination ◽  
And Training

The purpose of the research is to study the main approaches of coaches to planning the educational and training process of qualified female athletes specializing in complex types of all-around (multiathlon), taking into account the biorhythmological characteristics of their body. The set of methods used to solve the assigned tasks included: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature data; questionnaire, pedagogical observation and methods of statistical processing of the obtained material. Results. It was determined that more than 50% of coaches working with athletes in all-around sports do not take into account, or partially take into account the peculiarities of the course of the OMC (ovarian-menstrual cycle). About 90% of specialists carry out training sessions in the menstrual phase of the OMC and dose the training loads intuitively or according to the direct desire of the athlete. The volume and intensity of the load is adjusted only in the menstrual phase, less often in the premenstrual phase. In the menstrual phase, specialists use cyclic exercises at the Anaerobic Exchange Threshold (AET) level, exercises that develop flexibility, exercises of a general physical orientation. In this phase of the OMC, there is a decrease in the results in speed-strength and complex coordination types of all-round events. Conclusions. The conducted questionnaire survey and our own pedagogical observations indicate that the individualized approach is not fully used in the training system of qualified female athletes specializing in the types of complex multi-events. Experts do not take into account the factors associated with the characteristics of health, performance and emotional state of athletes in different phases of the biorhythm of their bodies, which negatively affects sports results and health of athletes. Key words: optimization, training process, planning individualization, load, biological characteristics.

Bifurcation in a Simple Model of the Cardiovascular System

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Akselrod ◽  
S. Eyal
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Mayer Waves ◽  
Sustained Oscillations ◽  
Human Cardiovascular System ◽  
Physiological Values

Abstract:A simple nonlinear beat-to-beat model of the human cardiovascular system has been studied. The model, introduced by DeBoer et al. was a simplified linearized version. We present a modified model which allows to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the cardiovascular system. We found that an increase in the -sympathetic gain, via a Hopf bifurcation, leads to sustained oscillations both in heart rate and blood pressure variables at about 0.1 Hz (Mayer waves). Similar oscillations were observed when increasing the -sympathetic gain or decreasing the vagal gain. Further changes of the gains, even beyond reasonable physiological values, did not reveal another bifurcation. The dynamics observed were thus either fixed point or limit cycle. Introducing respiration into the model showed entrainment between the respiration frequency and the Mayer waves.

Age-Dependence in Alterations in Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Cardiovascular System during Adaptation to Physical Training

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Bazilyuk ◽  
Anatolii V. Kotsuruba ◽  
Lyubov. G. Stepanenko ◽  
Sergey A. Talanov ◽  
Yu. P. Korchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Age Dependence

Cardiovascular Effects of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261
Author(s):  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Arterial Blood

Aims: The present study was performed in order to analyze the antihypertensive activity of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. Background: Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb is an aromatic and medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This herb is used to treat various pathologies such as cardiovascular disorders. Meanwhile, its pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system have not been studied. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Micromeria graeca (AEMG) on the cardiovascular system in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: In this study, the cardiovascular effect of AEMG was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro investigations. In order to assess the acute effect of AEMG on the cardiovascular system, anesthetized L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats received AEMG (100 mg/kg) orally and arterial blood pressure parameters were monitored during six hours. In the sub-chronic study, rats were orally treated for one week, followed by blood pressure assessment during one week of treatment. Blood pressure was measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. In the second experiment, isolated rat aortic ring pre-contracted with Epinephrine (EP) or KCl was used to assess the vasorelaxant effect of AEMG. Results: Oral administration of AEMG (100 mg/kg) provoked a decrease of arterial blood pressure parameters in hypertensive rats. In addition, AEMG induced a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with EP (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM). This effect was attenuated in the presence of propranolol and methylene blue. While in the presence of glibenclamide, L-NAME, nifedipine or Indomethacin, the vasorelaxant effect was not affected. Conclusion: This study showed that Micromeria graeca possesses a potent antihypertensive effect and relaxes the vascular smooth muscle through β-adrenergic and cGMP pathways.

