scholarly journals Determining optimum period of withholding irrigation for inducing maturity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) in Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Semu Yetaferu Ashagre ◽  
Yetaferu Ashagre
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Optimum Period

Withholding irrigation before harvesting is important for inducing maturity in sugarcane. The study was carried out to determine the optimum period of withholding irrigation for inducing maturity in sugarcane in southern Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted on two sugarcane varieties, N Co 334 and B 52 298 by five treatments of withholding irrigation periods for 20, 30, 40 50 and 60 days in randomized complete block design at the crop age of 11.3 months during 2014-15. The data on soil moisture content, top to bottom ratio of Brix in cane juice by hand refractometer, Brix, pol, purity and reducing sugars percent juice, and recoverable sugar percent cane, estimated sugar yield were recorded. Error variances for all characters except top to bottom ratio of Brix and reducing sugars in canes in experiments of both varieties were homogeneous and thus the data were also analyzed in split-plot design with varieties as the main plot and withholding irrigation period (WIP) treatments as subplots. The soil moisture percent differed at different WIPs with lowest at WIP for 60 days. Quality characters, top to bottom ratio of Brix in juice, Brix, pol or sucrose, purity, and sugar recovery percent cane increased significantly with the increase in WIPs, being highest at 50 and 60 days. Reducing sugars percent juice declined significantly with lowest at WIPs for 60 days. Estimated sugar yield increased significantly with the maximum at WIP for 50 and 60 days. The optimum period for withholding irrigation was 50 to 60 days for inducing maturity in sugarcane if not offset by rains. It was, therefore, suggestive that the irrigation could be withheld to sugarcane crop of about 12 months for 50 to 60 days but the quality of sugarcane should be determined before harvesting for obtaining maximum sugar yield in southern Ethiopia

scholarly journals Yield and technological performance of sugarcane cultivars grown under Af climate conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Augusto Sousa Miranda ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
Bruno Spacek Godoy ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Almost All

Sugarcane crops are grown in almost all regions of Brazil, in various types of soil and under the influence of different climate conditions, which results in diverse production environments as climate factors directly influence the yield and technological quality of a sugarcane crop. The present study evaluated the agronomic and technological characteristics of sugarcane cultivars grown in Af climate conditions. The agronomic traits (natural matter production and the number, length, and diameter of stalks) and technological attributes (Brix, purity, Pol, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, moisture, and fiber content) of three sugarcane cultivars, IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011, were determined in a three-year experiment with a randomized block design using four blocks and two repetitions per block. The cultivars IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared to RB83-5486, showing better adaptation to the soil and climate conditions of the study area. However, the technological attributes, which were below the minimum standard levels required by the sugar and ethanol industry, were not statistically different among the studied cultivars. The abundant rainfall and high temperatures, characteristics of an Af climate, were not favorable for sucrose accumulation in the IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011 cultivars. Therefore, despite the high yield, sugarcane intended for industrial purposes should not be grown under Af climate conditions, owing to the insufficient technological parameters.

Competition betweenElymus elymoidesandTaeniatherum caput-medusae

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Clausnitzer ◽  
Michael M. Borman ◽  
Douglas E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Two field experiments were conducted from 1993–1994 through 1995–1996 growing seasons in Harney County, OR, to determine the relative competitive abilities ofElymus elymoides(squirreltail) a native perennial range grass, andTaeniatherum caput-medusae(medusahead), an exotic annual grass weed. The 1993–1994 growing season was very dry, 1994–1995 was dry, and 1995–1996 was wetter than average. One experiment tested seedlings vs. seedlings in each of three seasons. The second experiment tested seedlings plus second- and third-year establishedE. elymoidesplants vs. 77caput-medusaeover 2 yr. Biomass, seed production, and soil moisture utilization 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm deep by the two species were measured. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement was used, with 25 2.25-m2plots per block. Initial seeding densities of each species were 0, 10, 74, 550, and 4,074 seeds m−2in all combinations of density. In the seedling vs. seedling experiment, intraspecific competition by 77caput-medusaeon itself was always significant (P ≤ 0.10) for both biomass and seed production. Interspecific competition byE. elymoidesseedlings onT. caput-medusaebiomass and seed production was not significant (P ≥ 0.10) in 2 of 3 yr and was always less than intraspecific competition by 77caput-medusae. Only 0.4% ofE. elymoidesseed germinated, and no seed was produced in the very dry first year, but 84% of remaining seed was viable for the next year, which had better moisture conditions for germination and establishment. Interspecific competition affected (P ≤ 0.10)E. elymoidesseedling biomass and seed production throughout the study. Intraspecific competition affected (P ≤ 0.10) seedlingE. elymoidesseed production in the dry year but not in the wetter than average year. In the matureE. elymoidesexperiment, intraspecific competition byT. caput-medusaeon weight and seed production per plant was greater than interspecific competition fromE. elymoides. Seedling/matureE. elymoidesreducedT. caput-medusaeweight per plant in the dry year but the effect was not biologically significant. Larger, matureEelymoidesplants produced 600 to 3,000 seeds per plant during the wet year; neither intra- nor interspecific competition was a factor.Taeniatherum caput-medusaewas better able to access deeper soil moisture and was more aggressive at extracting soil moisture than wereE. elymoidesseedlings in the wet year. Cold soils and low oxygen due to wet soils may have restrictedE. elymoidesseedling root activity. MatureE. elymoidesplants did not appear restricted by cold soils or low oxygen. Established second- and third-yearE. elymoidesplants were able to compete for soil moisture down to 45 cm. The generally greater interspecific competitive effects ofT. caput-medusaeonE. elymoidesthan vice versa suggested that it will be difficult to establish anE. elymoidesstand in an existingT. caput-medusaecommunity without first suppressingT. caput-medusae. IndividualE. elymoidesplants did establish and were productive with and withoutT. caput-medusaecompetition.

