Ethical and Regulatory Challenges of Emerging Health Technologies

The advances in biotechnology and computer and data sciences opened the way for innovative approaches to human healthcare. Meanwhile, they created many ethical and regulatory dilemmas such as pervasive global inequalities and security and risk to data privacy. The assessment of health technology is a systematic multidisciplinary process that aims to examine the benefits and risks associated with its use including medical, social, economic, and ethical impacts. It is used to inform policy and optimize decision-making. The advance of technology is creating significant challenges to healthcare regulators who strive to balance patient safety to fostering innovation. The FDA and EMA are modernizing their regulatory approaches to foster innovation in digital technology and improve safety and applicability to patients. On the other hand, data analytic technologies have been introduced into regulatory decision processes.

Human allergy to cats: A review for veterinarians on prevalence, causes, symptoms and control

Practical relevance: Human allergy to cats affects a substantial and growing proportion of the global population, and cat allergy is regarded as the third most common cause of human respiratory allergies, and the second most common indoor cause. Veterinarians will frequently encounter owners who are cat-allergic, and having an understanding of this disease and the methods available to help control the allergy will assist them in giving appropriate advice, alongside human healthcare professionals. Aim: The aim of this review is to summarise currently available data on the prevalence, causes, symptoms and control of human allergy to cats. In terms of managing cat allergy, the emphasis is on reviewing current and emerging modalities to reduce environmental exposure to cat allergens rather than on pharmacotherapy or immunotherapy, as it is in these areas in particular that the veterinarian may be able to offer help and advice to complement that of human healthcare professionals. Evidence base: The information in this review is drawn from the current and historical literature on human allergy to cats, and approaches to reduce exposure to cat allergens and manage symptoms of cat allergy.

Medical Hegemony and Healthcare: Centrality in Healthcare

Better human healthcare is achieved by increasing the fair use and accessibility of medical information. While this optimism is believed, real-world healthcare can be severely affected by the knowledge and context shared in the healthcare industry and academia. Through the sharing process, the central perception gains consensus in the industry and academic societies and standardized therapies are unified and spread quickly. In this way, mainstreamers’ contexts quickly become standardized. Consequently, the mainstream has hegemony and can be strengthened. Mainstreamers neglect any information different from standardized knowledge and therapy. It is universally known that hegemony stabilize its position by undermining the fair use and accessibility of information. The use of patterned knowledge facilitates the utility of medical information. Smart ICT seems to realize the smart use of medical information in our daily lives as well as professional exercises. The method to eliminate such evils and realize true health care is required. The fair use and accessibility contribute to the utility of medical knowledge to end-users. The effect and influence of the commons of information are shown as a solution to eliminating adverse events caused by the hegemonic mainstream. As the most effective means in the coming digital healthcare era, this paper shows the following three points. (1) Allow commons of information to enable fair use and search of information. (2) The commons of information release the cognitive bias set by the measure. (3) By creating such a new theory, we will develop a new field called healthcare digital management and/or healthcare digital economics.

Cardiorespiratory Effects of Three Infusion Doses of Adenosine in Conscious Goats: A Preliminary Study

Adenosine (AD) has been implicated in human healthcare as an endogenous signaling nucleotide in both physiologic and pathologic states. The effects of AD on cardiorespiratory parameters in ruminants has not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiac and respiratory changes that resulted from an intravenous AD infusion in goats. Six clinically healthy adult goats weighing 28 ± 2 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a crossover design with a seven day washout period. The goats received a 0.9 % saline solution (SAL treatment) and three AD treatments (AD 50, 100 and 200) intravenously at a dose rate of 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg/min. Cardiorespiratory and key cardiac parameters were measured before the treatment (baseline), during the infusion (dInf) and at 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after each infusion was discontinued. The AD 100 produced a significant increase in HR (p = 0.001) and the AD 200 resulted in significant rises in HR (p = 0.006) and RR (p = 0.001) compared with the baseline. This study concluded that the AD infusion could trigger an increase in HR and RR in a dose-dependent manner in healthy goats.

A survey of Chinese pig farms and human healthcare isolates reveals separate human and animal MRSA populations

There has been increasing concern that the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming is contributing to the burden of antimicrobial resistance in people. Farmed animals in Europe and North America, particularly pigs, provide a reservoir for livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA, ST398) found in people. This study was designed to investigate the contribution of MRSA from Chinese pig farms to human infection and carriage. A collection of 603 S. aureus were isolated from 55 pig farms and 4 hospitals (MRSA= 285, 198; MSSA= 50, 70) in central China, a high pig farming density area, during 2017-2018. CC9 MRSA accounting for 93% of all farm MRSA isolates, while no was found in hospitals. ST398 isolates were found on three farms (n = 23) and three hospitals (n = 12). None of the ST398 from this study belong to the livestock clade of the LA-MRSA commonly found in Europe and North America. The hospital ST398 MRSA isolates formed a clade that was clearly separate from the farm ST398 MRSA and MSSA isolates, and all possessed human immune evasion cluster genes which were absent from all the pig farm ST398 isolates. Despite the presence of high levels of MRSA found on Chinese pig farms we found no evidence of them spilling over to the human population. Nevertheless, the ST398 MRSA obtained from human samples appear to be part of a widely distributed lineage in China. And the new animal adapted ST398 lineage that emerged in China should also be alarmed.

Challenges and issues in the development of the human healthcare system

The social health care system is a single-stop solution for overseas patients seeking worldwide. Human is linked to globally certified healthcare companies, clinics, dental centers, and allows patients to access the best medical care. The significant challenges in developing the human healthcare system include efficiency, security, and sustainable medical devices linked to the Internet. A healthcare system usually includes different intelligent technologies from various disciplines. This manuscript proposed a Virtual reality-based Integrated delivery model (VRIDS) for the healthcare system to minimize the challenges. This paper uses Exclusive Provider Organizations’ methods, Point-of-Service methods, for developing the human health system. VRIDS provides a Higher quality of care with more efficiency in tracking the body’s movements to view the human’s inner body and allow an immersion sensation. Finally, results from various patients and doctors are highly recommended in these techniques to improve the human healthcare system and a cost-effective system and convenience to patients and doctors. The experimental results have been performed, and the suggested VRIDS model enhances the accuracy ratio of 97.8%, sensitivity ratio of 98.2%, decision-making level 96.5%, network performance ratio of 97.1%, and quality of service of 98.3% compared to other existing methods.

Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. - A Review of its Medicinal Effects on Human Healthcare System

A current revision based on medicinal effects on the human healthcare system regarding Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. herb comes under the family Sapindaceae and frequently known as Balloon vine. It can be seen in tropical and subtropical areas mostly. Mainly used for rheumatism treatment for several centuries. Other than rheumatism treatment, it is widely used to treat snakebite and stiffness of limbs. Ayurvedic form of medicine and folk form of medicine was prepared from this herb and also widely used. From various parts especially the root, stem, leaves, and seed of this herb contains plenty of bioactive compounds and widely used as food and medicine to cure lots of disorders. Ethanolic extract and alcoholic extract of various part of this herb are used for many pharmacological activities like antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties, to treat ethanol induce gastric ulcer in rats, protective role against STZ induced diabetic rats, and fertility of male rats using leaf extract, the antiparasitic activity of extract using in vivo method, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by ex vivo and in vivo method, etc. Different evaluation of this herb is done for controlled toxicity and deterioration regarding quality to ensure safety for the usage of this herb in the form of medicines can be taken into consideration for upcoming researchers to develop and apply different methods based on the separation of bioactive compounds for the treatment of different disorders.