Cardiovascular Responses to Muscle Stretching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Bellafiore ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Antonio Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

AbstractThe aim of this study will be to review the current body of literature to understand the effects of stretching on the responses of the cardiovascular system. A literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM Pubmed and ScienceDirect. Studies regarding the effects of stretching on responses of the cardiovascular system were investigated. Outcomes regarded heart rate(HR), blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV of which baPWV for brachial-ankle and cfPWV for carotid-femoral waveforms), heart rate variability and endothelial vascular function. Subsequently, the effects of each outcome were quantitatively synthetized using meta-analytic synthesis with random-effect models. A total of 16 studies were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis. Groups were also stratified according to cross-sectional or longitudinal stretching interventions. Quality assessment through the NHLBI tools observed a “fair-to-good” quality of the studies. The meta-analytic synthesis showed a significant effect of d=0.38 concerning HR, d=2.04 regarding baPWV and d=0.46 for cfPWV. Stretching significantly reduces arterial stiffness and HR. The qualitative description of the studies was also supported by the meta-analytic synthesis. No adverse effects were reported, after stretching, in patients affected by cardiovascular disease on blood pressure. There is a lack of studies regarding vascular adaptations to stretching.

Functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in adolescents with high normal blood pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
N. B. Pankova ◽  
I. B. Alchinova ◽  
E. V. Afanaseva ◽  
M. Yu. Karganov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Functional Characteristics

scholarly journals Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) presenting as recurrent pneumothorax in an infant with tuberous sclerosis: treated successfully with sirolimus

2018 ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-226244
Author(s):  
Lalit Takia ◽  
Kana Ram Jat ◽  
Anirban Mandal ◽  
Sushil Kumar Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bilateral Pneumothorax ◽  
General Physical Examination ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Cortical Tubers ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Multiple Cysts

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) either sporadic or a part of tuberous sclerosis complex is rare in paediatric age group. Here, we report a case of LAM with tuberous sclerosis in an infant. She was referred to our institute at the age of 4 months as a case of recurrent bilateral pneumothorax requiring intercostal tube drainage. Detailed history revealed that patient was symptomatic since 1 month of age in the form of seizures. She had respiratory symptoms for last 15 days. General physical examination revealed whitish macular patches. Brain imaging was suggestive of cortical tubers and subependymal nodules. The echocardiography showed right atrial rhabdomyoma. Chest CT revealed multiple cysts suggesting LAM. On the basis of above findings, a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex with LAM was made. The infant was started on sirolimus and there was significant clinical and radiological improvement over a period of 2 and half years without any side effects.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Behavior, Perception of Threat, Stress and Training Patterns of Olympic and Paralympic Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12780
Author(s):  
María José Martínez-Patiño ◽  
Francisco Javier Blas Lopez ◽  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Eric Vilain ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
And Training

Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent confinement on behaviors, perception of threat, stress, state of mind and training patterns among Olympic and Paralympic level athletes. Methods: Data gathering was performed utilizing an online questionnaire during imposed confinement. A correlational design with incidental sampling for convenience was used. All the variables were analyzed by age, gender, academic training, type of participation and sport specialty on a population composed of 447 Olympic (age: 26.0 ± 7.5 years) and 64 Paralympic (age: 28.4 ± 10.5 years) athletes. Results: The athletes trained more than twice as many hours before than during confinement. Most of the athletes recognized that their best athletic performance diminished due to the COVID-19 confinement but that will recover after the pandemic and its confinements. Almost half of the athletes declared they were more tired than normal and had difficulty sleeping, while more than half ate more or less as usual. Paralympic athletes reported they felt more capable to cope with personal problems and life events and felt less lonely during the confinement than the Olympians. The athletes from team sports reported to be more affected in their training routine than athletes of individual sports, seeing their athletic performance more affected. Athletes in individual sports felt more able to cope with personal problems than athletes in team sports. Female athletes were significantly more tired and reported more difficulty sleeping than male athletes. Conclusion: The situation caused by COVID-19 has had significant effects on the behavior, perception of threat, stress and training patterns of Olympic and Paralympic athletes preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It is necessary that sports institutions reinforce mechanisms of help for athletes during future situations of confinement.

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