The Impact of Biopreparations and Phytopathogenic Bacteria of the Pseudomonas Genus on L-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Soybean and Lupine Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
L.A. Dankevych ◽  
◽  
N.O. Leonova ◽  
G.O. Iutynska ◽  
A.V. Kalinichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidases ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

It is known that plant protection against diseases is based mainly on the use of pesticides. These chemicals or their degradation products have a detrimental effect on the environment and human health. Due to this, the search for methods of plant protection that are safe for the environment is becoming increasingly popular. Induction of plant resistance to disease is one of the promising non-chemical ways of protection, in which plant enzymes play a key role. It was shown that in response to pathogen invasion, plants enhance protective properties by inducing the activity of a wide range of enzymes that slow the spread of infection, in particular: peroxidases, β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases, polyphenol oxidases and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The aim of the research was to study the change in PAL activity in soybean and lupine plants under conditions of artificial infection with some phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus and under the action of Ecovital and EPAA-M biological preparations. Methods. PAL activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Changes of soybean (Glycine max) and lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) plants resistance to diseases caused by bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus were evaluated using phytopathological methods. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using MS Excel computer program with Student’s t-test and estimation of least significant difference (LSD). Results. It was found that under conditions of soybean and lupine plants infection with phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus on the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with Ekovital and EPAA-M biological preparations, composition based on them and synthetic standard – salicylic acid a significant increase in FAL activity in the aboveground and the degree of infectious roots – reducing of plants with pathogens was observed. It has been established that the growth of PAL activity under the condition of infection with phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus occurs after 2–6 h and lasts up to 7 days from the moment of phytopathogen invasion into the plant. The most increasing of PAL activity was after treatment of seeds with Ecovital and EPAA-M composition – by 38.1–73.3% (Lupinus luteus L.) and 60.4–110% (Glycine max) compared to the control. Treatment with the composition of biological products also helped to reduce the degree of plant damage. PAL activity increasing and reducing the area of soybean and lupine leaves affected surface can indicate the induction of protective reactions in plants. Conclusions. The use of the composition of EPAA-M with the microbial preparation Ecovital contribute to the increase of PAL activity and the formation of resistance to phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas in Glycine max and Lupinus luteus L. plants.

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland ◽  
Stephen O. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Effects of 16 herbicides representing 14 herbicide classes on growth and extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were examined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. High purity (96 to 100%) herbicides were supplied via aqueous culture at various concentrations: 0.5 mM amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), 0.1 mM atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 0.07 mM diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoicacid}, 0.5 mM DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), 0.2 mM fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), 0.05 mM fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, 0.5 mM MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), 0.5 mM metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], 1.8 μM nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], 0.5 mM norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], 0.05 mM paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), 0.15 mM perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, 0.2 mM propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide), 0.1 mM propham (isopropyl carbanilate), 0.5 mM TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 0.05 mM 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Dark-grown soybean seedlings (3-day-old) were transferred to control solutions (2 mM CaSO4) or to herbicide solutions (in 2 mM CaSO4) and grown at 25 C in continuous white light (200 μE•m-2•s-1) or continuous darkness until harvested 24 or 48 h after transfer. After 48 h, growth (fresh weight, dry weight, elongation) was inhibited by most of the chemicals. Other signs of toxicity (necrosis, secondary root stunting, and root tip swelling) were noted for some treatments. Roots were most affected, although hypocotyls were generally not changed. Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated by atrazine, fluridone, and norflurazon after 48 h light. Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D. Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity. Other compounds tested had no effect on the enzyme. None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

