scholarly journals Decentralized issues in bitcoin blockchain and Nakamoto monetary rule

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Unkovska Tetiana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spline Function ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Monetary Economics ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Maximal Volume ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Monetary Rules

The paper is devoted to studying the bitcoin blockchain as a new global phenomenon in monetary economics, which requires comprehending from the economic theory view - a self-regulating system of decentralized emission without participation of a central monetary authority. Mathematical modelling is the instrument of this studying. The author has analyzed the Bitcoin system parameters that determine dynamics of a self-regulating emission mechanism. This mechanism operates in a peer-to-peer computer network and provides a smooth increasing of the "money supply" with a gradually decreasing rate of growth. The limit of this growth is determined by maximal volume 21 million BTC. Self-regulation is implemented through negative feedback between changes of control parameters (the target interval for the hash function values and the Bitcoin Difficulty level) and the speed of mining process. Control parameters depend on the real speed deviations from the target value. This mechanism provides a stable mining speed and determines annual rate of emission. The author suggests a spline-function for describing the annual rate of the cryptocurrency emission in accordance with the Proof-of-Work protocol in the Bitcoin blockchain algorithm. This spline-function gives possibility to find a monetary rule for annual rate of emission. The author in the paper proposes to call this monetary rule by the name of the Bitcoin system inventor - Nakamoto Monetary Rule. The Nakamoto Monetary Rule could be seen as the first example of a programmable monetary rule of the decentralized emission algorithm on the basis of blockchain technology. Central banks could use a similar approach, with the necessary modifications, to develop their programmable monetary rules for Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) emission based on DLT or blockchain technology

E-biomedical: a positive prospect to monitor human healthcare system using blockchain technology

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubal Jeet ◽  
Sandeep Singh Kang
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Human Healthcare

Purpose The purpose of this research is to eliminate the problems like modification of data related to patient without patient’s consent, management of patient's profile and any type of miscommunication between the specialist. Design/methodology/approach A novel approach is designed to overcome the problem of disease overlapping. To this end, Blockchain technology is utilized due to its numerous benefits. Findings The simulation of the model is done in R-studio, and the results are determined for the difficulty level in terms of time taken to create specific block. The outcome showed the effectiveness of the proposed Blockchain technology. Originality/value The approach discussed in this article is a novel approach that shows the effectiveness of Blockchain technology with modification of patients’ data without his/her will, management of patient profile with latest data, and elimination of any type of miscommunication between the specialists.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Cognitive Compromise during Physical Exercise on Self-Regulation in Early Childhood Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9325
Author(s):  
Nuria Ureña ◽  
Noelia Fernández ◽  
David Cárdenas ◽  
Iker Madinabeitia ◽  
Francisco Alarcón
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Self-regulation (SR) in pre-schoolers is a strong predictor of different aspects of mental health and wellbeing. However, SR only recently has been examined concerning physical activity and its effects on cognitive performance. In the present study, 49 preschool children aged 4–5 years were submitted to classroom movement breaks (CMBs) of 15-min with different degrees of difficulty. Before beginning the intervention, SR (i.e., head, toes, knees and shoulders test, HTKS) and skill levels were assessed for tasks demand adjustment to individual resources and the counterbalanced assignment of the participants to the groups. Similarly, after the intervention, the performance on the HTKS was re-evaluated. There was a general intervention effect on the SR of pre-schoolers, regardless of the difficulty level of the task [F (3) = 11.683, p-value < 0.001, η2p = 0.438]. Nevertheless, it seems that only when CMBs stimulate the children cognitively with optimal difficulty, is it possible to obtain benefits. We recommend providing teachers with professional support when implementing physical activity breaks in their daily program to generate an individualized level of cognitive load that would allow children to reach the optimal challenge point.

scholarly journals BLOCKCHAIN AND DECENTRALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions

The article deals with the problem of the influence of information technologies, in particular, Blockchain on the transformation of social relations, especially on the production of knowledge. The influence of the Blockchain technology on the transformation of the knowledge infrastructure and social institutions is analyzed. The possibilities of a decentralized model of the Blockchain to achieve social consensus, the realization of freedom, equality are problematized. It is noted, as at the expense of the built-in system of algorithms of self-regulation, opportunities for social self-management, circulation and renewal of knowledge, which allows to form a new knowledge economy. It is indicated how the Blockchain’s decentralization allows to eliminate the mediation of bureaucratic institutions, stimulating development, creating conditions for the configuration of knowledge that correspond to the latest interdisciplinary knowledge processes.

