Comparision of Snowball Sampling and Sequential Sampling Technique

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply-rooted tradition that affects predominantly regions of Africa and Asia. Because of migration flows, FGM is an issue of increasing concern worldwide. FGM is now carried out in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, and more specifically among immigrant communities from countries where it is common. This study aims to assess the experience, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to FGM of migrant women and men from FGM-affected countries residing in Spain and the United Kingdom. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used. Participants (n=23) were recruited by using the snowball sampling technique until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through 18 open-ended interviews and a focus group. Of the 23 participants, 20 women had undergone FGM. The following five themes were generated from interviews: (a) FGM practice development, (b) knowledge about the practice, (c) reasons for performing FGM, (d) attitudes toward continuing or abandoning the practice, and (e) criminalization of FGM. The study here presented identifies a lack of information, memory, and knowledge about the practice of FGM and typology among women with FGM. The justification of the practice seems to be based on a multifactorial model, where sociocultural and economic factors, sexual factors, hygienic-esthetic factors, and religious-spiritual factors take on a greater role in the analysis of the interviews carried out. The participants practically unanimously agree to advocate the abandonment and eradication of this harmful traditional practice. The knowledge displayed in this study may provide a basis for improving awareness and healthcare in such collectives, aiming the eradication of this harmful traditional practice.

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Intimate Partner Violence and its Mental Health Implications Amid COVID-19 Lockdown: Findings Among Nigerian Couples

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211015213 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110152

Author(s):

Margaret Isioma Ojeahere ◽

Sahmicit Kankemwa Kumswa ◽

Frances Adiukwu ◽

Janet Punyit Plang ◽

Yetunde Folake Taiwo

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Implications

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a global health problem with increasing mental health consequences. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria, couples were compelled to spend more time together, regardless of their pre-existing challenges. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of IPV, its forms, and mental health implications among Nigerian households amid the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study was implemented which used the snowball sampling technique to recruit 474 participants across 31 states in Nigeria. A semi-structured online questionnaire was distributed using the WhatsApp platform. The relationship between IPV, its forms, and associated factors were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression with significant value at p ≤ .05 and confidence interval of 95%. Majority (98.1%) of the participants had at least a college degree and 90.1% were employed. Overall prevalence of IPV ranged from 7.2% to 13.5%. Using the lockdown as the landmark, higher prevalence was found before than during the lockdown across physical, emotional, financial, and sexual forms of IPV. Emotional form had the highest prevalence both before and during the lockdown with 11.4% and 3.8% respectively. Furthermore, 22.6% of participants reported that the lockdown affected their mental health. Hopelessness, feelings of failure, being irritable, and constantly under strain were psychological symptoms significantly associated with IPV amid the lockdown. Decreased prevalence of IPV were found in the early phase of the pandemic, suggesting that couples can experience less partner violence during periods of confinement. Our study supports existing evidence that forms of IPV have negative mental health consequences on abused partners.

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Integrated quality environmental management implementation in food processing SMEs

The TQM Journal ◽

10.1108/tqm-11-2018-0166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 740-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Ali Raza Shah ◽

Khairur Rijal Jamaludin ◽

Hayati Habibah Abdul Talib ◽

Sha’ri Mohd Yusof

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Food Processing ◽

Success Factors ◽

Process Management ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) of integrated quality environmental management (IQEM) and analyze their impact on operational performance (OP) and environmental performance (EP) in food processing Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on collecting data using a survey questionnaire through snowball sampling technique. A total of 302 food processing SMEs operating in Punjab, Pakistan, responded to the survey. SPSS version-23 and SmartPLS-3 were used for data analysis. Findings The literature review identified leadership (LS), employee management (EM), strategic planning (SP), information management (IM), process management (PM), supplier management (SM) and customer focus (CF) as CSFs of IQEM. The results of this study found a significant relationship of all identified CSFs with operational performance in food processing SMEs whereas EM, IM, PM and SM were insignificant with the EP in the food processing SMEs. Research limitations/implications Although this study has collected data from one province, the Punjab province, it still relevant in identifying the CSFs for IQEM implementation within food processing SMEs to improve performance. Originality/value Despite the wide spread of integrated systems practices in the developed countries, little attention has been placed to implement and assess the IQEM initiatives by organizations in the developing countries. Thus, this study identified CSFs of IQEM based on empirical studies and analyzed their impact on OP and EP of food processing SMEs.

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Women’s lives in times of Zika: mosquito-controlled lives?

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00178917 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ana Rosa Linde ◽

Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Well Being ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

International Agencies ◽

The Us ◽

Women's Lives ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

The Impact

Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities. Its consequences to pregnancies has made governments, national and international agencies issue advices and recommendations to women. There is a clear need to investigate how the Zika outbreak affects the decisions that women take concerning their lives and the life of their families, as well as how women are psychologically and emotionally dealing with the outbreak. We conducted a qualitative study to address the impact of the Zika epidemic on the family life of women living in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the US, who were affected by it to shed light on the social repercussions of Zika. Women were recruited through the snowball sampling technique and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. We describe the effects in mental health and the coping strategies that women use to deal with the Zika epidemic. Zika is taking a heavy toll on women’s emotional well-being. They are coping with feelings of fear, helplessness, and uncertainty by taking drastic precautions to avoid infection that affect all areas of their lives. Coping strategies pose obstacles in professional life, lead to social isolation, including from family and partner, and threaten the emotional and physical well-being of women. Our findings suggest that the impacts of the Zika epidemic on women may be universal and global. Zika infection is a silent and heavy burden on women’s shoulders.

