RADIOIODINE UPTAKE CURVE IN HUMANS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-633
Author(s):  
GEORGE H. LOWREY ◽  
WILLIAM H. BEIERWALTERS ◽  
ISADORE LAMPE ◽  
HENRY J. GOMBERG

The rate of uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland was measured in a series of 26 children. Twelve of these children were normal with regard to being free of any disease that would markedly alter body metabolism. All these subjects showed similar and characteristic curves of uptake of the isotope. Fourteen abnormal children were studied similarly. The curves of 12 of these clearly deviated from those of the normal group. All patients in this series with established thyroid dysfunction showed similar and characteristic curves and could be easily divided into three categories: hypofunction, hyperfunction and colloid goiter. Three patients (one mongolian idiot, one dwarf and one hypothalamic syndrome) showed abnormal curves which varied from that typical of definite hypothyroidism but were similar. One patient with gargoylism had a curve typical of hypothyroidism. It can be postulated that these patients may have primary or secondary (to the pituitary or neurogenic mechanisms) hypothyroidism. One patient each with nephrosis and rheumatic fever displayed normal curves. From the results reported in this communication, plus others that have been reported in the literature, it would appear that the procedure is a valuable one in estimating the relative degree of thyroid function. It is a tool of diagnostic importance and has a greater specificity than most of the other methods used in measuring thyroid function in infants and children. It should be recognized, however, that others have demonstrated a certain degree of overlapping in the radioiodine uptake curves obtained on normal and abnormal subjects.

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Vasudev Sankhla ◽  
Aman Deep

Thyroid function tests are one of the most common endocrine panels in general practice because a good understanding of when to order them, indications for treatment are important for the optimal treatment of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) should be the rst test to be performed on any patient with suspected thyroid dysfunction and in follow-up of individuals on treatment. It is useful as a rst-line test because even small changes in thyroid function are sufcient to cause a signicant increase in TSH secretion. Thyroxine levels may be assessed in a patient with hyperthyroidism, to determine the severity of hyperthyroxinemia. Antithyroid peroxidase measurements should be considered while evaluating patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and can facilitate the identication of autoimmune thyroiditis during the evaluation of nodular thyroid disease. The measurement of TSH receptor antibody must be considered when conrmation of Graves’ disease is needed and radioactive iodine uptake cannot be done.


1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Anders Dahlberg ◽  
Rolf Jansson

Abstract. During a 4 year period 19 women with post-partum onset of thyroid dysfunction have been seen in our clinic. Five women had high radioiodine uptake thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease). Twelve women had hypothyroid symptoms starting within 3–6 months of delivery. All of these women had thyroid microsomal and/or cytoplasmic autoantibodies and thyroid lymphocytic infiltration suggesting aggravation of pre-existing subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease). At follow-up thyroid function gradually improved in all but signs of persistent thyroid hypofunction remained in seven. Thus women developing symptomatic postpartum hypothyroidism should be followed regularly and when thyroxine treatment is commenced in the post-partum period, it has to be continued indefinitely in many cases. Two women presented with transient low radioiodine uptake thyrotoxicosis and a small painless goitre. Thyroid cytology revealed thyroiditis but they had no thyroid autoantibodies. When followed after a succeeding delivery none of these women developed post-partum thyroid dysfunction in contrast to women in the autoimmune group. Probably the aetiology of thyroid dysfunction in these 2 women was different.


1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 457-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
G. Hintze ◽  
R. Jussila ◽  
M. Berlin

ABSTRACT A series of cases of clinically diagnosed subacute thyroiditis comprising 11 patients is reported. Studies on the iodine metabolism, electrophoretic distribution of the serum proteins and the responsiveness to TSH were carried out. The patients were observed for periods up to 16 months from the onset of the disease. In the early phase there was an elevation of the serum PBI in a few cases and hyperthyroid signs in some, accompanied by depressed thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine and a fairly good response to TSH. Later, the thyroid grew hard and the iodine metabolism changed. In several cases there was a marked increase in the conversion ratio and the serum PB131I level. The responses to TSH was variable for different parameters of thyroid function, suggesting a state of »low thyroid reserve« as defined by Jefferies et al. (1956). Hypothyroidism developed in 3 cases; in two of them there was a response to exogenous TSH, in the third no response was seen at this stage of the disease. Cortisone and synthetic analogues seem to be of great benefit in the treatment of the acute symptoms of the disease.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110251
Author(s):  
Wenfan Luo ◽  
Shuai Wu ◽  
Hongjie Chen ◽  
Yin Wu ◽  
Jie Peng