scholarly journals D-RAM Distribution: A Popular Energy-Saving Memory Mining Blockchain Technology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Jing
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology

<p>Cryptocurrencies have been a massive surge since last decade leads to blockchain technology steps in epical milestone. Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. Bitcoin, as a critical role in cryptocurrency system is known as a typical blockchain, maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions. The value and advantage of blockchain technology has been acknowledged by the public and applied in difference areas. The defect of blockchain technology is gradually revealed. Excessively wasting electricity have severely affect the utilities usage in many countries. Therefore, DRD Memory Mining is developed to solve the defects. This article illustrates the algorithm of DRD Memory Mining and how the memory consensus mechanism works.</p>

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN PADA EQUITY CROWDFUNDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Febrian Reza Hermawan ◽  
Maukar Maukar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Equity Crowdfunding ◽  
High Level

Layanan urun dana atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah equity crowdfunding adalah salah satu mekanisme pengumpulan dana yang saat ini mulai banyak dilakukan di Indonesia.Equity Crowdfunding merupakan alternatif pengumpulan dana untuk suatu project yang bersifat profit maupun non profit. Equity Crowdfunding banyak diminati saat ini disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor pendukungnya, yaitu pemerataan Internet yang sudah banyak meluas hingga ke industri-industri kecil dan menengah dan juga teknologi komputer yang berkembang begitu pesat sekali. Blockchain adalah salah satu teknologi komputer yang saat ini juga sedang banyak diterapkan diberbagai negara temasuk Indonesia. Teknologi ini adalah salah satu teknologi yang merupakan pemecah permasalahan pencatatan transaksi dan juga memilikitingkat kepercayaan yang cukup tinggi karena konsepnya yang menggunakan konsep decentralisasi yang bisa diartikan tidak ada pihak yang secara khusus mengelola data karena datanya disimpan diberbagai tempat yang ada pada jaringan komputer. Konsep ini merupakan konsep yang dapat dikatakan aman karena keterbukaan merupakan kunci utama dari adanya konsep ini sehingga tidak ada pihak-pihak yang dapat memanipulasi data yang berjalan. Kepercayaan merupakan faktor penting dalam menerapkan konsep Equity Crowdfunding ini karena layanan ini harus memastikan keabsahan pihak yang terlibat yaitu Investor dan Perusahaan sehingga teknologi Blockchain ini dapat dipadukan dengan Equity Crowdfunding. Crowdfunding services, or better known as equity crowdfunding, is a fundraising mechanism that is currently being implemented in Indonesia. Equity Crowdfunding is an alternative to raising funds for a project that is profit or non-profit. Equity crowdfunding is in great demand today due to its supporting factors, namely the distribution of the Internet which has spread to small and medium-sized industries as well as computer technology which is developing very rapidly. Blockchain is a computer technology that is currently being widely applied in various countries including Indonesia. This technology is a technology that solves the problem of recording transactions and also has a high level of trust because the concept uses the concept of decentralization, which means that no party specifically manages data because the data is stored in various places on the computer network. This concept is a concept that can be said to be safe because openness is the main key to this concept so that no party can manipulate the running data. Trust is an important factor in implementing the Equity Crowdfunding concept because this service must ensure the validity of the parties involved, namely Investors and Companies so that Blockchain technology can be combined with Equity Crowdfunding.

scholarly journals Application of Blockchain Technology in Smart Contracts: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Zaleha Fauziah ◽  
Haznah Latifah ◽  
Xavier Omar ◽  
Alfiah Khoirunisa ◽  
Shofiyul Millah
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Health History ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
Patient Health

