DEPENDENCE OF SURFACE PLASMON POLYARITON EXCITATION EFFICIENCY ON ALUMINUM GRATINGS RELIEF DEPTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
I.Z. Indutnyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Aluminum Film ◽  
Half Width ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Excitation Efficiency ◽  
Probe Microscope

An experimental study of the excitation of surface plasmonpolaritons (SPP) on aluminum diffraction gratings with a fixed period of 519 ± 0,5 nm and a variable modulation depth h/a(where h is the grating depth, and a – its period) was carried out. Gratings with a sine-like profile were formed on vacuum chalcogenide photoresists films by interference lithography and covered with an opaque aluminum film. A Dimension 3000 Scanning Probe Microscope was used to determine the grating groove profile. The characteristics of the SPP were determinedfor28 gratings with h/a ranged from 0,018 to 0,20, by measuring the dependences of specular reflection of p-polarized radiation of He-Ne laser on the angle of incidence, which was defined as the angle between the normal to the substrate plane and the laser beam. It was found that there is an optimal grating relief depth for a given excitation wavelength, which provides the maximum transfer of the incident electromagnetic wave energy to the surface plasmon-polariton mode.The dependence of the SPP excitation efficiency on the grating modulation depth has a maximum at a relatively small value of h/a ≈ 0.086. At such modulation depth the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of the incident laser beam is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the absorption of aluminum film with flat surface at the same angle of incidence. The position of the angle of resonant excitation of SPP practically does not change from h/a= 0,018 up to h/a ≈ 0,06. With further increase of h/a it begins to shift to the region of smaller incidence angles, with the rate of the shift accelerating gradually. With an increase of h/a, a decrease in the depth of the plasmon resonance and a significant increase in its half-width are also observed, and the dependence of the half-width of the SPP band on the modulation depth is close to quadratic. Using this grating-coupled SPP technique, the estimated thickness of air-formed oxide layer on the aluminum gratings surface (about 3.9 nm) is close to the value obtained in the literature with a set of complicated techniques.

INVESTIGATION OF THE SURFACE PLASMON-POLARITONS EXCITATION EFFICIENCY ON ALUMINUM GRATINGS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DIFFRACTED RADIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
I. Z. Indutnyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polaritons ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Half Width ◽  
Incident Wavelength ◽  
Excitation Efficiency ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Plasmon Polaritons

Detailed studies of the efficiency of excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPP) on aluminum gratings with a period a = 694 nm, which exceeds the incident wavelength of λ = 632,8 nm, have been carried out. The gratings relief depth (h) range was 6–135 nm. Research samples were formed on As40S30Se30 chalcogenide photoresist films using interference lithography and vacuum thermal deposition of an opaque aluminum layer about 80 nm thick. An atomic force microscope was used to determine the groove profile shape and the grating relief depth. The study of the SPP excitation features was carried out on a stand mounted on the basis of a G5M goniometer and an FS-5 Fedorov stage by measuring the angular dependences of the intensity of specularly reflected and diffracted p-polarized radiation of He-Ne laser. When determining the SPP excitation efficiency, the resonance values of both specular reflection and reflection in the -1st DO were taken into account. It was found that the dependence of the integral plasmon absorption on the grating modulation depth (h/a) is described by a somewhat asymmetric curve with a wide maximum, the position of which corresponds to an h/a value of about 0.07 and a half-width of about 0.123. This allows to excite SPP with an efficiency ≥ 80% of the maximum value on the gratings with the 0,05-0,105 h/a range. The half-width of the plasmon minimum of the reflection in the -1st DO is less than in the specular reflection, which can increase sensitivity of sensor devices when registering the shift of the minimum from angular measurements. The dependence of the half-width of the SPP reflection minima on the grating modulation depth is close to quadratic. In the investigated h/a range (from 0.009 to 0.194), the maximum dynamic range of the reflection coefficient is two orders of magnitude and is achieved in specular reflection for gratings with h/a ≈ 0.075.

