scholarly journals The collection collection of introduced perennials open ground plants of Polar-Alpine botanical garden

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Ljubov Leonidovna Viracheva ◽  
Oksana Yurevna Nosatenko ◽  
Nadezhla Nikolaevna Trostenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gorina ◽  
I. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
O. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
N. P. Lesnikova-Sedoshenko ◽  
S. N. Chirkov

For the fi rst time, the results of studying of varieties and breeding forms of apricot in the gene pool collection of the Nikita Botanical Garden – the National Scientifi c Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NBS – NSC) (Yalta, Crimea) on the tolerance to the plum Sharka disease – Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), are presented in the article. The collection includes varieties from diff erent ecological and geographical groups that give us the possibility to present an objective comparative assessment of their susceptibility to phytopathogens. Based on long-term monitoring of the apricot orchards on PPV susceptibility in the collection of NBG-NSC, single aff ected plants were discovered and exterminated. Molecular genetic approaches to apricot breeding for tolerance were demonstrated and PPV tolerant genotypes were selected. According to the results of the research, hybridization was carried out. During the entire period of the research, in order to create genotypes tolerant to PPV, 28 738 fl owers were pollinated and 2 908 hybrid seeds were obtained from which plants were grown. Under in situ and in vitro conditions, new breeding forms tolerant to PPV were obtained. The prospect of biotechnological methods usage for inducing the development of hybrid apricot embryos was shown. The conditions for their culture (trophic, hormonal, and physical) were determined, viable seedlings and plants were obtained in vitro and planted for further adaptation ex vitro and to the open ground. New created plants were evaluated and breeding forms were selected, characterized by tolerance to PPV, good fruit quality and high stable yield. Based on the comprehensive studies, two breeding forms of apricot (‘97 -11 ’and ’97-17’) tolerant to PPV and promising for breeding and commercial cultivation were identifi ed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Oxana Alexandrovna Goncharova
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 (03) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Lenvera Tuhvatullina ◽  
Oleg Zhigunov

Abstract. The purpose is to study the phenology, morphometry, reproductive biology, and propagation characteristics of the following species and samples of wild ramson onion: A. microdictyon Prokh. (Bashkir sample), A. victorialis L. (Moscow and Syktyvkar samples), A. ursinum L. (Moscow sample), A. ochotense Prokh. (Syktyvkar and Irkutsk samples). Methods. The study of wild ramson samples was carried out in 2016-2020 under the conditions of the culture in the South-Ural Botanical garden-institute of the UFRC RAS (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe). The study of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development was carried out according to the method of phenological observations by I. N. Beideman and I. V. Borisova. Determination of winter hardiness and resistance to adverse weather conditions, pests and diseases, reproduction coefficient and seed productivity was carried out according to generally accepted recommendations. Results. According to the phenorhythmotype, the studied species are short-growing, spring-early-summer flowering. A. ursinum – ephemeroid, A. microdictyon, A. ochotense and A. victorialis – hemi-ephemeroid. The flowering phase occurs in late May-early June. The duration of flowering of wild ramson samples by year is 13-22 days. Seed maturation occurs in July. A. ursinum vegetation ends in July, the remaining samples-in August. The largest number of fruits and seeds are allocated samples of A. victorialis and A. microdictyon, the smallest – A. ursinum. Samples of A. microdictyon, A. ursinum and A. victorialis have a high percentage of fruit blooming. The weight of 1000 seeds of A. microdictyon is 3.6 g, A. ursinum – 5.9 g, A. victorialis – 6.3–6.7 g, A. ochotense – 7.9–8.5 g. Wild ramson seeds when sown in the open ground do not germinate in the same year: autumn sowing sprouts in 17–18 months, spring – in a year. To accelerate germination, it is recommended to stratify seeds for 2.5–3 months at a temperature of 0–3 °C. Scientific novelty. Research work on the study of wild ramson onions in the region of the Bashkir Cis-Urals has not yet been carried out. These species of onions have a wide resource value, which was caused by the high relevance of these studies.


