scholarly journals Bowels of the earth – natural physical-chemical reactor: is the search for natural methane a fundamental science or a technical problem?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (181) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Yosyp SVOREN
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Hydrocarbon Synthesis ◽  
Physical Chemical

It is shown that the hypothesis of organic origin of hydrocarbons doesn’t respond to the presence of a dominant concentration of methane in sediments, deposits, “shale’ series and so on, hence prospecting and exploration for hydrocarbon deposits in them are conducted in most cases intuitively, but not on the fundamental scientific basis. Experimental studies based on the heating of slightly modified organic matter (peat) show that up to 200 °C in the process of its decomposition the following gases were delivered (vol. %): CO2 = 49.5; H2O = 49.3; CH4, C2H6, C3H8, N2, H2, SO2, H2S within 1.2 % in total. It is confirmed that there is no coal methane, there is no shale gas-methane, but there is methane of one genesis with slightly different isotope composition of carbon, but synthesized according to the same mechanism in the high-thermobaric processes that after migration into the earth’s crust accumulated in the form of deposits in cavities of coal seams, terrigenous units, sandstones and so on. Prospecting for pool-deposits of hydrocarbons should be carried out in conformity with developed “new technology of determination of prospects for oil and gas presence in the local area”, “physical-chemical model of synthesis of hydrocarbons and the way of geochemical searching for their occurrences”, “new theory of hydrocarbon synthesis and genesis in the earth’s lithosphere: abiogenic-biogenic dualism”.

Calculation of Technical Characteristics of the Technical Fleet Vessels Involved in Ensuring Safety of the Offshore Facilities of Oil and Gas Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S.V. Matsenko ◽  
◽  
V.M. Minko ◽  
A.A. Koshelev ◽  
V.Yu. Piven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Sea Area

Violation of industrial safety rules during the operation of offshore facilities for the production, storage and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials leads in the most cases to pollution of the marine environment with oil and its components. The works on localization and elimination of such pollution are carried out with the help of vessels of the technical support fleet and booms. When developing oil spill response plans at such facilities, a calculated determination of the technical characteristics of vessels and booms is required that are sufficient to carry out the planned activities. The basic design principles for determining the towing capacity of the technical fleet vessels involved in the localization and elimination of oil and oil product spills by trawling methods are given in the article. The calculation is based on theoretical studies performed by the authors of the physical processes occurring during the movement of objects of a mobile trawling order in the sea area. The results obtained during the course of theoretical studies were confirmed by the experimental studies carried out by the authors personally using the real pieces of equipment in the actual development of tasks for training spill containment by trawling. As a result, the empirical dependencies were obtained and experimentally confirmed, which can be used to calculate technical characteristics of the ships as part of the mobile orders and anchor systems as part of stationary orders intended for the localization and elimination of oil pollution. These results can be used, among other things, for the calculated substantiation of the technical characteristics of the technical fleet vessels designed to ensure safety of the offshore facilities for production, storage, and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials.

Results of experimental studies of changes in the level and heating of the main condensate in mixing-type LPH

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
E. A. Sukhorukova ◽  
N. N. Trifonov ◽  
S. P. Kolpakov
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Heating Section ◽  
Hydraulic Shocks

In the thermal circuits of domestic steam turbines, mixing-type low-pressure heaters (LPH) with free-flow jet water distribution and counter-flow of water and steam are widely used. The choice of the counterflow variant of the media movement ensures the most efficient heat transfer. However, the technical problem of ensuring reliable operation of LPH in the entire range of design loads of TPP and NPP power units is still relevant.During the commissioning and operation of mixing-type LPH in 800÷1200 MW turbines of TPP and NPP, the presence of metal knocks in the zone of the check valve, hydraulic shocks in the heating section were revealed. A priori, these phenomena indicated design flaws in LPH or manufacturing defects in their production. Research carried out by NPO CKTI specialists showed that periodic hydraulic shocks in the heating section and metal knocks occur as a result of uneven distribution around the circumference of the main condensate and steam supply. This leads to a breakdown of the check valve and the destruction of perforated plates and off-design heating of water in the volume of the annular LPH water chamber. To clarify the causes of the damage, develop recommendations for the reconstruction of the apparatus and further account for the design, two series of experimental studies were carried out on mixing-type heaters of 800 MW turbine units PNSV-2000-1 and PNSV-2000-2 manufactured at PJSC Krasny Kotelshchik. The purpose of the experimental studies was to determine the change in the water level in the water chamber and the heating of the main condensate in the elements of the heating compartment during normal operation of the power unit at loads of 400÷850 MW. Based on the results of the research, the method for calculating the mixing-type LPH has been refined, taking into account the revealed non-uniformity of water heating in the water chamber, recommendations for their reconstruction have been developed and implemented. 

