scholarly journals Perubahan Konstitusi dan Reformasi Ketatanegaraan Indonesiaa

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Tamrin
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
New Order ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Law

Abstract: Amendment of the Constitution and constitutional reform in Indonesia. The Constitution can be two meanings, namely: a broad sense and narrow sense. Meaning constitution means forming. Constitutional expert in Constitutional Law contains basic law is written. Act of 1945 is a formal document which is the result of political struggle in the past. In the era of the New Order Act of 1945 "sacred" so that the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia in the New Order era did not alter the Constitution of 1945. In the reform era to amend the Act of 1945. There was a change of articles of Law 1945. One only Article 1 (2) the first amendment of the Constitution of 1945. Sovereignty is in the people's hands and performed in accordance with the Constitution. There is a state agency that was formed, one of which the Constitutional Court and no state institutions were removed, the Supreme Advisory Council. With the change of the Constitution of 1945, then there was a constitutional reform in Indonesia Abstrak: Perubahan Konstitusi dan Reformasi Ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Menurut K.C. Wheare kata konstitusi dapat menjadi 2 arti yaitu: arti luas dan arti sempit. Menurut Wirjono Projodikoro arti konstitusi berarti membentuk. Baik konstitusi maupun Undang-undang Dasar menurut Pakar Hukum Tata Negara berisi Hukum dasar tertulis. Konstitusi/Undang-undang Dasar 1945 merupakan dokumen formal yang merupakan hasil perjuangan politik bangsa di waktu lampau. Di era orde baru Undang-undang Dasar 1945 “disakralkan” sehingga Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat RI di era orde baru tidak mengubah Undangundang Dasar 1945. Di era reformasi dilakukan perubahan Undang-undang Dasar 1945. Ada perubahan pasal Undang-undang Dasar 1945. Salah satunya Pasal 1 ayat (2) perubahan pertama Undang-undang Dasar 1945.Kedaulatan ada di tangan rakyat dan dilakukan menurut Undang-undang Dasar. Ada lembaga negara yang dibentuk, salah satunya Mahkamah Konstitusi RI dan ada lembaga tinggi negara yang dihapus, yaitu Dewan Pertimbangan Agung RI.Dengan adanya perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, maka terjadi reformasi ketatanegaraan Indonesia. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1843

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR LEMBAGA NEGARA DAN SISTIM PENYELENGGARAAN KEKUASAAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR 1945 SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AMANDEMEN

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
H. ISMAIL MZ
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
New Order ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Representative System ◽  
High Level

   The amendment to the 1945 Constitution after the 1998 reform is based on the experience of the practice of state administration by the old and new order governments which are often referred to as authoritarian government systems, both overt and covert. The 1945 Constitution indeed gives enormous power to the President, both Sukarno and Suharto. Weaknesses contained in the 1945 Constitution that triggers the birth of the demands of the reformists to make amendments to the 1945 Constitution, especially concerning the power and term of office of the President. It is important to realize that after the 1945 Constitution is amended, it has very basic implications for the structure of the Republic of Indonesia. Before the amendment to the 1945 Constitution the existing state institutions are the People's Consultative Assembly, the President, the People's Representative Council, the Supreme Consultative Council, the Supreme Audit Board and the Supreme Court, whose titles are divided into two, namely the highest state institutions which are embedded in the People's Consultative Assembly, and the other is a high-level state institution.   After changes or amendments to the 1945 Constitution from 1999 to 2002 have implications for changes in the structure of existing state institutions and the number becomes more than before the change. The state institutions after the change are explicitly mentioned in the nomenclature such as: the People's Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives, the Regional Representative Council, the Regional People's Representative Council, the President and Vice President, the Minister (Specially the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defense ) Governor, Regent, Mayor, Indonesian National Army, Republic of Indonesia National Police, Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, Judicial Commission and Supreme Audit Board. While there are other state institutions whose nomenclature is not mentioned explicitly namely; Advisory Council, Election Commission and Central Bank. As a consequence of the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the constitutional system adopted has also changed. If before the change to the constitutional system adopted is the cameral union representative system, but after the change into the bicameral system, some even called it tri kameral

