Current Status of Vaccine Development for Group B Streptococcus

NeoReviews ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e430-e438 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Puopolo
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwako Kobayashi ◽  
Johan Vekemans ◽  
Carol J. Baker ◽  
Adam J. Ratner ◽  
Kirsty Le Doare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Group B ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Globally, group BStreptococcus(GBS) remains the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young infants, with its greatest burden in the first 90 days of life. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for women at risk of transmitting GBS to their newborns has been effective in reducing, but not eliminating, the young infant GBS disease burden in many high income countries. However, identification of women at risk and administration of IAP is very difficult in many low and middle income country (LMIC) settings, and is not possible for home deliveries. Immunization of pregnant women with a GBS vaccine represents an alternate pathway to protecting newborns from GBS disease, through the transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus in utero. This approach to prevent GBS disease in young infants is currently under development, and is approaching late stage clinical evaluation.This manuscript includes a review of the natural history of the disease, global disease burden estimates, diagnosis and existing control options in different settings, the biological rationale for a vaccine including previous supportive studies, analysis of current candidates in development, possible correlates of protection and current status of immunogenicity assays. Future potential vaccine development pathways to licensure and use in LMICs, trial design and implementation options are discussed, with the objective to provide a basis for reflection, rather than recommendations.

scholarly journals Serotype Distribution, Population Structure, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Group B Streptococcus Strains Recovered from Colonized Pregnant Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Teatero ◽  
Patricia Ferrieri ◽  
Irene Martin ◽  
Walter Demczuk ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTUsing serotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of selected strains, we studied the population structure of 102 group BStreptococcus(GBS) isolates prospectively sampled in 2014 from vaginal/rectal swabs of healthy pregnant women in metropolitan Toronto, Canada. We also determined the susceptibilities of each of the colonizing isolates to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and other antimicrobial agents. Overall, we observed a high rate of tetracycline resistance (89%) among colonizing GBS isolates. We found resistance to erythromycin in 36% of the strains, and 33% were constitutively or inducibly resistant to clindamycin. The most frequently identified serotypes were III (25%), Ia (23%), and V (19%). Serotype IV accounted for 6% of the colonizing isolates, a rate consistent with that observed among patients with invasive GBS infections in metropolitan Toronto. The majority of serotype IV isolates belonged to sequence type (ST)459, a tetracycline-, erythromycin-, and clindamycin-resistant ST first identified in Minnesota, which is considered to be the main driver of serotype IV GBS expansion in North America. WGS revealed that ST459 isolates from Canada are clonally related to colonizing and invasive ST459 organisms circulating in regions of the United States. We also used WGS to study recombination in selected colonizing strains from metropolitan Toronto, which revealed multiple episodes of capsular switching. Present and future circulating GBS organisms and their genetic diversity may influence GBS vaccine development.

scholarly journals Temporal Changes in Invasive Group B Streptococcus Serotypes: Implications for Vaccine Development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0169101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyaad Dangor ◽  
Clare L. Cutland ◽  
Alane Izu ◽  
Gaurav Kwatra ◽  
Siobhan Trenor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of infections caused by group B Streptococcus in pregnant women and newborns, and development of preventive vaccines

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Vasilisa A. Vasilyeva ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Kira V. Shalepo ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Experimental Immunization ◽  
Selection Of

Hypothesis/aims of study. The present analysis was undertaken to summarize current knowledge about molecular properties of group B streptococci (GBS), emphasizing potential targets of vaccines against neonatal GBS infection. Study design, materials, and methods. This review is based on articles published mainly in the last ten years. Results. Epidemiological data on serotypes, multilocus sequence types, clonal complexes of GBS and their relationship are presented. Genetic events in GBS populations indicate significant obstacles to vaccine development. We described key properties of major GBS virulence factors, such as capsular polysaccharide, pili, and cell adhesion molecules, as well as results of experimental immunization on their basis. Conclusion. The population of invasive GBS strains is molecularly and genetically heterogeneous, which complicates selection of vaccine targets. Capsular switching, a low level of immunogenicity and variability of population composition are the most important factors that necessitate the accumulation and monitoring of molecular epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Control of Streptococcal Infections: Is a Common Vaccine Target Achievable Against Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Bedeley ◽  
Andrea Gori ◽  
Dorothy Yeboah-Manu ◽  
Kanny Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group B

Both Streptococcus agalactiae [group B streptococcus (GBS)] and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remain significant pathogens as they cause life threatening infections mostly in children and the elderly. The control of diseases caused by these pathogens is dependent on antibiotics use and appropriate vaccination. The introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against some serotypes has led to reduction in pneumococcal infections, however, the subsequent serotype switching, and replacement has been a serious challenge. On the other hand, no vaccine is yet licensed for use in the control of GBS diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the history and global disease burden, disease pathophysiology and management, vaccines update, and the biology of both pathogens. Furthermore, we address recent findings regarding structural similarities that could be explored for vaccine targets across both mucosal pathogens. Finally, we conclude by proposing future genomic sequence comparison using the wealth of available sequences from both species and the possibility of identifying more related structural components that could be exploited for pan-pathogen vaccine development.

scholarly journals Distribution of Pilus Islands in Streptococcus agalactiae That Cause Human Infections: Insights into Evolution and Implication for Vaccine Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Martins ◽  
A. Andreu ◽  
J. Melo-Cristino ◽  
M. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Group B ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTAt least one pilus island, PI-1 (70%), PI-2a (79%), or PI-2b (21%), was found among 898Streptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococcus [GBS]) isolates recovered from humans, supporting the use of pilus proteins in vaccines. The stability and dominance of PI-1 and PI-2a in multiple serotypes and founder multilocus sequence types disseminated worldwide suggest it could be the PI combination present in ancestral GBS human pathogens.

