On orbit serving — a step towards further exploration of near-Earth space

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
V.V. Vasylyev ◽  
◽  
L.A. Godunok ◽  
S.A. Matviienko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Service Operations ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Design Bureau ◽  
Proximity Operations ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Near Space ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Orbital Space ◽  
Rendezvous And Docking

The purpose of the publication is to draw the attention of the Ukrainian scientific and technical community to the development of a new area of activity in outer space - orbital service. The content, technical and economic preconditions and competitive advantages of its development in Ukraine are outlined. Definitions of orbital services such as customer inspection, orbital (inter-orbital) transportation, refueling and resupply, upgrade, assembly, collision avoidance are given. The competence of Ukrainian enterprises in this direction has been analyzed. The expediency and possibility of developing the direction of orbital servicing for further exploration of near space, in particular, the developments of Ukrainian enterprises for the development and manufacture of systems for rendezvous and docking of spacecraft, have been substantiated. Scenarios of interaction between a space service vehicle and a client vehicle in near-earth orbit are described. The basic requirements for carrying out of Servicer and the Client autonomous proximity operations, as well as the operation of seizing the client machine are given. Proposals for the functionality of spacecraft for the provision of orbital space services are presented, it is proposed to consider the need to create specialized cargo modules and examples of their application in orbit are given. The tendencies of the approach to the creation of spacecraft structures adapted for in-orbit service are considered. The predicted volume of orbital service operations by type of service and with orbits is given. Provided information about the key players in a given market. The design of Servicer, which is being developed by Kurs NPK JSC, Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, for the provision of transport services, is presented. The specified features of its construction in general and the composition of the modules, as well as the possibility of further expanding the functionality of the Servicer.

Evalution of technical means capabilities for minimisation of technogenic pollution of a near space

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
N. M. Dron ◽  
P. G. Horolsky ◽  
L. G. Dubovik
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Near Space ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Major Factors

The conducted researches are directed on the solution of one of the most important problems of the space use – a problem connected with existence and inadmissibility of growth the quantity of a technogenic origin space debris on low near-earth and geostationary orbits because its further increase will overlap to mankind an exit in space and will terminate space activity. In the basis of a technique of researches the analysis of an existing ecological condition of the surrounding space environment on which base determined the major factors of pollution of the space and considered ways of struggle against space debris on near-earth orbits is put. It is established that the major factors of pollution of the near-earth space are spent stages of launch vehicles and accelerating units, the space crafts which have terminated its existence, fragments of destroyed artificial space objects, operational elements etc. Space debris basically is concentrated on low orbits and around a geostationary orbit which on the basis of the analysis of statistical data on space crafts starts are in most common use. Here groupings of space crafts of the various particular mission, including space crafts of communication, relay, TV, the early prevention of a rocket attack are concentrated. It is shown that the main ways of struggle against space debris are prevention of occurrence new and removal of the already existing debris. Notable decrease in level of the pollution can achieve at cumulative use of such measures, as an exception of explosions of the space objects, limitation of quantity of the started space crafts, reduction of number of the accompanying fragments injected into orbits at starts. Methods and means of withdrawal from working orbits of space crafts upon termination of term of their active existence and known ways and systems of active removal of already existing fragments of the space debris, such as: application of an ionic bunch, the space ship-towing vehicle, the polyurethane foam, the pulsing laser, harpoon system, electrodynamic cord system are considered. Scientific novelty of the presented results consists in the description of conceptual actions for reduction of pollution of the space. The activities executed in the given direction, have huge practical value as the outer space exploration gives huge advantage and significant progress to mankind, but the further operation at near-earth space by existing methods without acceptance of the measures indicated in the article, its further safe development already will not allow in the near future.

Could future COP talks help to de-junk near-earth space?

Soundings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (78) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Susmita Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Earth Environment ◽  
Outer Space Treaty ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Space debris has reached alarming proportions and is growing at a frightening pace, because of the expanding number of satellites circulating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), designed to increase global Internet coverage and provide earth observation data. LEO satellites are now being launched in mega-constellations, including by Elon Musk's company SpaceX. It is time to completely overhaul the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which was not designed to deal with current problems. The COP forum should therefore include the near-earth environment within its concept of the earth's climate, enabling the UN to acknowledge, as a collective, the growing menace of human-made debris in near-earth space, and, in partnership with the UN-Outer Space Affairs Office (UN-OOSA), call for a new declaration on LEO.