scholarly journals REDISTRIBUSI KEKUASAAN NEGARA DAN HUBUNGAN ANTAR LEMBAGA NEGARA DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2056-2082
Author(s):  
Rahmat Robuwan
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between state agencies basically can not be separated from the system used by the state government itself. Indonesia as a country that adopts a presidential government certainly has a pattern of distribution of power, although theoretically the presidential government system power state agency separate (separation of power), but the relationship between institutions is not a relative. The mechanism of checks and balances of power destribusi state institutions. Before the amendment, the agency is the State Supreme People's Representative Council (DPR), the President, the Supreme Audit Agency CPC, the Supreme Advisory Council (DPA) and the Supreme Court with the vertical power distribution. Following the amendment to the state institutions teridir of the President, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), House of Representatives (DPR), the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), the Supreme Court (MA), and the Constitutional Court (MK) with distribution horizontal power - functional. The distribution of power still has a problem among others, the discontinuity in the distribution of state agencies ranging from the overlapping powers of the president in participating deliberating the bill with the House, the confusion related to the division between the authority of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court in the perspective of the state administration, the inconsistency of the parliamentary system that it wants to apply and the lack of authority DPD in parliament.

scholarly journals “WOMEN's STRIKE”: THE PROBLEM OF ABORTION IN THE MIRROR OF POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN MODERN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
O.V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Abortion Legislation ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts to trace the impact that the "women's strike" had on the positions of forces in the issue of abortion in modern Poland. The author draws attention to the reaction to the Constitutional Court of Poland and its changes over the past period. The author discovers that only political parties that do not play a significant role in political life are willing to support the protesters on the women's agenda, and that a significant opposition party, as a result of the tightening of the abortion legislation, is coming to an understanding of the need to revise its program in relation to abortion.

scholarly journals Mekanisme Impeachment Presiden dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
I Gede Ngurah Bayu Krisna ◽  
Gusti Bagus Suryawan ◽  
Wayan Arthanaya
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Power ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Legal Arguments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional System

In the course of the Indonesian Constitution, the president has been dismissed four times. This is the cause of the dispute between the two state institutions, namely the Representative Council (DPR) and the President. However, after reformation, the process of dismissing the President had to go through several stages. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the impeachment mechanism of the President in the Indonesian constitutional system and to find out the consequences of the Constitutional Court's legal decisions upon the DPR's request. This research uses the normative type by looking at the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia concerning impeachment. The data sources used were law and documentation. Then, all data is processed and analyzed with deductive-inductive legal arguments. The results showed that before the reformation, government power was very large and centralized, giving birth to an undemocratic government, and the impeachment process of the President used political rather than juridical reasons. However, after the reform era, the regulation was made clear by the changes to the three 1945 Constitution that gave birth to a new institution, namely the Constitutional Court, automatically the post-reform Impeachment must go through a new legal institution after that a political institution

scholarly journals Changing constitutional identity: Constitutional reform and new concept of human rights in Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Dimitry Gegenava
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
International Context ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Constitutional Identity

Constitutional reform of 2017 – 2018 amended the whole text of Georgian basic law, including the 2nd chapter – Basic Human Rights. Many articles and human rights were displaced to other chapters as general principles, some new and postmodern rights were added to the text. These changes are not only ordinary amendments; they make constitutional court and other state organs to realize their duties, and individuals to find new ways of protection of their rights. New constitutional regulation raises new forms and meanings, but this novation includes risks and perils, that should be discussed and analysed not only in the light of national constitutional law, but also in comparative and international context. This article describes main directions of amendments in the chapter on human rights and analyses perspectives, positive and negative aspects of them.

