scholarly journals Estimation of roadside pollution by toxic substances of exhaust gases

2008 ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
O V Rjabova
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Roadside Pollution

scholarly journals The Main Components of Vehicle Exhaust Gases and Their Effective Catalytic Neutralization

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Sassykova ◽  
Y. A. Aubakirov ◽  
S. Sendilvelan ◽  
Zh. Kh. Tashmukhambetova ◽  
M. F. Faizullaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Main Components

The constantly increasing growth in the number of cars is one of the reasons for the deterioration of the ecological situation in cities and large settlements. In Kazakhstan, on a national scale, the share of motor vehicles in total emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by all technogenic sources reaches on average 40%, in the mass of industrial waste - 2%. The content of toxic substances in the exhaust of diesel and gasoline engines varies and depends on the type of engine and mode of operation, as well as on the quality of the fuel, the composition of the combustible mixture in the engine cylinders, speed and driving conditions, ignition system and fuel control. The number of all toxic components in the exhaust gas exceeds the maximum permissible standards by tens and hundreds of times. One of the most reliable ways to reduce the toxicity of vehicle exhaust gases and remove harmful substances is the complete oxidation of exhaust components using catalytic compositions on metal or ceramic block carriers. The article accumulates data from the scientific literature about toxicity of different components of exhaust gases and catalytic neutralization of vehicle exhaust gases by various scientific schools.

IMPROVED METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF DIESEL TRUCK ENGINES EXHAUST GAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Мишин ◽  
S. Mishin ◽  
Тихомиров ◽  
P. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Improved Methods

The investigations of modern methods of diagnosing of diesel truck engines exhaust gases. The submission provides an overview of the diagnosis techniques, which are held both in domestic and in foreign countries. The technique of improving the diagnosis of toxic substances

scholarly journals Creating mechanisms of toxic substances emission of combustion engines

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Jankowski ◽  
Mirosław Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Equivalence Factor ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Toxic Components

Abstract The paper analyses the mechanisms of creation of toxic exhaust gases, which mainly derived from inexact fuel metering and improper air-fuel mixture preparation. The paper describes the process of creating toxic components in the exhaust gases of piston engines during engine operation, and impact on the emission of these components determining the composition of the fuel mixture determined equivalence factor Φ. The principal mechanisms of formation of toxic exhaust gases, in particular nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and also essential according to create each of toxic exhaust gases are the subject of the paper. Moreover, empirical relationships, by means of which it is possible to determine the time of creation of the individual components of toxic exhaust gases, are presented. For example, one of the mechanisms for prompt formation of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons graphic illustration of formation as a function of crank angle is described. At the conclusion, the summary and significance of information on creation mechanisms of toxic components in the exhaust gases of piston engines are presented.

scholarly journals An assessment of shunting work organization in ecological aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1176
Author(s):  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Andrzejewski ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Włodzimierz Stawecki ◽  
Yaroslav Bolzhelarskyi
Keyword(s):  
Work Organization ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Considerations

Effective management of marshalling works requires their appropriate organization. This has its impact not only on economic considerations (including energy consumption), but also ecological (emission of pollutants in exhaust gases). In the article, operational analyzes were made to determine the impact of the use of various wagon management methods on the issue of toxic substances emission via the SM42 locomotive's exhaust system. The locomotive belongs to a group of specialized machines necessary for maneuvering work. It should be noted that vehicles of this type have a significantly different nature of work than locomotives used in personal and freight traffic. A large percentage share is engine work under idling conditions and at low load. The nature of the load is, among other things, the cause of a substantially high concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gases.

scholarly journals Study on Individual PAHs Content in Ultrafine Particles from Solid Fractions of Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Fumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szewczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Pośniak ◽  
Elżbieta Dobrzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Individual Pahs ◽  
Time Determination

In order to characterize PAHs emissions of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and its blend (B20, B40). In the particle phase, PAHs in engine exhausts were collected by fiberglass filters using Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) and then determined by a high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorimetric detector (HPLC-FL). The main content in exhaust gases from diesel engine, regardless the type of applied fuel, is constituted by the particles fraction of diameter <0.25 μm. Particles sized <0.25 μm constituted on average approximately 68% of particles in diesel exhaust gases and approx. 50% of particles emitted by biodiesel B20 and B40. When the B100 bioester additive was applied, the total emission of particles was reduced thus the volume of toxic substances adsorbed on them was lower. The analysis of chemical composition of <0.25 μm exhaust gas fraction showed that there were mainly 3- and 4-ring aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas of diesel fuel while in B40 single PAHs with the number of rings of 4 and 5 were detected. An application of ELPI permitted a further separation of <0.25 μm particle’s fraction and a real-time determination of interalia number, mass, and surface concentrations.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of damage to the injection system on the emission of toxic substances in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Mieczysław DZIUBIŃSKI ◽  
Ewa SIEMIONEK ◽  
Artur DROZD ◽  
Paweł ŻUR ◽  
Michał ŚCIRKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Impact

The article presented analyses the impact of damage to the injection system on the emission of toxic subsumes in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The work focuses on the basic elements of the injection system, which include injectors, throttle position sensor, coolant temperature sensor and lambda sensor. In addition, a catalytic reactor has been included in the context of its direct cooperation with the injection system under set conditions. The toxicity of exhaust gases of different spark-ignition engines fueled with petrol or gas in determined operating conditions using the MAHA MGT5 exhaust gas analyser was tested. The content of toxic substances in the exhaust gases was recorded for the correct settings of the injection system and for the engine working with damage to this system. The tests carried out will allow to assess the impact of the damage of the injection system on the toxicity of exhaust gases.

Development of reference materials with the composition of propyl and isopropyl alcohol solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Irina A. Piterskikh ◽  
Svetlana V. Vikhrova ◽  
Nina G. Kovaleva ◽  
Tatyana O. Barynskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Characteristic Mass

Certified reference materials (CRM) composed of propyl (11383-2019) and isopropyl (11384-2019) alcohols solutions were created for validation of measurement procedures and control of measurement errors of measurement results of mass concentrations of toxic substances (alcohol) in biological objects (urine, blood) and water. Two ways of establishing the value of the certified characteristic – mass consentration of propanol-1 or propanol-2 have been studied. The results obtained by the preparation procedure and comparison with the standard are the same within the margin of error.

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