IMPAIRMENT OF INTESTINAL HYDROLYSIS OF LACTOSE IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Boellner ◽  
Alice G. Beard ◽  
Theodore C. Panos ◽  
Ann Ross
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Galactose Tolerance

A total of 122 oral lactose, glucose, glucose-galactose, and intravenous galactose tolerance tests were performed on 38 premature infants age 0-44 days and on 11 term infants age 0-3 days with the following conclusions: 1. Median fasting blood glucose levels were lower in premature infants than in term infants; values in premature infants rose steadily from 36 mg/100 ml in infants less than 3 days of age to 70 mg/100 ml in infants over 15 days of age. 2. Following orally administered lactose, 30- and 60-minute increments in blood glucose values were significantly less in premature and term infants younger than 3 days than in older infants. This was not true following oral administration of glucose. 3. In premature infants 0-3 days of age, 30- and 60-minute increments were significantly less following lactose than after either glucose or glucose-galactose. After 2 weeks of age, lactose tolerance tests were similar to glucose tolerance tests. 4. Intravenous galactose tolerance tests showed competent conversion of galactose to glucose in all age groups. 5. Significantly greater increments in blood glucose values were observed in premature and term infants less than 3 days of age when lactase was introduced into the duodenum prior to lactose administration. From the present study, it appears that hydrolysis of lactose in the intestine of the newborn infant is relatively impaired during the first few days of life. Further studies with quantitative assays of lactase activity in the intestinal epithelial cells will be necessary to determine whether an absolute insufficiency of lactase exists at birth.

scholarly journals Oral Dextrose Gel Reduces the Need for Intravenous Dextrose Therapy in Neonatal Hypoglycemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munmun Rawat ◽  
Praveen Chandrasekharan ◽  
Stephen Turkovich ◽  
Nancy Barclay ◽  
Katherine Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Before And After

Background: Newborn infants with risk factors may require intravenous (IV) dextrose for asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Administration of IV dextrose and transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may interfere with parent-infant bonding. Objective: To study the effect of implementing dextrose gel supplement with feeds in late preterm/term infants affected by asymptomatic hypoglycemia on reducing IV dextrose therapy. Method: A retrospective study was conducted before and after dextrose gel use: 05/01/2014 to 10/31/2014 and 11/01/2014 to 04/30/2015, respectively. Asymptomatic hypoglycemic (blood glucose level <45 mg/dl) infants in the newborn nursery (NBN) were given a maximum of 3 doses of dextrose gel (200 mg/kg of 40% dextrose) along with feeds. Transfer to the NICU for IV dextrose was considered treatment failure. Results: Dextrose gel with feeds increased the blood glucose level in 184/250 (74%) of asymptomatic hypoglycemic infants compared to 144/248 (58%) with feeds only (p < 0.01). Transfer from the NBN to the NICU for IV dextrose decreased from 35/1,000 to 25/1,000 live births (p < 0.01). Exclusive breastfeeding improved from 19 to 28% (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Use of dextrose gel with feeds reduced the need for IV fluids, avoided separation from the mother and promoted breastfeeding. Neonates who failed dextrose gel therapy were more likely to be large for gestational age, delivered by cesarean section and had lower baseline blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Association of HbA1c levels with diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Chirag Singh ◽  
Shashi Prabha Prasad ◽  
Sucheta Kaul ◽  
Divya Motwani ◽  
Ashish Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hba1c Levels

To study the association of HbA1C levels with diabetic retinopathy. A total of 330 diagnosed diabetic subjects of all age groups and genders participated in the study. They were grouped according to presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy. All patients HbA1C levels along with fasting blood glucose levels was obtained. Observations were made to find the association between HbA1C levels and diabetic retinopathy. Mean HbA1c level among diabetic retinopathy subjects (9.50) was higher than subjects without retinopathy (8.49). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p &#60; 0.05). With high HbA1c levels high mean fasting blood glucose levels were associated (R value: 0.5856). This is a moderate positive correlation. As glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels increases prevalence of diabetic retinopathy also increases and there is a strong relationship between HbA1c levels and diabetic retinopathy.

Detection of Glucose in Human Serum Based on Silicon Dot Probe

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-752
Author(s):  
Kuan Luo ◽  
Xinyu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public metabolic disease that influences 366 million people in the world in 2011, and this number is predicted to rise to 552 million in 2030. DM is clinically diagnosed by a fasting blood glucose that is equal or greater than 7 mM. Therefore, the development of effective glucose biosensor has attracted extensive attention worldwide. Fluorescence- based strategies have sparked tremendous interest due to their rapid response, facile operation, and excellent sensitivity. Many fluorescent compounds have been employed for precise analysis of glucose, including quantum dots, noble metal nanoclusters, up-converting nanoparticles, organic dyes, and composite fluorescent microspheres. Silicon dot as promising quantum dots materials have received extensive attention, owing to their distinct advantages such as biocompatibility, low toxicity and high photostability. Methods: MnO2 nanosheets on the Si nanoparticles (NPs) surface serve as a quencher. Si NPs fluorescence can make a recovery by the addition of H2O2, which can reduce MnO2 to Mn2+, and the glucose can thus be monitored based on the enzymatic conversion of glucose by glucose oxidase to generate H2O2. Therefore, the glucose concentration can be derived by recording the fluorescence recovery spectra of the Si NPs. Results: This probe enabled selective detection of glucose with a linear range of 1-100 μg/mL and a limit of detection of 0.98 μg/mL. Compared with the commercial glucometer, this method showed favorable results and convincing reliability. Conclusion: We have developed a novel method based on MnO2 -nanosheet-modified Si NPs for rapid monitoring of blood glucose levels. By combining the highly sensitive H2O2/MnO2 reaction with the excellent photostability of Si NPs, a highly sensitive, selective, and cost-efficient sensing approach for glucose detection has been designed and applied to monitor glucose levels in human serum with satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Association of a Self-Paid Medically Supervised Weight Management Program with Reversal of Obesity-Associated Impaired Fasting Glucose