Superpower Restraints, Planetary Security, and Earth Identity

Dark Skies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 225-260
Author(s):  
Daniel Deudney
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
World Government ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
Asteroid Deflection ◽  
Outer Space Treaty ◽  
Orbital Space ◽  
Whole Earth

A third, often-overlooked, space agenda, the Clarke-Sagan and Whole Earth Security programs, aims to close the gap between the territorial state system and technologies and spaces of planetary scope without world government. It extends into space environmentalist, arms control, and globalist approaches. Its ladder includes superpower arms control, space cooperation and satellites for information, science, and Earth habitability. It supports strengthening the Outer Space Treaty, currently under assault. It fears space debris degrading orbital space. It anticipates viewing Earth from space will help support terrapolitan Whole Earth political identities, supplanting parochial nationalities. Its advocates debate asteroid deflection dilemmas, some fearing intentional bombardment, others proposing international planetary defense consortia. How can the great debate between the Clarke-Sagan and von Braun programs be resolved? Clarke and Sagan, uniquely among prominent space expansionists, prioritized nuclear arms control but also embraced Tsiolkovskian visions, posing the question: Are their criticisms of the von Braun military programs applicable to solar space expansion?

Effect of Commercial Neighbors on The Online Popularity of Peer-To-Peer Accommodation-Sharing Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Liu ◽  
Jinah Park ◽  
Karen Xie ◽  
Haiyan Song ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Operations ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ownership Types

Commercial hosts are becoming increasingly common in peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation sharing. Yet the interplay between commercial and individual hosts has been unclear. This study investigates the effect of properties managed by commercial hosts on the individual hosts in the neighborhood. Specifically, we hypothesize that an increase in commercial properties, which have competitive advantages, would penetrate neighborhood markets and cannibalize the online popularity of individual properties. We test these hypotheses using a large-scale, longitudinal data set collected from a leading P2P accommodation-sharing platform in Beijing. The findings show that an increase in commercial properties is associated with a decline in the popularity of individual properties in the neighborhood. However, the negative effect of commercial properties is weakened when there is a higher price difference between the two ownership types and a higher density of tourist attractions. The implications for service operations and strategies for P2P accommodation-sharing businesses are discussed.

scholarly journals TED Project: Conjugating Technology Development and Educational Activities

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Olivieri ◽  
Francesco Sansone ◽  
Matteo Duzzi ◽  
Alessandro Francesconi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Proximity Operations ◽  
Parabolic Flights ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rendezvous And Docking

TED (Tethered Electromagnetic Docking) is a system proposed by a group of researchers and students of the University of Padova for close rendezvous and docking between spacecraft. It consists in a small tethered probe ejected by the chaser, reaching the proximity of the target with a controlled deployment, and then magnetically guided by a receiving electromagnet mounted on it. Because of the generated magnetic field, alignment and mating are possible; then, as the tether is rewound, the chaser is able to dock with the target. To perform a preliminary verification of TED, three groups of students have been involved in the project and contributed to the evaluation of its critical technologies in reduced gravity: in the framework of ESA “Drop your Thesis!” 2014 and 2016 campaigns the experiments FELDs and STAR focused on the test of the tether deployment and control, while PACMAN, in the framework of ESA “Fly Your Thesis! 2017” parabolic flights campaign, tested proximity operations by means of electromagnetic interactions. In this paper, a description of TED concept and its development roadmap is presented, introducing the critical technologies tested by FELDs, STAR, and PACMAN experiments. The second part of the paper focuses on the educational outcomes of the three experiments, introducing statistics on (1) student participation, (2) scientific publication production, and (3) influence of the educational programs on the students’ career.

scholarly journals Guidance and Control of Position and Attitude for Rendezvous and Dock/Berthing with a Noncooperative/Target Spacecraft

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Arantes ◽  
Luiz S. Martins-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Proximity Operations ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
Navigation And Control ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tracking Ability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rendezvous And Docking ◽  
Target Spacecraft

