Working Memory Accuracy Micro-controlled through a Tablet Pen

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-507
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Takita ◽  
Ryu Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Accuracy

Effects of Stress and Task Difficulty on Working Memory and Cortical Networking

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Kim ◽  
Jihwan Woo ◽  
Minjung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
High Stress Condition ◽  
And Task

This study investigated interactive effects of stress and task difficulty on working memory and cortico-cortical communication during memory encoding. Thirty-eight adolescent participants (mean age of 15.7 ± 1.5 years) completed easy and hard working memory tasks under low- and high-stress conditions. We analyzed the accuracy and reaction time (RT) of working memory performance and inter- and intrahemispheric electroencephalogram coherences during memory encoding. Working memory accuracy was higher, and RT shorter, in the easy versus the hard task. RT was shorter under the high-stress (TENS) versus low-stress (no-TENS) condition, while there was no difference in memory accuracy between the two stress conditions. For electroencephalogram coherence, we found higher interhemispheric coherence in all bands but only at frontal electrode sites in the easy versus the hard task. On the other hand, intrahemispheric coherence was higher in the left hemisphere in the easy (versus hard task) and higher in the right hemisphere (with one exception) in the hard (versus easy task). Inter- and intracoherences were higher in the low- versus high-stress condition. Significant interactions between task difficulty and stress condition were observed in coherences of the beta frequency band. The difference in coherence between low- and high-stress conditions was greater in the hard compared with the easy task, with lower coherence under the high-stress condition relative to the low-stress condition. Stress seemed to cause a decrease in cortical network communications between memory-relevant cortical areas as task difficulty increased.

scholarly journals Comparing Visual Memories to Novel Visual Input Risks Lasting Memory Distortion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Saito ◽  
Katherine Duncan ◽  
Keisuke Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Real World ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Distortion ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Memory Distortions

Maintaining perceptual experiences in visual working memory (VWM) allows us to flexibly accomplish various tasks, but some tasks come at a price. For example, comparing VWM representations to novel perceptual inputs can induce inadvertent memory distortions. If these distortions persist, they may explain why everyday memories often become unreliable after people perform perceptual comparisons (e.g., eyewitness testimony). Here, we conducted two experiments to assess the consequences of perceptual comparisons using real-world objects that were temporarily maintained in VWM (n = 32) or recalled from long-term memory back into VWM (n = 30). In each experiment, young adults reported systematic memory distortions following perceptual comparisons. These distortions increased in magnitude with the delay between encoding and comparisons and were preserved when memories were retrieved again a day later. These findings suggest that perceptual comparisons play a mechanistic role in everyday memory distortions, including situations where memory accuracy is vital.

scholarly journals Assessing neurophysiological changes associated with combined transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive emotional training for treatment-resistant depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Nikolin ◽  
Donel Martin ◽  
Colleen K. Loo ◽  
Brian M. Iacoviello ◽  
Tjeerd W. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Resistant Depression

ABSTRACTTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, is a promising treatment for depression. Recent research suggests that tDCS efficacy can be augmented using concurrent cognitive emotional training (CET). However, the neurophysiological changes associated with this combined intervention remain to be elucidated. We therefore examined the effects of tDCS combined with CET using electroencephalography (EEG). A total of 20 participants with treatment resistant depression took part in this open-label study and received 18 sessions over 6 weeks of tDCS and concurrent CET. Resting-state and task-related EEG during a 3-back working memory task were aquired at baseline and immediately following the treatment course. Results showed an improvement in mood and working memory accuracy, but not response time, following the intervention. We did not find significant effects of the intervention on resting-state power spectral density (frontal theta and alpha asymmetry), time-frequency power (alpha event-related desynchronization and theta event-related synchronisation), or event-related potentials (P2 and P3 components). We therefore identified little evidence of neurophysiological changes associated with treatment using tDCS and concurrent CET, despite significant improvements in mood and near transfer effects of cognitive training to working memory accuracy. Further research incorporating a sham controlled group may be necessary to identify the neurophysiological effects of the intervention.

scholarly journals Subcortical Volume Changes in Early Menopausal Women and Correlation With Neuropsychological Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Zhang ◽  
Weijie Fan ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Mingfu Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
Subcortical Volume