Objective To investigate the influence of thyroid dysfunction on the antiviral efficacy of α-interferon in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods We performed a retrospective study of 342 patients with CHB who underwent interferon treatment for >12 weeks. Patients with thyroid dysfunction before or during treatment were defined as the thyroid dysfunction group (n = 141) and those with normal thyroid function were defined as the normal thyroid function group (n = 201). The prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA undetectability, low hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titre (<250 IU/mL), HBsAg loss, and hepatitis B envelope antigen loss were compared. Results During interferon treatment, 69 of 270 (25.6%) participants with normal thyroid function at baseline developed thyroid dysfunction, whereas 11 of 72 (15.3%) with thyroid dysfunction at baseline regained normal thyroid function. The thyroid dysfunction group had significantly higher prevalences of low HBsAg titre (29.8% vs. 18.9%) and HBV DNA undetectability (66.0% vs. 40.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that thyroid dysfunction was associated with HBsAg loss (odds ratio 4.945, 95% confidence interval 1.325–18.462). Conclusions These results suggest that thyroid dysfunction is not an absolute contraindication, but is associated with HBsAg loss, in patients with CHB undergoing α-interferon treatment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1299-e1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Razvi ◽  
Owain Leng ◽  
Avais Jabbar ◽  
Arjola Bano ◽  
Lorna Ingoe ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the impact of blood sample timing on the diagnosis of subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD) and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients, Design, and Main Outcome Measures Patients with AMI had thyroid function evaluated on admission between December 2014 and December 2016 and those with abnormal serum thyrotropin (TSH) had repeat thyroid function assessed at least a week later. The association between sample timing and SCTD was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Secondary outcomes were confirmation of SCTD on repeat testing and all-cause mortality up to June 2018. Results Of the 1806 patients [29.2% women, mean (± standard deviation) age of 64.2 (±12.1) years] analyzed, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was 17.2% (n = 311) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) was 1.2% (n = 22) using a uniform TSH reference interval. The risk of being diagnosed with SCTD varied by sample timing in fully-adjusted models. The risk of SCH was highest between 00.01 and 06.00 hours and lowest between 12.01 and 18.00 hours, P for trend &lt;.001, and risk of SHyper was highest between 12.01 hours and 18.00 hours and lowest between 00.01 hours and 06.00 hours. Furthermore, time of the initial sample was associated with the risk of remaining in a SCH state subsequently. Mortality in SCH patients was not elevated when a uniform TSH reference interval was utilized. However, when time period–specific TSH reference ranges were utilized, the mortality risk was significantly higher in SCH patients with HR (95% CI) of 2.26 (1.01–5.19), P = .04. Conclusions Sample timing impacts on the diagnosis and prognosis of SCH in AMI patients. If sample timing is not accounted for, SCH is systemically misclassified, and its measurable influence on mortality is lost.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Philip Robinson ◽  
Michael D’Emden ◽  
Kassam Mahomed

Background First-trimester care of maternal thyroid dysfunction has previously been shown to be poor. This study evaluates early management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in Australia. Methods Patients reviewed by the Obstetric Medicine team for thyroid dysfunction from 1 January 2012 to 30 June 2013 were included. Data were collected on gestation at referral from the patient’s general practitioner to the antenatal clinic, information provided in the referral letter, thyroid function tests and thyroid medications. Results Eighty-five women were included in the study. At the time of general practitioner referral to antenatal services, 19% of women with preexisting thyroid disease had no thyroid function tested. Forty-three percent had an abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone defined as being outside the laboratory-specific pregnancy reference range if available, or outside the level of 0.1–2.5 mIu/L in the first trimester, 0.2–3.0 mIu/L in the second trimester and 0.3–3.0 mIu/L in the third trimester. Only 21% of women increased their thyroxine dose prior to their first antenatal clinic review. Conclusion This study highlights that a significant proportion of women with known thyroid disease either have untested thyroid function in the first trimester or a thyroid-stimulating hormone outside of levels recommended by guidelines.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
С.И. Сабирова ◽  
С.Г. Надырова ◽  
А.Б. Жанзак ◽  
А.Е. Манасбаева ◽  
Ж.Ж. Нургалиева