scholarly journals Virulence-genes Rib and Bca in Serotypes of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Isolated from Symptomatic Pregnant Women in East Coast Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Bahez ◽  
Mohammed Imad Al-Deen Mustafa Mahmud ◽  
Hairul Aini Hamzah ◽  
Hanan Hamimi Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

INTRODUCTION: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of maternally-acquired invasive infections in neonates. Nowadays maternal immunization is of utmost demand for prevention of these infections. We undertook capsular serotyping and virulence factor genes identification for local GBS isolates as a pilot study, to identify potential candidates to propagate vaccine development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive lab -based study to determine GBS serotypes and presence of genes coding virulence factors bca and rib in isolates obtained from symptomatic pregnant women in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Sixty-two GBS isolates from high vaginal swabs were collected. Latex agglutination test was performed to determine GBS serotypes. Real-time PCR was done to determine the presence of virulence genes. RESULTS: Of the 62 GBS isolates, 77.4% were serologically typeable, and 22.6% were non -typeable. Serotypes Ia and Ib (16.1% each) were the most common capsular types, followed by II, V, and VII (9.7% each), III (8.1%), VI (6.5%), and VIII (1.6 %). Furthermore, 67.7% of the isolates harboured the rib gene while 98.4% possessed the bca gene. CONCLUSION: The five known prevalent serotypes worldwide, do not match the CPS distribution in symptomatic pregnant women in Kuantan. However, the frequency of virulence genes rib and bca is high among our isolates, which if confirmed by further bigger and wider studies makes the proteinaceous vaccine, N-terminal domains of Rib and AlpC a suitable candidate for GBS prevention in this geographical area.

scholarly journals Vaccines for Perinatal and Congenital Infections—How Close Are We?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Singh ◽  
Claire E. Otero ◽  
Katherine Li ◽  
Sarah M. Valencia ◽  
Ashley N. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunogen Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Evaluation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Simplex Virus

Congenital and perinatal infections are transmitted from mother to infant during pregnancy across the placenta or during delivery. These infections not only cause pregnancy complications and still birth, but also result in an array of pediatric morbidities caused by physical deformities, neurodevelopmental delays, and impaired vision, mobility and hearing. Due to the burden of these conditions, congenital and perinatal infections may result in lifelong disability and profoundly impact an individual's ability to live to their fullest capacity. While there are vaccines to prevent congenital and perinatal rubella, varicella, and hepatitis B infections, many more are currently in development at various stages of progress. The spectrum of our efforts to understand and address these infections includes observational studies of natural history of disease, epidemiological evaluation of risk factors, immunogen design, preclinical research of protective immunity in animal models, and evaluation of promising candidates in vaccine trials. In this review we summarize this progress in vaccine development research for Cytomegalovirus, Group B Streptococcus, Herpes simplex virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Toxoplasma, Syphilis, and Zika virus congenital and perinatal infections. We then synthesize this evidence to examine how close we are to developing a vaccine for these infections, and highlight areas where research is still needed.

Associations between capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type, and macrolide resistance inStreptococcus agalactiaeisolates from Japanese infants with invasive infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MOROZUMI ◽  
T. WAJIMA ◽  
Y. KUWATA ◽  
N. CHIBA ◽  
K. SUNAOSHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYStreptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococcus; GBS) isolates (n = 150) from infants with invasive infections between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type, and antibiotic susceptibility. In cases with late-onset disease (n = 115), primary meningitis was predominant (62·6%), but represented only 39·1% in cases with early-onset disease (n = 23). The most common serotype was III (58·7%), followed by Ia (21·3%) and Ib (12·7%). Sequence types (STs) of serotype III strains included ST17 (50·0%), ST19 (26·1%), ST335 (18·2%), ST27 (4·5%), and ST1 (1·1%). Predominant STs of serotypes Ia and Ib were ST23 (81·3%) and ST10 (84·2%), respectively. No penicillin-resistant strains were detected, but 22·0% of strains hadmef(A/E),erm(A), orerm(B) genes, which mediate macrolide resistance. A new ST335, possessing anmef(A/E) gene belonging to clonal complex 19 gradually increased in frequency. Improved prevention of invasive GBS infections in infants requires timely identification, and ultimately vaccine development.

scholarly journals Structure ofStreptococcus agalactiaeglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase holoenzyme reveals a novel surface

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chapelle A. Ayres ◽  
Norbert Schormann ◽  
Olga Senkovich ◽  
Alexandra Fry ◽  
Surajit Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenesis ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Group B

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a conserved cytosolic enzyme, which plays a key role in glycolysis. GAPDH catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate using NAD or NADP as a cofactor. In addition, GAPDH localized on the surface of some bacteria is thought to be involved in macromolecular interactions and bacterial pathogenesis. GAPDH on the surface of group B streptococcus (GBS) enhances bacterial virulence and is a potential vaccine candidate. Here, the crystal structure of GBS GAPDH fromStreptococcus agalactiaein complex with NAD is reported at 2.46 Å resolution. Although the overall structure of GBS GAPDH is very similar to those of other GAPDHs, the crystal structure reveals a significant difference in the area spanning residues 294–307, which appears to be more acidic. The amino-acid sequence of this region of GBS GAPDH is also distinct compared with other GAPDHs. This region therefore may be of interest as an immunogen for vaccine development.

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