Author(s):  
T. V. Elisafenko

The article presents an analysis of chromosome numbers in Siberian species of the genus Viola (40 speciesfrom 12 sections) based on numerous literary sources and original data. In addition, hybrid forms from the collection site“Rare and endangered Plant Species” of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (Novosibirsk) were analyzed. Just as theroots of germinated seeds, so the roots of adult plants from an open ground area were studied. Samples of different originswere investigated: Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia, Belarus, Korea, Japan, the Caucasus, in some taxa from remote points ofthe area (for example, V. selkirkii). This allowed us to reveal the variability of the chromosome numbers for some species.Chromosomes in species of this genus are small, 0.8–1.2 mkm long. This involves difficulties to count them. The presenceof mixoploids in some sections and the polybasic state of chromosome numbers for a number of species were established.Polymorphic species in the Violidum section are characterized by polyploid races. The variability of chromosome numbersin taxa reflects their ability to hybridize, as well as the processes of speciation. However, the predominance of autogamy formost species of the genus prevents intensive hybridization. Endemic and tertiary relicts are characterized by a stable number of chromosomes and they are tetraploids.


Author(s):  
V. V. Кrasovsky ◽  
T. V. Cherniak ◽  
V. V. Onipko ◽  
S. V. Hapon

The information about the fruit and medicinal plant passion fruit flesh-red (Passiflora incarnata L.) is given as a potential introducer of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and a species that should replenish the research collection of subtropical fruit crops of the open ground of the Khorol Botanical Garden. The botanical description, bioecological characteristics, nutritional and medicinal properties and the proposed agricultural cultivation techniques are given.


Author(s):  
N. A. Ryazanova

The results of studying maples of the Palmata section in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute are presented. It is established that in the open ground «Japanese maples» do not preserve the natural form of growth; they are in a weakened state of life. The winter hardiness of A. circinatum is III-IV, A. pseudosieboldianum - III, and A. palmatum when sheltering for the winter is II (III) points. In the greening of the region can be used in covered ground conditions; in container culture; in open ground with shelter for the winter A. palmatum , without shelter A. circinatum and A. pseudosieboldianum ; cultivars A. palmatum - only in container culture.


Author(s):  
L. V. Gerasimovich ◽  

The article presents the results of the study of adaptation features in the introduction of the Central Asian species Tulipa tschimganica Botschantz. in the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS. Morphometric changes were found towards a decrease in androceus and an increase in the gynecus of the flower; in leaves and capsule fruit, with a decrease in length, their width increases. When studying the morphology of seeds, both positive and negative correlations between the length of the seed and the size of the embryo were revealed. Correlation analysis showed a moderate or strong effect of some eco-factors on seed productivity and its implementation. The high average percentage of seminification (34%) and seed germination in open ground (up to 61%) allows to characterize this species as viable for the conditions of the city of Novosibirsk.