P5280The impact of background phase offset errors in cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging: a multi-scanner study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S C S Minderhoud ◽  
N Van Der Velde ◽  
J J Wentzel ◽  
M Attrach ◽  
P A Wielopolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flow Quantification ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phase Offset ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Phase contrast (PC) CMR flow measurements (FM) are widely used for blood flow assessment, but they suffer from phase offset errors (POE). Stationary phantom correction limits these inaccuracies, however, this adds scan time. Stationary tissue (ST) correction is an alternative method that does not require additional scanning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of POE, to assess interscanner variation, and to evaluate the ST correction usage. Methods We included 166 patients in which both aorta and main pulmonary artery FM were acquired including static gelatin phantom data. Subjects were scanned on three types of 1.5T scanners from the one vendor. Uncorrected and ST corrected FM were compared with phantom corrected FM, our reference value, and corrected for BSA. A difference of >10% in net flow was defined as clinically relevant. Regurgitation fraction was calculated and POE influences were assessed. Regurgitation severity was graded and POE influence on severity grading was assessed. Results Of the 166 cases included, the median age was 27 (5–74) years. Overall, the median difference between no corrected and phantom corrected FM was ≤6%, however, with a wide range of over- and underestimation (−155%–78% change) (figure). ST correction resulted in larger differences compared to no correction (p<0.01). Clinically significant differences were seen in 19% of all FM with no correction and in 30% of with ST correction (p<0.01). Furthermore, there were significant differences between scanners (no correction 10%, p<0.01; ST correction, p<0.01). Regurgitation severity indexing changed in 38 (11%) cases with no correction and in 48 (48%) with ST correction. Magnitude of flow change with and without offset corrections (n=332) Flow (ml/m2) Δ no correction and phantom correction (%) Δ ST correction and phantom correction (%) Clinically significant difference (>10%) Mean ± SD Median IQR Range Median IQR Range No correction, N (%) ST correction , N (%) MRI 1 (n=126) 50±12 3 0 to 6 −8 to 30 5 −3 to 9 −26 to 28 13 (10%) 34 (27%) MRI 2 (n=102) 48±13 −2 −15 to 6 −155 to 78 5 −3 to 11 −74 to 52 50 (49%) 50 (49%) MRI 3 (n=104) 48±12 −1 −1 to 0 −7 to 14 2 −2 to 5 −39 to 29 1 (1%) 16 (15%) Total (n=332) 49±12 0 −2 to 4 −155 to 78 3 −2 to 8 −74 to 52 64 (19%) 100 (30%) Conclusion Background POE have a significant impact on flow quantification and regurgitation severity. Unexpectedly, background correction using ST correction worsens accuracy compared to no correction. POE vary greatly between scanners. Therefore, careful assessment of FM at each scanner is essential to determine if routine phantom scanning is necessary.

Acifluorfen Action on Growth and Phenolic Metabolism in Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Phenolic Metabolism ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation

Three-day-old soybean seedlings were treated with acifluorfen via liquid culture [50 μM in dark, 1 μM in light (200 μE·m–2·s–1)]. Root elongation in the dark was inhibited only slightly (6%) after 96 h. In the light, acifluorfen inhibited root elongation after 48 h; after 96 h, inhibition was 32%. Hypocotyl length was not affected in either the light or dark. Soluble hydroxyphenolic content per axis was unaffected in the dark but was reduced by about 13 to 25% at 24 to 96 h in the light. Extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activity per axis was unaltered by herbicide in the dark. A brief transient increase in PAL activity (4 to 24 h) in axes of light-grown seedlings in the presence of acifluorfen was followed by reduced enzyme levels compared to light-grown controls at 72 and 96 h. Although light is required for maximal herbicide action, there was no effect on anthocyanin or chlorophyll accumulation or on the chlorophyll a/b ratio in hypocotyls or light-grown seedlings.