Background: The aging process and declining estradiol levels are two important factors that cause structural brain alterations. Many prior studies have investigated these two elements and revealed controversial results in menopausal women. Here, a cross-sectional study was designed to individually evaluate estradiol-related structural changes in the brain.Methods: A total of 45 early menopausal women and 54 age-matched premenopausal controls were enrolled and subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, blood biochemistry tests, and neuropsychological tests. MRI structural images were analyzed using FreeSurfer to detect changes in subcortical and cortical volumes as well as cortical thickness. Finally, structural brain data as well as clinical and neuropsychological data were used for Pearson’s correlation analyses to individually determine estradiol-related structural and functional changes in the brains of early menopausal women.Results: Compared with the premenopausal controls, the early menopausal women showed significant subcortical volumetric loss in the left amygdala and right amygdala, higher serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, more recognizable climacteric and depressive symptoms, decreased quality of sleep, and decreased working memory and executive functions. Simultaneously, FSH levels were related to lower working memory accuracy and longer working memory reaction time. Decreased subcortical volume in the bilateral amygdala was also related to lower working memory accuracy and longer executive reaction time in early menopausal women.Conclusion: The data suggest that estradiol deficiency in early menopausal women can lead to subcortical volume and functional brain changes, which may contribute to further understanding the neurobiological role of declined estradiol levels in early menopausal women.

Working memory for self-initiated and provided spatial configurations

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2186-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Magen ◽  
Tatiana Aloi Emmanouil
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Complex Sequences ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Sequence Parameters ◽  
The Ideal

During a typical day, people temporarily memorise information provided to them. However, they memorise as often information they actively choose themselves. Although prevalent in everyday behaviour, this aspect of working memory (WM), we term self-initiated WM, has been largely unexplored. In this study, we used a modified spatial span task in which participants constructed the spatial sequences they maintained in memory. The results of three experiments demonstrated that participants planned and constructed structured spatial sequences by minimising the distances between successive locations and by selecting sequences with fewer path crossings. The sequences were initiated most often on the top left side. Memory accuracy was enhanced when participants memorised self-initiated spatial sequences, even when the self-initiated and provided sequences were matched for structure. When asked to construct spatial sequences for a hypothetical competitor in a memory contest, participants constructed complex sequences with longer paths and more path crossings, suggesting that these sequence parameters were under their control. The tendency to initiate the spatial sequences on the top left side remained. Overall, the results suggest that self-initiated WM can benefit from explicit metacognitive knowledge of the ideal structure of memory representations and also demonstrate that self-initiation benefits memory beyond structure.

scholarly journals Stimuli may have little impact on the deficit of visual working memory accuracy in first-episode schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglin She ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Lin Mi ◽  
Haijing Li ◽  
Qijie Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Overestimation of volatility in schizophrenia and autism? A comparative study using a probabilistic reasoning task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Kreis ◽  
Robert Biegler ◽  
Håkon Tjelmeland ◽  
Matthias Mittner ◽  
Solveig Klæbo Reitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Memory Accuracy

Background and Objectives: A plethora of studies has investigated and compared social cognition in autism and schizophrenia ever since both conditions were first described in conjunction more than a century ago. Recent computational theories have proposed similar mechanistic explanations for various symptoms beyond social cognition. They are grounded in the idea of a general misestimation of uncertainty but so far, almost no studies have directly compared both conditions regarding uncertainty processing. The current study aimed to do so with a particular focus on estimation of volatility, i.e. the probability for the environment to change. Methods: A probabilistic decision-making task and a visual working (meta-)memory task were administered to a sample of 86 participants (19 with a diagnosis of highfunctioning autism, 21 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and 46 neurotypically developing individuals). Results: While persons with schizophrenia showed lower visual working memory accuracy than neurotypical individuals, no significant group differences were found for metamemory or any of the probabilistic decision-making task variables. Nevertheless, exploratory analyses suggest that there may be an overestimation of volatility in subgroups of participants with autism and schizophrenia. Correlations revealed relationships between different variables reflecting (mis)estimation of uncertainty, visual working memory accuracy and metamemory. Limitations: Limitations include the comparably small sample sizes of the autism and the schizophrenia group as well as the lack of cognitive ability and clinical symptom measures. Conclusions: The results of the current study provide partial support for the notion of a general uncertainty misestimation account of autism and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Disrupted serial dependence suggests deficits in synaptic potentiation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stein ◽  
J. Barbosa ◽  
M. Rosa-Justicia ◽  
L. Prades ◽  
A. Morató ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Synaptic Potentiation ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory Mechanism ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Cortical Excitation

AbstractWe report markedly reduced working memory-related serial dependence with preserved memory accuracy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia. We argue that NMDAR-related changes in cortical excitation, while quickly destabilizing persistent neural activity, cannot fully account for a reduction of memory-dependent biases. Rather, our modeling results support a disruption of a memory mechanism operating on a longer timescale, such as short-term potentiation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document