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Assistance in family health from the perspective of users

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0104-11692010000300020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Silvana Martins Mishima ◽

Flavia Helena Pereira ◽

Silvia Matumoto ◽

Cinira Magali Fortuna ◽

Maria José Bistafa Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

User Satisfaction ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Family Health ◽

User Interaction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Unit ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Thematic Content Analysis ◽

Empirical Material ◽

Snowball Sampling Technique

This descriptive exploratory study analyzed user satisfaction with the care received at a Family Health Unit in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. In total, 40 users from families registered in the FHU were selected, using key informants and the snowball sampling technique, and interviewed. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the empirical material. Interviewees were mostly female, over 50 years, resident in the catchment area of the unit for 10-30 years, had incomplete primary education and also did not perform work outside the home. The analysis identified three themes: access, team-user interaction and organization of work in the FHU. The subjects of this study expressed satisfaction with the accessibility provided together with the caring attention given to them, marked by a team-user interaction that takes place in a friendly and patience manner. Although not totally satisfied, the majority of users would recommend the health service to someone due to its quality.

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Pengaruh Gaya Hidup dan Kelompok Acuan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Merek Samsung Galaxy

BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) ◽

10.26740/bisma.v6n2.p139-147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Bintang Jalasena Anoraga ◽

Sri Setyo Iriani

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Reference Group ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Virtual Community ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Positive Effect

Recently common phenomenon in all walks of life use smartphones, ranging from a young children to an adults. Samsung Galaxy Smartphone shows a magnificent display, there are a lot of choices they give to us, provide fairly complete applications, and it can reflects an up to date metropolitan lifestyle by using it. This research is a conclusive research. Sample who taken as many as 110 people with snowball sampling technique. Measuring instrument which used is enquette, as well as the the data analyzed with multiple linear regression. The research instrument that used was a questionnaire, and multiple linear regression analysis. This study shows the results, that there is a positive effect between lifestyle and reference group on purchasing decisions towards purchasing decisions Smartphone Samsung Galaxy simultaneously and the dominant effect is the lifestyle variables followed by variable virtual community.

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The Online Learning and Students’ Fear of COVID-19: Study in Malaysia and Pakistan

The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning ◽

10.19173/irrodl.v22i4.5637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Farhat Munir ◽

Aizza Anwar ◽

Daisy Mui Hung Kee

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Social Presence ◽

Process Model ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Online Data ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Cognitive Problem ◽

The Relationship

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced millions of students to stay indoors and adapt to the new normal, namely distance learning at home, placing online learning in the spotlight. However, students’ motivation for online learning and its effectiveness in skill development during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been widely studied. This study examined the relationship between students’ fear of COVID-19 and students’ social presence in online learning while investigating the parallel mediating role of student psychological motivation and cognitive problem-solving skills related to online learning. The participants were 472 university students in Malaysia and Pakistan. An online data collection technique using Google Forms was employed. Faculty members of the universities were asked to share the survey with their students. Moreover, using a snowball sampling technique, students were requested to share the survey with their friends. SPSS Statistics (Version 21) was employed to do preliminary data analysis, AMOS (Version 21) software was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis using a maximum likelihood estimation, and Hayes’ PROCESS model was used to examine proposed hypotheses. The results show that only cognitive problem solving mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and students’ social presence in online learning in Malaysian samples. In Pakistan, cognitive problem solving and psychological motivation mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and students’ social presence in online learning. The study found that developing cognitive problem-solving skills and providing psychological motivation could enhance their engagement with online learning.

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A Study Of Work Ethic And Commitment Of Professional Teachers Advisor at SMA Negeri Kota Manado (2018)

Journal of Educational Method and Technology ◽

10.36412/jemtec.v2i2.1009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Y Taher

Keyword(s):

Work Ethic ◽

National Level ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Mentor Teachers ◽

Professional Commitment ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Main Instrument ◽

Professional Counsellor

The purpose of this research are: 1) to know work ethics counselor from the aspect of implementation of tasks SMA service in Manado City. 2) To know the effort / how to tutor students develop ethics and morals in SMA Negeri Manado. 3) To know professional commitment counselor in the running task in this school . 4) To determine the factors that inhibit a tutor increase work ethic and professional commitments. 5) To know the efforts have been made by a professionals tutor to overcome barriers to the implementation of the ministry in SMA Negeri of Manado City. This research uses qualitative approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The main instrument in qualitative research is that the researchers themselves in the data collection are: 1). Observation 2). Interview, .3). Documentation. Data analysis technique used qualitative analytical technique. Teacher of professional counsellor to overcome barriers to the implementation of the ministry in SMA Negeri Manado? "According to the informant that the effort to overcome the implementation of the ministry in SMA Negeri in Manado City is still limited, namely seminars relating to the program counselling, either at regional and national level. Based on the results of the research and the discussion outlined above, it can be concluded that the work ethic and professional commitment of senior high school mentor teachers are in the category of enough, and who are still low, and each school has a Different obstacles. Keywords: Work Ethic; Commitment; Supervisor; professional.

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