Effect of 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) on Seedling Growth and Associated Biochemical Changes in Mung Bean (Phaseolus aureus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder P. Singh ◽  
Nidhi Setia ◽  
Shalinder Kaur ◽  
Ravinder K. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidases ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBOA (2-benzoxazolinone) is a potent phytotoxin present in several graminaceous crops such as rye, maize and wheat. Due to its wide range of phytotoxicity, it is considered as a potential pesticide. A study was conducted to explore the impact of BOA on the radicle and plumule elongation of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and associated changes in the macromolecular content - proteins and carbohydrates - and activities of enzymes like amylases, proteases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. BOA significantly reduced the radicle and plumule length of P. aureus, and the contents of proteins and carbohydrates in both root and leaf tissue. On the other hand, activities of hydrolytic enzymes - proteases, amylases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases - increased substantially in both root and leaf tissue of P. aureus upon BOA exposure. This indicated that BOA treatment induced stress in P. aureus and enhanced enzyme activities to counter the induced stress and continue the growth. In other words, BOA-induced stress altered the plant biochemical status and related enzyme activities resulting in increased metabolism that serves to provide protection against cellular injury. Such studies providing information about the biomolecular content and enzymatic activities in response to natural products serve as clues for furtherance of knowledge about the modes of action of natural compounds of commercial interest.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cotton (Gossipium spp., including G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, G. herbaceum), Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi), lucerne (alfalfa) (Medicago sativa), lupin (Lupinus luteus), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), soyabean (Glycine max), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A wide range of other plants may also be infected without external symptoms (51, 2512). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (IMI map 362). Africa: Central African Republic, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Madagascar, Republic of South Africa, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Vincent, USA (south eastern states), Venezuela. Asia: Burma, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Taiwan, USSR. Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil borne and may be transmitted by seed (11, 713; 32, 186) and in irrigation water (62, 4911).

Successful In Utero Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (IUHSCT) Likely Depends on Niche Maturity, Recipient/Donor MHC Compatibility and Donor Cell Origin

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 574-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Jeanblanc ◽  
Evan J Colletti ◽  
Christopher D Porada ◽  
Graca Almeida-Porada ◽  
Esmail Zanjani
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Donor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 574 Many of the most prevalent inherited disorders currently affecting the human population could potentially be treated with IUHSCT. IUHSCT does not require myeloablation, eliminating the risks inherent to this procedure. Moreover, performing IUHSCT during the period of preimmunity removes the recipient's immune response as a barrier to successful engraftment. Unfortunately, despite numerous clinical trials over the last 20 years for a variety of disorders, IUHSCT has only been successful in treating SCID, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the factors governing engraftment following IUHSCT. We hypothesized that the success of IUHSCT likely depends upon: 1) the maturity/receptivity of the bone marrow (BM) niches at the time of transplant; 2) the degree of donor/recipient MHC compatibility; and 3) the source of donor HSC. To test our hypothesis, we began by performing confocal analyses of fetal sheep bones at gestational days 30–145, using sheep as a model based on its immunologic, physiologic and developmental similarities with the human fetus. These analyses showed that the BM microenvironment commences development with the formation of the vascular niche, beginning by day 40 of gestation. In contrast, the osteoblastic niche, which is known to be critical for the engraftment and maintenance of primitive HCS, only starts developing at roughly day 51 of gestation, and does not reach maturity until day 65. These findings thus indicate that to achieve maximal levels of engraftment following IUHSCT, the transplant should likely be performed at gestational day 65 or later, to ensure that the crucial osteoblastic niche has fully developed. Unfortunately, partial immune-competence is also achieved by roughly day 65, suggesting that immune compatibility between the donor and the recipient will also need to be addressed to maximize engraftment. This issue was addressed by transplanting 65 day-old sheep fetuses (n=21) with eGFP-transduced CD34+ cells isolated from related and unrelated BM and cord blood (CB) donors and comparing the levels of engraftment. Cell counting, PCR, and flow cytometry at 63 days post-IUHSCT revealed that the engraftment levels of the related CB HSC were nearly double those of the unrelated CB HSC in BM (1.7% vs. 0.86%) and more than 4-fold higher in PB (2.77% vs. 0.66%). Interestingly, however, there was no significant difference between the engraftment levels of related and unrelated BM-derived HSC (1.77% vs. 1.88%). We presumed that a greater degree of MHC matching could explain the higher engraftment seen with related versus unrelated CB-derived HSC. This was experimentally confirmed by performing PCR-based MHC microsatellite typing at 12 selected MHC loci on the donor CB cells and on amniotic fluid-derived recipient cells. All related donor/recipient animals exhibited 5–7 perfect matches and 1–6 half matches at the 12 MHC loci. In contrast, non-related donor/recipient animals exhibited only 1–2 perfect matches and 4–6 half matches at these loci. To evaluate the impact of the source of HSC on IUHSCT outcome, we compared these same animals without consideration to donor/recipient relatedness. These analyses demonstrated that the CB-derived HSC engrafted in PB at nearly four-fold higher levels than their BM-derived counterparts (2.75% vs. 0.93%). Conversely, the BM-derived HSC engrafted within the recipient BM at three-fold higher levels than the CB-derived HSC (0.66% vs. 2.24%). Collectively, these results suggest that transplanted HSC show a predilection for engraftment in their site of origin. In conclusion, our data collectively indicate that: 1) delaying IUHSCT until a point in gestation when the osteoblastic and vascular niches of the BM are mature is likely to improve engraftment; 2) transplanted HSC exhibit a predilection for engraftment in their site of origin; and 3) higher degrees of CB donor/recipient MHC matching doubles the engraftment levels obtained following IUHSCT, but does not seem to impact upon engraftment levels of BM-derived HSC. By simultaneously addressing these issues, it is expected that curative levels of HSC engraftment can be obtained prior to birth, making it possible to establish clinically successful and reliable IUHSCT-based treatments for a wide range of inherited disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

EVALUATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN DISCRIMINATING ECG SIGNALS OF MEN AND WOMEN DURING REST CONDITION AND EMOTIONAL STATES

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateke Goshvarpour ◽  
Atefeh Goshvarpour ◽  
Ataollah Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rest Condition ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Signal Processing Techniques

Great range of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing methods can be found in the literature. In addition, the importance of gender differences in physiological activities was also identified in various conditions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of linear and nonlinear ECG parameters to indicate suitable signal processing approaches which can show significant differences between men and women. These differences were investigated in two conditions: (i) during rest condition, and (ii) during the affective image inducements. A wide range of parameters from time-, frequency-, wavelet-, and nonlinear-techniques were examined. Applying the Wilcoxon rank sum test, significant differences between two genders were inspected. The analysis was performed on 47 college students at rest condition and while subjects watching four types of affective pictures, including sadness, happiness, fear, and peacefulness. The impact of these emotions on the results was also investigated. The results indicated that 72.95% and 72.61% of all features were significantly different between male and female in rest condition and affective inducements, respectively. In addition, the highest percentage of the significant difference between ECG parameters of men and women was achieved using nonlinear characteristics. Considering all features together, the highest significant difference between two genders was achieved for negative emotions, including sadness and fear. In conclusion, the results of this study emphasized the importance of gender role in cardiac responses during rest condition and different emotional states. Since these gender differences are well manifested by nonlinear signal processing techniques, dynamical gender-specific ECG system may improve the automatic emotion recognition accuracies.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense inoculation and hypoxia alter peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities in nodal roots of banana cultivars (Musa sp.) differing in their susceptibility to Fusarium wilt