scholarly journals Potential of Cultivating Dry Season Maize along a Hydrological Gradient of an Inland Valley in Uganda

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Alibu ◽  
Neuhoff ◽  
Senthilkumar ◽  
Becker ◽  
Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Inland Valley

Inland valley wetlands with higher soil moisture than surrounding uplands offer a yet unexplored opportunity for increasing maize production in East Africa. For three consecutive years, we conducted field experiments to assess the potential of an inland valley in Central Uganda for producing dry season maize. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments including farmer’s practice, unfertilized control, organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at high and low rates. These were repeated four times at each of the three hydrological positions of the inland valley (fringe, middle, and center). The maize grain yield of 3.4 t ha–1 (mean across treatments and years) exceeded the national yield average by 42%. High and sustained soil moisture in the center position of the inland valley was associated with the highest grain yields irrespective of the year. Due to soil moisture deficit in the fringe and middle hydrological positions, grain yields were not only lower but also highly variable. Intensive manuring with a combination of green and poultry manure produced high yields that were comparable to those with mineral fertilizers (both at 120 kg N ha–1). Lower amounts of either mineral or organic fertilizer (60 kg N ha–1) provided no yield gain over the unfertilized control. Inland valley wetlands, thus, offer promise for farmers to harvest an additional maize crop during the dry season, thus contributing to farm income and regional food security.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of in-situ rainwater harvesting techniques on maize production in moisture stress areas of humbo woreda, wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
W Naba ◽  
A Moges ◽  
A Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Harvesting Techniques

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different in-situ water harvesting structures as soil moisture conservation techniques under maize crop production in Abela Sippa kebele Wolaita zone, Ethiopia where rainfall variation is affecting agriculture with prolonged dry spells during critical crop growth stages. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications and four treatments. The four treatments used in the study were; Control, Targa, Tie-ridge and Zai pits. Findings from this study revealed that maize grain yield and yield components, such as, grain yield, dry matter biomass, and cob length were highly significant (p<0.05) on Targa. Soil-moisture content over the crop growing season at dry spell periods was significantly higher in Targa and Tie ridges than the control. Maize yield of (7150 kg ha-1), (6190 kg ha-1), (4500 kg ha-1) and (4900 kg ha-1) was obtained from Targa, Tie ridge, Zai pits and Control, respectively. Targa and Tie ridge treatments recorded higher net returns (29712 and 25164 kg ha-1) than Control (20370 kg ha-1) and Zai (14350 kg ha-1) treatments. The results revealed that the in-situ rainwater harvesting techniques could play great role in improving crop yield in dry periods. However, the utilization of the technology is surrounded by various constraints. The major constraints include labour, cost, lack of knowledge and crops planted on bunds. The findings suggest that Targa structure improved water availability during the growing season, thereby protecting crops from dry periods and it needs minimum cost, less labor power ,and easily constructed by local farmers (not require complicated knowledge). Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 71-79, June 2020

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting Ages on Yield and Yield Components of Sugar Cane Varieties Cultivated at Finchaa Sugar Factory, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gemechis Dugasa Urgesa ◽  
Ebisa Olika Keyata
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Cane Quality

This study was initiated with the objective of determining the effect of different harvesting ages (12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 months) on yield and yield components of selected the two sugar cane varieties (B52/298 and NCo 334) grown in Finchaa sugar factory, Oromia, Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Finchaa sugarcane plantation using a randomized complete block design of a factorial arrangement of 2 × 5 with three replications. The data were performed using SAS version 9.3, and a significant difference was considered at p ≤ 0.05 . The results showed that B52/298 variety had a higher estimated recoverable sucrose than NCo 334 variety. The results also indicated that as harvesting ages increase yield, yield components of sugar cane quality are increased. The maximum sugar yield of 1.89-ton ha-1 month-1 was obtained at the harvesting age of 15 months. There was a significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) between harvesting age and sugarcane varieties on cane yield, sugar yield, brix percent juice, pol percent, and recoverable sugar. Generally, the findings imply that as harvesting ages in month increase, brix percent juice, estimated recoverable sucrose, and sucrose percentage in both varieties were simultaneously increased. The findings suggested that B52/298 sugar cane variety with harvesting age between 14 and 16 is highly recommended to obtain optimum sugar cane yield and yield components at the tropical areas of Finchaa sugar factory.