Author(s):  
И.В. Швец ◽  
Е.В. Колесниченко

Вид Darmera peltata (Torr. еx Benth.) Voss характеризуется широким ареалом интродукции и культивирования во многих странах Западной и Северной Европы как красивоцветущее и декоративно-лиственное растение. Вид D. peltata имеет высокие показатели декоративности, в частности раннее и продолжительное цветение, многочисленные соцветия со светло-розовыми цветами, большие по форме и размерам листья, сохраняющие свою декоративность до заморозков. Усиленный интерес к этому виду связан с его экологической пластичностью: растения могут одновременно расти на затененных, влажных и переувлажненных участках. Введение в культуру растений D. peltata в г. Киеве сдерживают недостаточные сведения о биологической устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным факторам в течение осеннего, зимнего и весеннего периодов. Исследовалась зимостойкость растений D. peltata в условиях интродукции г. Киева. Изучались особенности культивирования растений в условиях открытого грунта. Объектами исследования служили растения D. peltata коллекционного участка Ботанического сада Национального университета биоресурсов и природопользования Украины. Морозостойкость растений D. peltata определяли методом прямого лабораторного промораживания по уровню повреждения корневища. Исследования проведены в лаборатории отдела физиологии растений Института садоводства НААН Украины согласно методике М.А. Соловьевой. Промораживание корней растений проводили при температуре -5, -8, -12 и -16 °С. Определено, что зимостойкость растений D. peltata обусловлена не только генетическими особенностями, но и состоянием подготовленности растений к зимнему периоду (время окончания роста осенью, условия питания растений в течение вегетационного сезона, поражение болезнями и вредителями). Погодные условия осеннего периода г. Киева характерны постепенным сокращением фотопериода и умеренным снижением температуры воздуха, что благоприятно для успешного перехода растений в состояние покоя и накопления ими питательных веществ. В течение зимнего периода не обнаружено таких явлений, как выпревание, вымокание и выпирание растений D. peltata из почвы. Сильные морозы и перепады температур воздуха не причинили существенных повреждений их корневищам, так как температура почвы в этот период оставалась относительно стабильной, обусловленной наличием снежного покрова. Результаты проведения лабораторного промораживания растений D. peltata свидетельствуют об их высокой, фактически потенциальной морозостойкости. Сделан вывод, что условия г. Киева вполне благоприятны для зимования растения D. peltata в открытом грунте. Species of Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss is characterized by a wide areal of introduction and cultivation in many countries of Western and Northern Europe as a beautiful-flowering and decorative foliage plant. Species of D. peltata has high decorative performance, in particular, early and continuous flowering, numerous florets with light pink flowers, large in shape and size leaves that retain their decorative effect until frost. Enhanced interest by this species associated with its ecological plasticity: the plants can grow in the shade, wet and waterlogged areas at the same time. Introduction in culture plants of D. peltata in Kiev is limited by insufficient information about biological resistance of plants to adverse factors during autumn, winter and spring period. The purpose of work was researching the winter reistance plants of D. peltata in introduction conditions of Kyiv and the provisioning of information according to the features of cultivation of plants in open ground conditions. Winter resistance of D. peltata was studied in Kiev, located in the north of Ukraine. The objects of study were plants of D. peltata of the collection area of Botanical Garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Frost resistance plants of D. peltata was determined by direct laboratory freezing the level of damage to the roots. Researches was made in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine according to the method of M.A. Solovieva. Freezing plant roots was carried out at the temperature of -5, -8, -12 and -16 °C. It was determined that the winter resistance plants of D. peltata depends not only on genetic characteristics but also the state of preparing plant to the winter period (the end time of growth in autumn, the conditions of plant food during the growing season, a defeat diseases and pests). The weather conditions of autumn period in Kiev characterized by a gradual reduction of photoperiod and moderate decreasing of air temperature that is favorable to their successful transition to the resting state, and the accumulation of nutrients. Researching the plants of D. peltata during the winter period is not found out such phenomena as the damping-off, waterlogging and bulging the plants from the soil. Heavy frosts and air temperature changes did not cause significant damage to rhizomes of plant D. peltata, as the soil temperature during this period remained relatively stable due to the presence of snow. The results of the laboratory freezing plants of D. peltata show about the high actual and potential frost resistance. That is why, the conditions of Kiev is quite favorable for wintering plants of D. peltata in the open ground.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
L Boyko ◽  
O Shulha

One of the promising areas of landscaping is container. The use of plants in containers in the central part of the city will create landscaping in areas where trees and shrubs cannot be planted directly into the soil. Perspective, in this regard, is the use in landscaping in the frost-free period of tropical and subtropical plants. This method does not solve the problem as a whole, but it can be a great original addition. The aim of this work was to analyze the participation of tropicogenic flora plants in the landscaping of the city of Kryvyi Rih and to identify perspectives for greening of metropolitan species from the collection of tropical and subtropical plants of the Kryvyi Rog Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Surveying of the city's greening showed that the use of subtropical and tropical plants as a container container during the warm period is quite limited, and the single facts of their use in containers are revealed. For these purposes, plants of Chamaerops humilis L., Agave americana L., Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. Et Bonpl. Ex Wild.), Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Baker., Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum', Nerium oleander L. varieties were used. In the presence of extremely rich collections of tropical and subtropical plants in the botanical gardens of Ukraine, there is an opportunity to significantly expand this list. The Kryvyi Rih Botanical Gardens protected soil collection has 988 taxa. Based on study of plant biology, the collection identifies and identifies species that are appropriate for landscaping metropolitan areas by planting them in portable containers, and some of them directly into the soil as accent plants. When selecting plants for landscaping in the open ground it is important to take into account the features of their stay in the winter in the halls or greenhouses (temperature and light modes).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document