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Aguilar ◽  
D. W. Turner ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of O2 deficiency on the interaction of banana roots and the Fusarium wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), was determined on the basis of changes in the activities of enzymes involved in phenol metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL, and peroxidase, PER). The root systems of banana cultivars differing in their known field resistance to Fusarium wilt were either inoculated with Foc or not and either continuously aerated, continuously exposed to hypoxia, or exposed to hypoxia for 48 h and then reaerated. Hypoxia stimulated PAL and PER activities in nodal roots of bananas and Foc inoculation stimulated PER activity. Hypoxia, in the presence of Foc, affected PAL activity among cultivars in a manner consistent with their observed field resistance to Fusarium wilt. Foc inoculation increased PER activity in all cultivars over and above that caused by hypoxia alone. Foc inoculation, followed by hypoxia, affected the cultivars differently, with the corresponding changes in PER activity seemingly correlated with their resistance to Fusarium wilt. The resistant cultivar Goldfinger has an inherently higher capability of stimulating the production of PAL and PER enzymes than cv. Williams (normally resistant to Fusarium wilt but succumbs when waterlogged) or cv. Gros Michel (susceptible). While Williams could respond to hypoxia by increasing PAL and PER activities more than Gros Michel, the elicited level of activity may not be enough to prevent disease development under waterlogged conditions. While hypoxic treatment might be a way to stimulate the root’s defence mechanism, it has to be at a level, duration and timing that would enhance PER and PAL activities without causing irreparable damage to root functions. Postanoxic injury, for example, could impair host resistance to wilt. The differences in rapidity and degree of increase in PAL and PER activities under Foc inoculation, followed by hypoxia, appear to be associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt. The breakdown in resistance of Williams (a Cavendish cultivar) observed during waterlogging, needs further investigation, especially if PAL is synthesised in the more aerated parts of the root, away from the stele where the defence mechanism needs to operate.

Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and isoflavone phytoalexins accumulation in soybean seedlings infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-929
Author(s):  
Djordje Malenčić ◽  
Jelena Cvejić ◽  
Vesna Tepavčević ◽  
Mira Bursać ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars (Meli, Alisa, Sava and 1511/99) were grown up to V1 phase (first trifoliate and one node above unifoliate) and then inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary under controlled conditions. Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and isoflavone phytoalexins were recorded 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the inoculation. Results showed an increase in PAL activity in all four examined soybean cultivars 48 h after the inoculation, being the highest in Alisa (2-fold higher). Different contents of total daidzein, genistein, glycitein and coumestrol were detected in all samples. Alisa and Sava increased their total isoflavone content (33.9% and 6.2% higher than control, respectively) as well as 1511/99, although 48 h after the inoculation its content decreased significantly. Meli exhibited the highest rate of coumestrol biosynthesis (72 h after the inoculation) and PAL activity (48 h after the inoculation). All investigated cultivars are invariably susceptible to this pathogen. Recorded changes could point to possible differences in mechanisms of tolerance among them.

scholarly journals A SIMPLE SCREENING PROCEDURE COULD IDENTIFY INDIAN PATIENTS WITH EARLY COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GERIATRIC HIP FRACTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrudev Gandhi ◽  
Utsav Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Geriatric Hip Fracture ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
The Impact

Background: Dementia is one of the most common and cognitive impairments growing over the globe. It encompasses a wide range of other neurodegenerative disorders with the symptoms such as loss of memory, inability in carrying out everyday activities, a decline in the brain function activities, and perplexity. However, it has been identified that there is an absolute lack of treatment modalities for dementia, but the early diagnosis plays an important role in identifying the cognitive impairment in the asymptomatic phase itself. It helps in preventing the disease from reaching a further complicated stage Aim: To assess the impact of cognitive impairment screening on the management of geriatric hip fractures Methods: It was an observational study carried out at Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad; for a period of two years (June 2018 to May 2020). Two hundred sixty patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups, namely hemiarthroplasty (HA), Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), hemiarthroplasty in patients with known dementia (HAd). Result: The study showed male preponderance in the study, and the majority of the patients were above 80 years of age. There was a significant difference in the patients who can perform their grocery or medication independently and not independently with respect to MMSE. However, there was no statistically significant difference in Hip Harris Score. There was a statistically significant difference among the three groups regarding the intraoperative blood, operation duration, hospital stay, ICU postoperative, in-hospital details. Conclusion: In light of the above literature, it was found that hip fractures and cognitive impairment were closely related. There are many risk factors of hip fracture, which are aggravated due to the late diagnosis of cognitive impairment. The incidence of hip fracture among patients suffering from dementia was much higher as compared to normal patients. Keywords: multi-morbidity, cognitive impairment, geriatric hip fracture

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