scholarly journals Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI ◽  
BUDI SANTOSO ◽  
AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Early Ripening

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield.<br />Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum</p><p> </p><p>PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOON</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Tingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.</p><p>Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinarum</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties for Moisture Stress Areas in Humbo District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Senapathy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Varieties

Maize is a priority crop to farmers because it is a staple food in many rural communities of the southern region. It is widely grown in the various parts of the southern region, from lowland to mid-highlands. On the other hand, moisture stress is one of the most critical production constraints of maize in low to intermediate agroecology. Thus, developing maize varieties tolerant to moisture is of paramount importance to sustain maize production in moisture areas. In this context, field experiments were conducted during 201617 croppings at Kindo Koyisha and Humbo to select adaptable maize varieties for moisture stress areas with reasonable grain yield. Treatments used in this study were eight maize varieties (BH546, BH547, Gibe II, MH130, Melkasa IV, MH140, Melkasa II, and Melkasa 6Q) and three local cultivars (Local red, Local mixed, and Local white) of the total of eleven maize genotypes were evaluated at two moisture-prone areas in southern Ethiopia. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Maize varieties exhibited different performances at two tested locations. The varieties had the relatively superior performance of Kindo Koyisha as compared to Humbo. The Humbo varieties MH140, MH130, BH546, and Melkasa IV, have yielded relatively higher grain than the rest of the areas. At the same time, the Kindo Koyisha maize varieties expressed relatively better performance concerning grain yield. It has been recorded that the varieties with superior performance with sounding grain yield were BH546, MH140, BH547, and MH130 in these locations. Based on this result, BH546, MH140, and MH130 could be used at both locations. Moreover, BH547 at Bale and Melkasa IV at Humbo also be used in respective locations for production.

scholarly journals Effect of Time of Sugarcane Harvest on Sucrose Content and Sugar Yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
S. Alers-Alers ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Designs ◽  
Plant Crop

Twelve field experiments with six sugarcane varieties were planted in randomized block designs at four locations (three experiments in each area). One at each location was planted in January; the second in March; and the third in May. Results were pooled and analyses of variance performed, irrespective of location, for sucrose content, and cane and sugar yield per acre of th e plant crop, the ratoon crop, and the combined plant crop-ratoon crop. These analyses indicated that for harvesting at 12 months, cane harvested in mid-March was higher in sucrose content and yielded more cane and sugar than that harvested in mid-January or mid-May.

Effect of Harvest Time on Quality of Sugar Cane Cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yirsaw ◽  
K. Woldetsadik ◽  
T.S. Workneh
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Stalk Diameter

Three commercial sugarcane varieties such as NCO-334, B52-298 and N14 were grown at Finchaa Cane Plantation, Ethiopia to determine the optimum harvest age for cane and sugar yields. Treatments consisted of factorial combination of varieties and five levels of harvest age were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The varieties differed in stalk diameter and weight, and millable stalk number. Improvements in internodes number, stalk diameter and weight were increased with harvest age whereas internodes length and millable stalk number decreased with delay in harvesting. Varieties produced better juice quality in canes harvested at 17 months. NCO-334 attained its peak superior quality at the age of 15 months. This preliminary data on some indicator quality parameters imply that NCO-334 could be harvested at 15 months age in order to maximize sugar yield. However, more experiments are required to confirm the effect of harvesting time and variety on cane and sugar yield. Therefore, more research on detecting other quality parameters focusing on cane and sugar yield is recommended.

scholarly journals Industrial characteristics of sugarcane varieties under semi-arid conditions and different irrigation depths

2019 ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Polliana Basilia Santana, Ignacio Aspiazu ◽  
D.T. Pinheiro, M.F.F. Xeira, H.C. dos Santos Junior ◽  
Édio Luiz da Costa ◽  
Marcos Koiti Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Sugarcane quality for industry directly depends on irrigation, especially in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the technological performance for industry of six sugarcane varieties at five irrigation depths. Sugar-cane Brix and Pol%, juice Brix and Pol%, fiber, purity, reducing sugars and total sugars were evaluated 11 months after planting. The experiment was conducted in Brazil, in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais state. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a subdivided parcel scheme (6 x 5) and four repetitions. Different irrigation depths did not affected Brix. The cultivar RB83-5486 presented the highest value for juice Pol%, among the evaluated varieties. Juice Pol% and sugar-cane Pol% presented similar behavior, and displayed the highest values at the 1081 mm irrigation depth. In general, the analyzed varieties presented low fiber content. All the analyzed varieties surpassed 80% purity. The highest irrigation depths enhanced purity. The highest value was obtained at the 1081 mm depth. Decreased reducing sugars and increased total reducing sugars were observed at the highest depths and the highest accumulation was found at the 1081 mm depth. As conclusion for industrial characteristics, the irrigation presented potential to enhance the technological performance of sugarcane in semi-arid conditions. Considering the technological performance for industry, the cultivar RB83-5486 has good potential to be used under the studied conditions. When higher levels of fiber and reduced sugars are desired, lower irrigation depths are recommended.

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