Pre-Treatment Experimental Study of Organic Acid: An Alternative Means to Overcome Inorganic Scale Build-Up Problem in Deep Well

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagus Muliadi Nasution ◽  
Andrew Yonathan ◽  
Muthi Abdillah ◽  
Wang Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Organic acid has been widely applied for inorganic scale treatment in oil and gas industry including well stimulation and scale inhibitor. Thanks to its low corrosivity and slower reaction rate with rock, organic acid is considered to offer better performance comparing to strong acid - Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). Yet, proper treatment requires vigorous analysis and experiment in order to meet foremost expectations. Besides, mistreatment of scale could result in formation damage including clay precipitation. Pre-treatment experiments were performed on Zelda field at South East Sumatera block, that has faced with scale problem for ages. Water sample was taken from flowing Zelda A-08 well to be analyzed for mineral's saturation level. Scale was extracted from three sources including tubing, sand bailer, and Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) of Zelda A-08. Those scale were treated in X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) for mineral composition, and solubility test that utilized two types of acid system - formic acid (HCOOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) for comparison. Anti-swelling test and corrosion test were performed to examine the effectiveness of clay stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor. As for carbonate analysis, both formic acid 9% and HCl 15% have comparable solubility (98.17% vs 98% for tubing's scale, 91.86% vs 82.79% for ESP's scale, and 70.30% vs 68.07% for sand bailer's scale). Yet, longer reaction is carried out by formic acid 9% (1 hour) comparing to HCl 15% (18 minutes). For silicate analysis, HF-formic acid provided the higher solubility than HF-HCl (8.34% vs 5.67% for ESP's scale and 30.48% vs 25.68% for sand bailer's scale). On anti-swelling test, by reducing swelling tendency up to 62.6%, it proves that examined clay stabilizer works perfectly against swelling potential of clay, despite of high swelling tendency of sand bailer's scale (25.8%). On corrosion test, adding on corrosion inhibitor (pyridine-based) into solution results in regular HCl 15% has corrosion rate 26.279 g/m2.h which is much higher (300%) than HF-HCl (7.977 g/m2.h) and HF-formic acid (8.229 g/m2.h). Based on pre-treatment test, formic acid 9% together with examined corrosion inhibitor and clay stabilizer, can be used as an alternative to regular HCl 15% for stimulation purpose where more areas will be covered that previously left unreachable by regular acid 15%. In addition, potentially more effective squeezed scale inhibitor using organic acid can also be achieved by performing further experiments. The method presented in this paper for pre-treatment experimental studies of organic acid can provide engineers with intensive guide to meet the best result of organic acid treatment.

Diagnostic Results of Current Distribution Injected Water Flow in the Productive Formation for Neft Dashlary Oilfield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidir Mansum Ibragimov ◽  
Nahide Ismat Huseinova ◽  
Aliabas Alipasha Gadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Hydrodynamic Parameters ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Oil Field Development ◽  
Gas Fields

Abstract For controlling the oil field development proposed an economically efficient express calculation and visualization method of the hydrodynamic parameters current values distribution in the productive formation. The presented report shows the results of applying this technique for determining the injected water propagation direction into the productive formation (X horizon) at the «Neft Dashlary» field. Based on the calculated results, the current distribution of the injected water was visualized in the selected section of the formation. High accuracy of the calculation was confirmed by comparing obtained results with the results of a simultaneous tracer study conducted in the field conditions. During tracer studies it was tested a new tracer material, more effective than its analogs. According to laboratory and experimental studies, the addition of 0.003% of this indicator substance to the volume of injected water is the optimal amount for its recognition in the well's product. At the allocated area of the "Neft Dashlari" field, the benefits from the use of the calculation method amounted to 62.9 thousand manats. Based on the obtained satisfying results of the new method for calculating hydrodynamic parameters and the use of a tracer indicator application at the «Neft Dashlary» oilfield, it is recommended to apply these developments in other oil and gas fields for mass diagnostic of the reservoir fluid distribution in a selected area of productive formations.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of 5G/WiFi-6 Coexistence

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Simulation Language ◽  
Industrial Sectors