The effect of surface plasmon-polaritons on the photostimulated diffusion in light-sensitive Ag–As4Ge30S66 structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 436-443
Author(s):  
I.Z. Indutnyi ◽  
◽  
V.I. Mynko ◽  
M.V. Sopinskyy ◽  
V.A. Dan’ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polaritons ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Field Action ◽  
Plasmon Polaritons ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The effect of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) excited at the interface between the profiled surface of the silver layer (in the form of a diffraction grating) and the As4Ge30S66 layer on the photostimulated diffusion of silver into chalcogenide has been studied. The gratings with the period a = 519 nm and modulation depth h/a ≈ 0.037 (where h is the grating depth) were formed on chalcogenide photoresist films by using interferential lithography and covered with the 80-nm-thick aluminum layer, 85-nm-thick silver layer, and thin As4Ge30S66 layer. Photostimulated changes in this structure were studied measuring the angular dependences of specular reflection (Rp) of p-polarized light with the wavelength 632.8 nm. It was found that as a result of exposure, “degradation” (broadening, increase in reflection at the minimum) of the minimum in the angular dependence of Rp (which is associated with the SPP resonance) occurs faster, when the samples are irradiated at the angle corresponding to SPP excitation. This observation indicates acceleration of the photostimulated diffusion process in this structure under the plasmon field action.

A Study of the Photoelectric Effect Caused by a Laser Beam Used in a Beam Bounce Technique in a C-AFM System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Sung Lin ◽  
Mong-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Probe Head

Abstract The use of a scanning probe microscope (SPM), such as a conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM) has been widely reported as a method of failure analysis in nanometer scale science and technology [1-6]. A beam bounce technique is usually used to enable the probe head to measure extremely small movements of the cantilever as it is moved across the surface of the sample. However, the laser beam used for a beam bounce also gives rise to the photoelectric effect while we are measuring the electrical characteristics of a device, such as a pn junction. In this paper, the photocurrent for a device caused by photon illumination was quantitatively evaluated. In addition, this paper also presents an example of an application of the C-AFM as a tool for the failure analysis of trap defects by taking advantage of the photoelectric effect.

Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Inverse Faraday Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Khokhlov ◽  
V.I. Belotelov ◽  
A.N. Kalish ◽  
A.K. Zvezdin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polaritons ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polariton ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Local Magnetization ◽  
Inverse Faraday Effect ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasmon Polariton ◽  
Plasmon Polaritons

t is shown that the inverse Faraday effect appears in the case of surface plasmon polariton propagation near a metal-paramagnetic interface. The inverse Faraday effect in nanostructured periodically perforated metaldielectric films increases because of the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. In this case, a stationary magnetic field is amplified by more than an order of magnitude compared to the case of a smooth paramagnetic film. The distribution of an electromagnetic field is sensitive to the wavelength and the angle of incidence of light, which allows one to efficiently control the local magnetization arising due to the inverse Faraday effect.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Gratings for Multiband Spatial Filtering, Retroreflection, Splitting and Demultiplexing Based on C2 Symmetric Photonic Crystals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy E. Serebryannikov ◽  
Diana C. Skigin ◽  
Guy A. E. Vandenbosch ◽  
Ekmel Ozbay
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Diffraction Order ◽  
Spatial Filtering ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Reflection Mode ◽  
Negative Order ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Incident Wave Energy

Abstract The concept of multifunctional reflection-mode gratings based on rod-type photonic crystals with C2 symmetry is introduced and examined. The specific modal properties lead to the vanishing dependence of the first-negative-order maximum on the angle of incidence within a wide range, and the nearly sinusoidal redistribution of the incident-wave energy between zero order (specular reflection) and first negative diffraction order (deflection) at frequency variation that are the key features enabling various functionalities in one structure and functionality merging. The elementary functionalities offered by the studied structures, of which multifunctional scenarios can be designed, include but are not restricted to multiband spatial filtering, multiband splitting, and demultiplexing. The proposed structures are shown to be capable in multifunctional operation in case of an obliquely incident polychromatic wave. The generalized demultiplexing is demonstrated for the case when several polychromatic wavesare incident at different angles. The same deflection properties yield multiband splitting, and merging demultiplexing and splitting functionalties in one functionality, which may contribute to various multifunctional scenarios. The proposed gratings arealso studied in transmissive configuration.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Simulation to Analyze the Spectral Index for Remote Detection of Oil Dispersed in the Southern Baltic Sea Seawater Column: The Role of Water Surface State