scholarly journals KAJIAN NORMATIF MENGENAI HUBUNGAN ANTAR LEMBAGA NEGARA DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR TAHUN 1945: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AMANDEMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Tri Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Negara Indonesia adalah Negara hukum, artinya bahwa negara yang menempatkan hukum sebagai dasar kekuasaan negara dan penyelenggaraan kekuasaan tersebut dalam segala bentuknya dilakukan di bawah kekuasaan hukum. Sifat dari negara hukum hanya dapat ditunjukkan apabila alat-alat perlengkapan negara yaitu lembaga-lembaga negara bertindak menurut dan terikat kepada aturan-aturan yang telah ditetapkan. Lembaga Tinggi Negara yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah Lembaga Tinggi Negara yang nama, fungsi dan kewenanganya dibentuk berdasarkan Konstitusi atau Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yaitu: Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan. Sehubungan dengan dasar pembentukan Lembaga Tinggi Negara adalah Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, dan telah mengalami amandemen 4 kali maka struktur dan hubungan mereka dalam menjalakan tugas pemerintahan dari sebelum dan sesudah amandemen tentunya juga mengalami perubahan. Dengan pendekatan <em>yuridis normatif</em>, dan uraian yang diskriptif analisis, ditemukan jawaban bahwa struktur lembaga negara beserta hubungan diantara lembaga negara telah mengalami pergeseran setelah dilakukan amandemen. Pada dasarnya hubungan diantara lembaga negara tidak banyak mengalami perubahan. Namun perubahan itu justru tampak dalam struktur lembaga negaranya. Sebelum amandemen struktur lembaga negara terdiri dari MPR sebagai lembaga tertinggi, Presiden, DPR, DPA, BPK dan MA. Namun setelah dilakukan amandemen lembaga negara berkembang yaitu MPR, DPR, DPD, Presiden, MA, MK, dan BPK. Perbedaanya ada dipoint pengapusan istilah lembaga tertinggi, sehingga semua menjadi lembaga tinggi negara.</p><p> </p><p class="Default"><em>Indonesia is a country of law, meaning that the country as the law is the basis of state power and the implementation of the power in all its forms is done under the rule of law. The nature of the state law can only be shown if the scientific equipment is state state institutions and bound to act according to the rules that have been set. State Agency referred to in this research is the State Agency name, function and an arbitrary set up under the Constitution or the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, namely: President and Vice-President, People's Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives, Regional Representatives Council, The Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, and the Supreme Audit Agency. In connection with establishing the State Agency is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, and has undergone amendments 4 times the structures and their relationship to run the task of the government before and after the amendment would also change. With normative juridical approach, and a description of the descriptive analysis, found the answer that the structure of state institutions as well as the relationship between the state institutions have experienced a shift after the amendment. Basically the relationship between the state institutions has not changed much. But it is precisely looked into the institutional structure of the country. Prior to the amendment of the structure of state institutions consist of the Assembly as the highest institution, President, Parliament, DPA, BPK and MA. However, after the amendment of the developing state institutions, namely the MPR, DPR, DPD, President, Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and the CPC. No difference dipoint term elimination highest institution, so all became state institutions. </em></p><p class="Default"><em> </em></p>

Rethinking Judicial Review: The Latest Decision of the Plenum of the Federal Constitutional Court

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 991-1007
Author(s):  
Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Rechtliches Gehör

In the past few years, almost half of the Verfassungsbeschwerden (individual constitutional complaints) brought before the Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVerfG –Federal Constitutional Court) claimed a violation of the Recht auf rechtliches Gehör (right to a hearing in court), guaranteed in Art. 103 para. 1 of the Grundgesetz (GG – German Basic Law). These constitutional complaints do not only constitute the largest number of all constitutional complaints, they are also the most successful ones: If such a violation is plausible, then the Court usually does not make use of its discretion to refuse to hear the case, but rules on the merits in favor of the complainants.

Justice & Memory: South Africa's Constitutional Court

Daedalus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate O'Regan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
New Order ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Relationship

In a society such as South Africa in which the past has been deeply unjust, and in which the law and judges have been central to that injustice, establishing a shared conception of justice is particularly hard. There are four important strands of history and memory that affect the conception of justice in democratic, post-apartheid South Africa. Two of these, the role of law in the implementation of apartheid, and the grant of amnesty to perpetrators of gross human rights violations, are strands of memory that tend to undermine the establishment of a shared expectation of justice through law. Two others, the deeprooted cultural practice of justice in traditional southern African communities, and the use of law in the struggle against apartheid, support an expectation of justice in our new order. Lawyers and judges striving to establish a just new order must be mindful of these strands of memory that speak to the relationship between law and justice.

Past and present of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation: formation and change of parameters of its constitutional and legal model

2021 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kryazhkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
European Model ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Body

The article is devoted to the evolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation over 30 years. It is shown how pre-revolutionary ideas about a state body capable of protecting the Basic Law were formed, the attitude towards it in the USSR – from complete denial to recognition of the permissibility of its embedding under certain conditions in the system of Soviet power. The approaches related to the establishment and creation of the initial legislative foundations of the Constitutional Court in perestroika Russia, oriented to the European model of constitutional justice, are considered. The prerequisites, content and process of transformation of the key elements of this model in the post-crisis period (1993 - 1994), their subsequent changes (2001 - 2018) and radical renewal as a result of the constitutional reform of 2020 are analyzed.

Taking “Rechts” Seriously: Ronald Dworkin and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The World ◽  
German Model ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
State Of Affairs

Over the past 60 years the German Basic Law has become one of the most influential constitutional systems in the world. According to some commentators, the German model rivals even U.S. constitutionalism as the preeminent legal system in the world. This state of affairs is apparent in the dozens of states across Europe and Latin America that have adopted the German model.

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