The fifth-generation mobile communication network (5G) is the promising technology nowadays to provide not only a higher speed compared to 4G but also a revolution of services to cover different industrial sectors such as health, production, energy, and many. WiFi-6 is a new wireless local area network (WLAN) technology that is suitable to work in an office, home, and dense areas. As a new technology, 5G has some limitations concerning coverage and capacity. To overcome these limitations, one possible solution is to use the free unlicensed spectrum available in Wi-Fi technology, therefore, a complement solution of 5G/WiFi-6 coexistence is proposed to make both technologies complement each other in providing a better quality of service for the end-user concerning a higher speed, low latency, and higher capacity. According to OFDM modulation, the proposed model divides the cell into two virtual zones, the inner zone represents WiFi-6 technology surrounded by 5G technology. All resources will be shared between the two technologies taken into consideration that more bandwidth should be given to the most inner zone with high intensity of traffic. The call admission control algorithm will be based on a minimum bit rate to be given to each zone that should be satisfied to admit the call. The model is solved using MOSEL-2 simulation language, to study different performance parameters such as BER, utilization, blocking probability, latency, throughput, and aggregate average bit rate in both zones. The simulation results show that coexistence causes some degradation in 5G performance, however, a positive effect on the overall cell performance is achieved by balancing the load all over the whole cell.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of the state of sewage mine waters based on gas-discharge radiation method

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Natalija Glukhova ◽  
Viktor Khilov ◽  
Yuliia Kharlamova ◽  
Mariia Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
The Fourier Transform

The existing environmental problems resulting from the use and subsequent discharge of water by mining and metallurgical enterprises are analyzed. The relevance of developing methods for an integrated assessment of water properties is presented, which will allow the study of not only physical-chemical, but also the biological parameters of water. Experimental studies of water samples are conducted based on the method of gas-discharge radiation. The existing methods for extracting informative features of gas-discharge radiation images of liquid-phase objects are analyzed. Histograms of gas-discharge radiation images of various types of water were constructed and studied. The expediency of dividing images into separate fragments, characterized by common texture features, is shown. The analysis of texture features is carried out based on the use of the Fourier transform. Using the Fourier transform for the corresponding luminance vectors, the spectra have been obtained of the spatial distribution of the frequencies of brightness changes, which are used as texture features to identify the specific characteristics of the gas-discharge tracks formation. It has been determined that the developed method of water analysis allows assessing its biological properties, which is based on the values of the spatial frequency range. The advantage of the proposed method over the existing ones is the possibility of quantitative assessment in the form of numerical values of the covered range of spatial frequencies. The proposed method of studying the biological properties of water can be used as part of modern environmental monitoring systems.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
B.M. Das ◽  
D. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Exploration Drilling

Nanotechnology encompasses the science and technology of objects with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm. Today, exploration and production from conventional oil and gas wells have reached a stage of depletion. Newer technologies have been developed to address this problem. Maximum oil production at a minimum cost is currently a huge challenge. This paper reviews nanotechnology applications in the oil and gas production sector, including in the fields of exploration, drilling, production, and waste management in oil fields, as well as their environmental concerns. The paper reviews experimental observations carried out by various researchers in these fields. The effect of various nanoparticles, such as titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, and carbon nanotubes in drilling fluids and silica nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery, has been observed and studied. This paper gives a detailed review of the benefits of nanotechnology in oil exploration and production. The fusion of nanotechnology and petroleum technology can result in great benefits. The physics and chemistry of nanoparticles and nanostructures are very new to petroleum technology. Due to the greater risk associated with adapting new technology, nanotechnology has been slow to gain widespread acceptance in the oil and gas industries. However, the current economic conditions have become a driving force for newer technologies.

scholarly journals SEPARATE QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION OF OIL AND GAS CONTENT PROSPECTS FOR DZHEBOL STAGE PALEOZOIC DEPOSITS OF TIMAN-PECHORA OIL AND GAS BASIN

2015 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A. I. Diyakonov ◽  
L. V. Parmuzina ◽  
S. V. Kochetov ◽  
A. Yu. Malikova
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Gas Bearing

It is shown that the evolutionary-catagenetic model for calculating the initial potential hydrocarbon resources can serve as a scientific basis for the separate quantitative prediction of areas of oil-and-gas content. In this case retrospectively evaluated are the scales of generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the source rocks during catagenetic evolution of sedimentary basin. The authors propose a method, the results of evaluation of generation and accumulation scales and initial potential oil and gas resources for major oil-and-gas bearing complexes of Dzhebol stage.

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