Minimal and maximal representation of degressively proportional allocation

Author(s):  
Janusz Lykoa ◽  
Arkadiusz Maciuk
PERENNIAL ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Daud Malamassam

A study on the contribution of community forest to the community income in Tana Toraja Regency was implemented with the aim of identifying the community forest contribution to owners income and formulating the effort that can be carried out for enhancing the contribution. As the result, the community forest contribution to owners income is still very low (2.94% in average). Based on analysis result, the potencial revenue of community forest farming in Tana Toraja Regency can be 2.3 larger than the present obtaining revenue. The mentioned potencial revenue can be more increased by developing a more proportional allocation of the revenue to the related farmers (related communities) Key words : Community forest, contribution, community income, forest product and benefit


2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
C. Kim ◽  
D. Han

The primary objective of this study is to improve the methodology for water allocation focused on efficiency and risk aspects. To attain the primary objective, this study sets up an objective function to maximize social expected benefits, and considers three types of allocation methods. Three types of allocation methods are optimal, proportional, and fixed allocation between regions and service sectors. The results of case study area shows that the fixed allocation method is preferred to the proportional allocation in most cases except that the variance of flow is small with respect to efficiency. Also, efficient and less-risky allocation is simultaneously obtained in some cases, while efficiency and risk show the relation of trade-off in other cases.


2011 ◽  
pp. ---
Author(s):  
Shane Cernele ◽  
Masoud Kamgarpour ◽  
Zinovy Reichstein

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Abd ul Waheed ◽  
Iqra Almas ◽  
Umme Kalsoom ◽  
Laila Shafi ◽  
Kanwal Yasmin

Purpose of the study: This research examines the emerging tendency of brands utilization and its impacts on the life satisfaction of university students. Methodology: It is a quantitative study where a survey research method has been used, and for data collection, the questionnaire has been prepared. Demographic variables like area, age, gender, qualification, and location are also included. A sample of 385 students was selected by using the proportional allocation method. Statistical analysis for data was done through SPSS software. Researchers used a linear regression analysis test to find out the impacts of brand utilization on the life satisfaction of university students. Principal Findings: The findings of the study show that life satisfaction has a significantly negative correlation with brand utilization. Research also indicates that most purchased items were branded clothing and cosmetic products. Application of the study: This paper will be helpful to understand brand utilization and its impacts on youth’s life satisfaction. Novelty/Originality of this study: To analyze the growing tendency of luxury and brands products, researchers determined to check the impacts of branded products on life satisfaction levels. To examine the impacts of brand utilization, this research focused on four Pakistani universities and the life satisfaction level of students has bees examined.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Mirza Andrian Syah ◽  
Mukson Mukson ◽  
Wiludjeng Roessali

Farmers satisfaction in joining Rice Farming Insurance illustrates the program performance. The satisfaction of Rice Farming Insurance program can be measured through some attributes of satisfaction. Satisfaction attributes are assessed ranging from dissatisfied to very satisfied. This research aimed to determine the level of farmer satisfaction on Rice Farming Insurance program. This research was conducted in January – February 2020. Slovin method used for sampling method with total sample of 100 respondent, consist of 53 respondents were taken in Dukuhwaru District and 47 respondents were taken in Warureja District using proportional allocation. Locations in this research was choose with purposive method. Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index were used to analyze. The result showed that Farmers were satisfied with the implementation of the Rice Farming Insurance program with CSI score of 79%. The attributes that need to be improved are the compensation requirements, the amount of coverage, the submission procedure, reviewing, and payment procedure of claims, and the time of approval and payment of claims. Those attributes were considered important by farmers yet still have low performance.  


1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun K. Mal ◽  
Jon Lovett-Doust ◽  
Lesley Lovett-Doust

Clonal growth and reproduction in tristylous Lythrum salicaria L. were examined experimentally, using cloned genotypes of each of the three flower morphs, in field studies involving four moisture and three nutrient treatments. Clonal growth was measured in terms of diameter of clones, number of ramets per clone, and total length of ramets, and an index of reproduction was recorded as the total length of infructescence per clone. Neither clonal growth nor reproduction differed significantly among flower morphs, but both differed significantly as a consequence of both moisture and nutrient treatments. The pattern of seasonal growth indicates that ramet production was restricted mainly to the beginning of the season following vigorous vegetative growth. Although flowering began in June, it was restricted to plants in drier treatments in the water-gradient experiment. Characters intrinsic to tristyly (such as lengths of styles and stamens, and allocation of biomass to stamens and pistil) differed significantly among morphs. Soil moisture levels but not fertilizer treatments significantly affected the size of floral structures and biomass. Although absolute levels of biomass allocation to whole flowers and to attractive structures did not differ significantly among morphs, relative allocation to stamens increased progressively from long morph to mid-morph to short morph, with a corresponding decrease in relative mass of pistil. Although proportional allocation differed significantly among morphs, it was unaffected by moisture treatment, suggesting tight genetic control of herkogamy (spatial separation between anther and stigma). This should maintain the floral polymorphism in different ecological conditions. Key words: Lythrum salicaria, nutrient and water gradients, heterostyly, floral morphometry, floral allocation, clonal growth, sexual reproduction.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Pilar Pineda Ortiz ◽  
Johanna Paola Corrales Morales ◽  
Gilma Hernández Herrera ◽  
Carlos Enrique Trillos Pena ◽  
Diana Corina Zambrano Moreno

Abstract Abstract: Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an infectious disease that mainly affects neonatal piglets with a morbidity rate of 80%–100% and a mortality rate of 50%–90%. Prior to March 2014, PED was an exotic disease in Colombia with no historical epidemiological data and this study was conducted at the beginning of the spread of the virus in the country. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) contamination in pig transportation to slaughterhouses in Colombia through a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 518 pig trucks visiting the 32 main slaughterhouses authorized by the regulatory agency of the govern, the INVIMA. Samples were obtained using proportional allocation stratified sampling of pig trucks entering and leaving slaughterhouses for the diagnosis of PEDV through RT-PCR, as well as conducting a survey of the drivers of the sampled trucks. The sampling was performed from June to November 2014, during the first outbreak. Results: The prevalence of PEDV at the time of entry of the plant was 71.8% (CI 95%: 70.8–72.8) versus 70.5% (CI 95%: 69.5–71.5) on exit (p=0.375). Associated factors found to increase the possibility of contamination included: the type of slaughterhouse either national (OR 15.9, CI 95%: 4.9–51.85) or national–exportation (OR 9.0, CI 95%: 2.20–36.91), the zone of highest slaughter (OR 9.05, CI 95%: 2.9–27.63), the non-exclusive use of vehicles for the transport of pigs (OR 3.75, CI 95%: 1.55–9.08) and visiting animal feed plants (OR 13.5, CI 95%: 4.1–44.12). Factors identified to reduce the possibility of contamination included: the cleaning of vehicles, the use of disinfectants on the vehicle and the exclusive of the vehicle for pig transportation. Conclusions: The results showed that the high degree of truck mobilization, with poor biosafety compliance and dissemination characteristics of the virus, facilitated the spread of PEDV throughout the national territory. These factors contributed to establishing the disease as an endemic problem in Colombia. Keywords: coronavirus, epidemiology, PEDV, prevalence, swine.


Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cegiełka ◽  
Piotr Dniestrzański ◽  
Janusz Łyko ◽  
Arkadiusz Maciuk

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Cernele ◽  
Masoud Kamgarpour ◽  
Zinovy Reichstein

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