Associated with the current development of the emergence of many technologies that have increased in the world, especially in industry, one of which is the blockchain which is a new technology that is undergoing drastic density, this technology has data that is difficult to manipulate so that the blockchain has data security very trusted, and every record of all the contents of the transaction data can be known from one server to another server so that both parties know each other what the activities are carried out. The recording of transactions in this blockchain technology is connected in one block that is secured directly by a computer network, the blockchain itself has several applications such as Cryptocurrency or can also be called digital currencies, and Smart Contracts. This Smart Contracts is an application owned by blockchain technology that carries out an agreement or digital agreement in the computer program code that is entrusted by both parties stored in the blockchain database, so that it cannot be changed by anyone or the help of other parties, then no longer needed entities that can be trusted in using Smart Contracts. These Smart Contracts help to process the exchange of money, shares and property. Currently there are many industries that use Smart Contracts, such as the business industry that records financial services, the health industry which records data on patient health history, even the insurance and government industries also use Smart Contracts, therefore the existence of Smart Contracts is useful to avoid an intermediary service so that a transaction process will be trtransparent.

scholarly journals Decentralizing Finance via Cryptocurrencies and Tokenization of Assets and Peer-to-Peer Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hazik Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Digital Money

The rationale behind this research is to demonstrate the tokenization effects of the blockchain on all types of assets, and how blockchain technology might improve the way we view digital exchange and use digital money. The finance industry is progressing towards innovative solutions, capable of dealing with traditional problems and of increasing efficiency, sustainability and accountability. This progression may also address market failures within the economy. In our conceptual chapter, we provide a short discussion of the decentralization of finance and where we are today. We begin with the fundamentals of money and the evolution of cryptocurrency issuance from ICOs to STOs then to stablecoins like CBDCs. We then examine the concept of tokenizing various types of assets and deliberate on a conceptualization of a tokenized capital markets trading platform. To clarify tokenization and its benefits, we provide an example on the tokenization concept for agriculture and livestock in raising capital for small farms. Finally, we conclude discussions on concerns for privacy and security which emphasizes on self-governance, self-regulation and cybersecurity measures.

scholarly journals A Route to Commons-Based Democratic Monies? Embedding the Governance of Money in Traditional Communal Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Barinaga
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Many ◽  
Communal Institutions ◽  
Monetary Rules

The financial crisis of 2008 resulted, among other, on a popular awareness that the monetary system was not working for the interest of the many. The blockchain technology that was launched soon after offered monetary activists and entrepreneurs a tool to re-imagine, re-claim and re-organize money along a vague ideal of a commons paradigm. A wave of monetary experimentation ensued that took a most concrete form in two entrepreneurial spaces: crypto-currencies with global ambitions and local currencies based on communal democracy. Seemingly distinct on the outset, both strands share a determination to develop a monetary system that serves the many. This has led participants on both sides to reach out toward each other. The article looks at one such attempt: the Sarafu community crypto-currencies in Kenya. These currencies are embedding the creation of money in traditional community savings groups. Using Eleanor Ostrom’s framework and building on interview and ethnographic material, the article identifies the economic logic of mutualization proper of the savings groups as one that transforms private assets (one’s savings) into a financial commons for the group. To build on this logic, the Sarafu model in-the-making is embedding the production and governance of the new community cryptocurrencies in these saving groups. In that doing, Sarafu has the potential to advance a new architecture of money. However, findings suggest that the standardization and automation of the new monetary rules through smart contracts impose neoliberal ideas that slipped into the code, risking the erosion of the very communal decision-making processes that made savings groups interesting anchors of a money commons in the first place.

scholarly journals Blockchain as a Type of Distributed Ledger Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koteswara Rao Ballamudi
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Level ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) that stores data (usually immutable and sequenced transaction records) in a decentralized way through cryptography and consensus algorithms. The first widely recognized implementation of the blockchain took place in 2009 on the Bitcoin public blockchain. Since then, other types of blockchain have been developed for a wide range of applications and features built on common principles such as decentralization, encryption, consensus, and immutability. In particular, blockchain technology is most widely used in transaction settlement and digital currency banks and the financial sector, as well as in supply chain applications that help participants solve problems quickly and efficiently. Other use cases continue to be developed. As a form of information management, blockchain and related DLTs offer advantages over traditional databases and may help develop certain new technologies such as the Internet of Things. Blockchain regulation is currently restricted at the international and federal levels, but state-level legislation provides support and awareness of aspects of blockchain technology. Most of the current regulations are in the form of self-regulation by blockchain developers and related communities, but many challenges and risks such as data privacy and security need to be addressed in the near future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document