Noncooperative target spacecrafts are those assets in orbit that cannot convey any information about their states (position, attitude, and velocities) or facilitate rendezvous and docking/berthing (RVD/B) process. Designing a guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) module for the chaser in a RVD/B mission with noncooperative target should be inevitably solved for on-orbit servicing technologies. The proximity operations and the guidance for achieving rendezvous problems are addressed in this paper. The out-of-plane maneuvers of proximity operations are explored with distinct subphases, including a chaser far approach in the target’s orbit to the first hold point and a closer approach to the final berthing location. Accordingly, guidance solutions are chosen for each subphase from the standard Hill based Closhessy-Willtshire (CW) solution, elliptical fly-around, and Glideslope algorithms. The control is based on a linear quadratic regulator approach (LQR). At the final berthing location, attitude tracker based on a proportional derivative (PD) form is tested to synchronize the chaser and target attitudes. The paper analyzes the performance of both controllers in terms of the tracking ability and the robustness. Finally, it prescribes any restrictions that may be imposed on the guidance during any subphase which can help to improve the controllers tracking ability.

scholarly journals Transport management in small and medium-sized enterprises in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Silveira Martins ◽  
Wescley Silva Xavier ◽  
Osmar Vieira De Souza Filho ◽  
Guilherme Silveira Martins
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transport Management

The research reported in this paper, looks at the internal processes of Brazilian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) concerning the transport decision. SME represent over 99% of the formal enterprises in Brazil. The sample size was 400 industrial companies (with up to 100 employees) of Brazilian manufacturing sector. The results indicated that shippers do not use transportation as an opportunity to create competitive advantages. In addition, to get the needed services, Brazilian SMEs tend to buy transport services, readily available, without concerns for future transactions and more stringent and systematic criteria for the selection and evaluation of the service.

scholarly journals Ecology of Near-Earth Space

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Elena Nikoghosyan
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Pollution

The technical achievements of our civilization are accompanied by certain negative consequences affect the near-Earth space. The problem of clogging of near-Earth space by "space debris" as purely theoretical arose essentially as soon as the first artificial satellite in 1957 was launched. Since then, the rate of exploitation of outer space has increased very rapidly. As a result, the problem of clogging of near-Earth space ceased to be only theoretical and transformed into practical. Presently, anthropogenic factors of the development of near-Earth space are divided into several categories: mechanical, chemical, radioactive and electromagnetic pollution.

Missions and space security and long-term sustainability challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Pavlova ◽  
V.A. Voropaev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Space Activities

The paper dwells upon the security and long-term sustainability of space activities and introduces the main guidelines, approved by the UN General Assembly, as well as the guidelines, which did not receive consensus approval in the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The challenges of the long-term sustainability of space activities for achieving the goals, objectives, and means of developing world cosmonautics and maintaining the status of the Russian Federation as a world space power are reflected. The study focuses on the problems and challenges associated with the man-made debris of near-Earth space, the delimitation of air and outer space, the need to organize space traffic control, which is inextricably linked with the deployment of multi-satellite orbital constellations. The issues of counteracting the asteroid-cometary hazard are touched upon. The research findings given in the paper should help representatives of the Russian space industry understand the problems, challenges, and essence of the long-term sustainability of space activities in conjunction with issues of ensuring its security.

scholarly journals THE MAIN TRENDS OF WORLD SPACE ACTIVITY IN THE INTERESTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
F. M. Andreiev ◽  
I. A. Bespalko ◽  
D. M. Vyporkhaniuk ◽  
S. V. Kovbasiuk
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
National Space ◽  
Interagency Coordination ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Space Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Space Activities

In recent decades, space, like land, sea, air and cyberspace, has become a platform for the confronting between powerful states, which has led to a change in the nature of action in the near-Earth space of a number of countries. The consequence of space activities was that the geographical location ceased to be dominant in international relations. Unfortunately, the national space activity has not become an effective tool for achieving the geopolitical goals of Ukraine, ensuring the fulfillment of tasks in the interests of national security and defense. In this regard, it is important to analyze current trends in the development of space activities in the world in the security sector, the results of which should be the basis for the introduction of best international experience in domestic practice. The article analyzes the directions of use of outer space, space products and services by leading countries in the interests of security and defense. The main trends of development of space activity are defined: globalization in connection with the increasing number of space states; expansion of partnership with simultaneous aspirations for autonomy in this sphere; emergence of inspection technologies for orbital means, etc. Space capabilities in the interests of national security and defense are considered, in particular the usage of military and civilian, intelligence and commercial space systems and infrastructure for supporting security strategies, achieving national goals and protecting public interests. Further directions of improvement of national space activity in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine are proposed, namely: improvement of its normative and legal support; clarification of the purpose, definition of the main tasks and priority directions of its improvement; formation of a management system; organization and development of interagency coordination, interaction and joint problem solving.

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