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Vijaya Surampudi ◽  
Xinkai Zhou ◽  
Chi-Hong Tseng ◽  
David Heber ◽  
Zhaoping Li
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Weight Management Program ◽  
Glucose Levels

Aims: The progression of prediabetes to T2DM can be delayed through diet modification and weight management. However, the intensive lifestyle program is often not covered by medical insurance. This retrospective analysis evaluates the association of a patient self-paid weight management program on an improvement of blood sugar in overweight and obese patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods: The medical records of 4634 patients who participated in the self-pay UCLA Weight Management Program were reviewed and 2572 patients met the criteria for this retrospective analysis to examine whether this program was associated with the reversal of IFG over 3 months among 1396 patients with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and 1176 with IFG. Results: The patients with IFG lost comparable amounts of weight (10.5 ± 1.3 kg) at three months, as did the subjects with NFG (10.1 ± 1.3 kg). Fasting blood glucose in the IFG group decreased from 108.49 ± 6.4 to 101.8 ± 9.41 mg/dL (p < 0.0001) after three months. There were also significant reductions in triglycerides, and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups in association with weight loss. Conclusion: Our medically supervised self-pay multidisciplinary weight management program was associated with reduced fasting blood glucose levels in patients with IFG over three months with comparable weight loss to patients with NFG.

scholarly journals Status kesehatan dan asupan mikronutrien vegetarian dan nonvegetarian di Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sutiari ◽  
Ali Khomsan ◽  
Hadi Riyadi ◽  
Faisal Anwar ◽  
Desak Putu Yuli Kurniati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Sugar Levels

Health status and micronutrient intake among vegetarian and non-vegetarian in BaliBackground: Several studies have reported that vegetarian diets have health benefits for those adopting the diets.Objective: This study aimed to compare anemia status and micronutrient intake between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in Bali.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bali. A total of 240 samples consisting of 160 vegetarians and 80 non-vegetarians were randomly selected. Hemoglobin (Hb) and fasting blood sugar levels were measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method and enzymatic colorimetric, respectively. Meanwhile, the data on micronutrient intakes were collected by interviews using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the Mann-Whitney test was performed to analyze the differences.Results: The study’s results showed that the mean Hb levels in the vegetarian group were significantly lower than non-vegetarians (p=0.002; p<0.05), and the anemia status in vegetarian women were higher (22.5%) than non-vegetarian women (2.5%). The mean fasting blood glucose level in non-vegetarians was significantly higher than in the vegetarian group (p=0.000; p<0.05). There were no differences in zinc (Zn) intake between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, but there were significant differences (p<0.05) in vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) intakes.Conclusions: There were differences in anemia status and fasting blood glucose levels between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The fasting blood glucose levels of non-vegetarians were higher than vegetarians, and there were differences in the intake of certain micronutrients between vegetarians and non-vegetarians.

scholarly journals UJI ANTIDIABETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Adinda Fransisca Pongoh ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Henki Rotinsulu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of papaya flower ethanol extract (Carica papaya L.) against male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan. This research is experimental. Fifteen rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, each group consisted of 3 rats. The first group was the negative control group given Aquades, the second group was positive control given Glibenklamid, the three groups were 200 mg dose variation groups, four groups were 400 mg dose variations, and the five groups were 800 mg dose variations. Previously, rats were examined fasting blood glucose levels, then mice were induced by an alloxan dose of 120 mg / kgBW intraperitoneally. On the 3rd day blood glucose levels were examined and then treated according to groups for 7 days, measurement of blood glucose levels after the treatment was carried out once every 3 days namely day 3, day 7, and day 10. Data obtained were then analyzed statistically using SPSS , including normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), homogeneity test (Levene), ANOVA test (One way). The results of this study indicate that Papaya Flower (Carica papaya L.) Ethanol Extract can provide the best blood glucose level reduction effect at a dose of 800 mg. Keywords : Antidiabetic, Papaya Flower Extract (Carica papaya L.), Diabettes Mellitus, Male White Rat (Rattus norvegicus), Aloxan.  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Antidiabetik Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan masing- masing kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus. Kelompok pertama kelompok Kontrol negatif yang diberikan Aquades, Kelompok kedua Kontrol Positif yang diberikan Glibenklamid, kelompok tiga kelompok variasi dosis 200 mg, kelompok empat kelompok variasi dosis 400 mg, dan kelompok lima kelompok variasi dosis 800 mg. Sebelumnya tikus dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa, selanjutnya tikus diinduksi Aloksan dosis 120 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal. Pada hari ke 3 diperiksa kadar Glukosa darah kemudian diberikan perlakuan sesuai kelompok selama 7 hari, pengukuran kadar glukosa darah setelah perlakuan dilakukan 3 hari sekali yaitu hari ke 3, hari ke 7, dan hari ke 10. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS, meliputi uji normalitas (Shapiro-Wilk), uji homogenitas (Levene), uji ANOVA (One way). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)  dapat memberikan efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang paling baik yaitu pada dosis 800 mg. Kata kunci : Antidiabetik, Ekstrak Bunga pepaya (Carica papaya L.), Diabettes Mellitus, TikusPutih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus), Aloksan.

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