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Otremba ◽  
Jacek Piskozub
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spectral Index ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic

The article presents the results of simulations that take into account the optical parameters of the selected sea region (from literature data on the southern Baltic Sea) and two optically extreme types of crude oil (from historical data) which exist in the form of a highly watered-down oil-in-water emulsion (10 ppm). The spectral index was analyzed based on the results of modeling the radiance reflectance distribution for almost an entire hemisphere of the sky (zenith angle from 0 to 80°). The spectral index was selected and is universal for all optically different types of oil (wavelengths of 650 and 412 nm). The possibility of detecting pollution in the conditions of the wavy sea surface (as a result of wind of up to 10 m/s) was studied. It was also shown that if the viewing direction is close to a direction perpendicular to the sea surface, observations aimed at determining the spectral index are less effective than observations under the zenith angle of incidence of sunlight for all azimuths excluding the direction of sunlight’s specular reflection.

scholarly journals Spatially Broadband Coupled-Surface Plasmon Wave Assisted Transmission Effect in Azo-Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal Cell

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Guan-Ting Dong ◽  
Chun-Ta Wang ◽  
Yu-Ju Hung
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polariton ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Aluminum Film ◽  
Liquid Crystal Cell ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Crystal Cell ◽  
Plasmon Polariton

Active tuning on a plasmonic structure is discussed in this report. We examined the transient transmission effects of an azo-dye-doped liquid crystal cell on a metallic surface grating. The transition between isotropic and nematic phases in liquid crystal generated micro-domains was shown to induce the dynamic scattering of light from a He-Ne laser, thereby allowing transmission through a non-transparent aluminum film overlaying a dielectric grating. Various grating pitches were tested in terms of transmission effects. The patterned gratings include stripe ones and circular forms. Our results indicate that surface plasmon polariton waves are involved in the transmission process. We also demonstrated how momentum diagrams of gratings and Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) modes combined with Mie scattering effects could explain the broadband coupling phenomenon. This noteworthy transition process could be applied to the development of spatially broadband surface plasmon polariton coupling devices.

scholarly journals A New Electro-Optical Switch Modulator Based on the Surface Plasmon Polaritons of Graphene in Mid-Infrared Band

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Cai ◽  
Shulong Wang ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Yindi Wang ◽  
Tao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polaritons ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polariton ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Dielectric Structure ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Plasmon Polaritons

In this paper, a new electro-optical switch modulator based on the surface plasmon polaritons of graphene is proposed. An air–graphene-substrate–dielectric structure is adopted in the modulator. In this structure, the graphene is considered as a film of metal whose thickness tends to be infinitesimal. By changing the external voltage, the boundary conditions can be changed to decide whether the surface plasmon polariton waves can be excited in mid-infrared band. Because of this effect, the structure can be used as an electro–optical switch modulator, whose modulation depth is about 100% in theory. Finally, the 3 dB bandwidth (~34 GHz) and the energy loss (36.47 fJ/bit) of the electro–optical switch modulator are given, whose low energy loss is very suitable for engineering applications.

NANOSTRUCTURED LB FILMS AND EMISSION LIGHT DUE TO MULTIPLE SURFACE PLASMON EXCITATIONS IN THE KRETSCHMANN CONFIGURATION

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
FUTAO KANEKO ◽  
MITSURU TERAKADO ◽  
TOSHIHARU SATO ◽  
HIROTSUGI HATAKEYAMA ◽  
WATARU SAITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Lb Films ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Kretschmann Configuration ◽  
Direct Irradiation ◽  
Emission Light

Surface plasmon (SP) excitations have been investigated in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) Kretschmann configuration of prism/metal/Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films containing dyes. The emission light through the prism was observed using direct irradiation of a laser beam from air to the LB films, i.e., reverse irradiation. The emission intensities depend on the emission angles through the prism, nanostructure of metal and LB films, dye molecules, separation between metal and dye molecules, interactions of dye molecules, etc. The spectra is strongly depended on the emission angles, and the emission light was caused by multiple SP excitations. Nanostructured devices of LB films using SP excitations are described.

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