Целью научной работы является изучение структуры заболеваний щитовидной железы у больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа. В данной статье мы ретроспективно проанализировали 972 историй болезни больных детей с СД 1 типа, находившихся на стационарном лечении в ДГКБ №2 г. Алматы (Казахстан) в период с 2014 по 2019 гг. Были изучены и оценены показатели физического развития, объективные данные (кожные покровы, ЧСС, АД, пальпация ЩЖ), лабораторно - уровней гормонов ТТГ, свТ4, свТ3, а/т к ТПО, а/т к ТГ в сыворотки крови, инструментально - УЗИ ЩЖ. Всего за 2014-2019 гг. через отделение эндокринологии ДГКБ №2 прошли 972 детей с диагнозом СД 1 типа. Большинство детей (382 человек, 79,9%) имели стаж болезни СД до 5 лет. 88 детей (18,5%) со стажем от 5 до 10 лет, 8 человек (1,7%) страдали СД более 10 лет. СД1 в основном был диагностирован в возрасте 7-12 лет (245-51,3%), меньше всего выявили СД 1 типа у детей до 3 лет (21 - 4,4%). Из общего количества пациентов с СД1 (972) было обследовано на функцию ЩЖ 478 детей (49,2%). Среди них было выявлено 319 детей с дисфункцией ЩЖ, что составляет 66,7%. Так, за 2014 год из 92 детей - 7 (7,6%), обследованных на функцию щитовидной железы, в результате чего было выявлено 6 (85,7%) детей с дисфункцией щитовидной железы. С каждым годом росло количество детей, которых направляли на обследование ЩЖ, так в сравнении с 2014 годом, когда из 92 детей - 7 (7,6%) были обследованы на функцию щитовидной железы, в 2019 году были обследованы уже 222 (92,1%) детей из 241. Симптомы как гиперфункции, так и гипофункции ЩЖ, особенно их субклинические варианты протекают под маской других заболевании и не сразу обнаруживаются, исходя из этого следует сразу обследовать на функцию ЩЖ при поступлении и в дальнейшим их наблюдать в динамике. В ходе исследования дисфункция щитовидной железы диагностирована у 319 (67,7%) пациентов, что должно привлечь внимание не только эндокринологов, но и врачей общей практики, педиатров и настроить их на прицельный поиск этой патологии и своевременную коррекцию гипотиреоза или другой патологии ЩЖ при его наличии The purpose of this research is to study the structure of thyroid diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes. In this article, we retrospectively analyzed 972 case histories of sick children with type 1 diabetes who were treated in the children's city clinical hospital No. 2 in Almaty (Kazakhstan) in the period from 2014 to 2019. Physical development indicators, objective data (skin, heart rate, blood pressure, thyroid palpation), laboratory levels of TSH, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, antibodies to thyroperoxidase, antibodies to thyroglobulin in blood serum, instrumental ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland were studied and evaluated. In total, in 2014-2019, 972 children with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus passed through the endocrinology Department of the children's city clinical hospital No. 2.The majority of children (382 people, 79.9%) had a history of diabetes up to 5 years. 88 children (18.5%) with experience from 5 to 10 years, 8 people (1.7%) had diabetes for more than 10 years. Type 1 diabetes was mainly diagnosed at the age of 7-12 years (245-51. 3%), the least detected type 1 diabetes in children under 3 years (21 - 4.4%). Out of the total number of patients with type 1 diabetes (972), 478 children (49.2%) were examined for thyroid function. Among them, 319 children with thyroid dysfunction were identified, which is 66.7%. So, in 2014, out of 92 children, 7 (7.6%) were examined for thyroid function, as a result of which 6 (85.7%) children had thyroid dysfunction. Every year, the number of children referred for thyroid examination increased, so compared to 2014, when out of 92 children - 7 (7.6%) were examined for thyroid function, in 2019, 222 (92.1%) children out of 241 were examined. Symptoms of both hyperfunction and hypofunction of the thyroid gland, especially their subclinical variants, occur under the guise of other diseases and are not immediately detected, so you should immediately investigate the function of the thyroid gland at admission and further observe them in dynamics. During the study, thyroid dysfunction was diagnosed in 319 (67.7%) patients, which should attract the attention of not only endocrinologists, but also General practitioners, pediatricians and set them up for a targeted search for this pathology and timely correction of hypothyroidism or other thyroid pathology if it is present.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Sharmin Quddus ◽  
Fatima Begum ◽  
Nasreen Sultana ◽  
Rahima Perveen ◽  
Tapati Mandal ◽  
...  

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The modified fixed doses of radioactive iodine (RAI) in different types of hyperthyroidism had been practiced at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine &amp; Allied Science (NINMAS) according to Society of Nuclear Medicine Bangladesh (SNMB) protocol since 2002 which was upgraded in 2015. The objective of the study was to observe the treatment outcome in modified fixed dose on previous protocol. Patients and Methods: In the present study the outcome of radioiodine therapy of hyperthyroid patients was retrospectively evaluated in 1349 consecutive primary hyperthyroid patients treated from January 2010 to December 2014 at NINMAS. Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was done by thyroid function test; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3)   &amp; free thyroxine (FT4), 99m Technetium scan, thyroid radioiodine uptake and ultrasound imaging of thyroid gland. All patients received a fixed dose (8-29 m Ci) of radioactive iodine (RAI) depending on types of hyperthyroidism, visual assessment of gland size and severity of disease at diagnosis. They were followed up at 2 months of therapy, then every three months intervals for first year and thereafter 6 monthly up to 5 years or as needed during fluctuation of thyroid function.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Among the study population, 832 patients had diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease), 369 patients were diagnosed as toxic multinodular goiter and 148 patients with single toxic nodule. At one year follow-up, permanent hypothyroidism occurred in 61.62% of patients and the cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism progressively increased up to 79.25% after 5 years. Cure or success of RAI therapy was considered as attainment of euthyroid state or hypothyroid state. About 11.26 % patients received more than single dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fixed dose RAI therapy is very much cost effective mode of treatment for primary hyperthyroidism with ~89% success by giving single dose.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(1): 37-40, January 2017</p>


1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davidson ◽  
Craig D. Turnbull

The diagnostic importance of vegetative symptoms for melancholia was examined through DSM-III, the Newcastle Scale, and Extracted Criteria for melancholia. Statistically significant differences were diagnostically unimpressive in the case of DSM-III and the Newcastle criteria. With the Extracted Criteria, initial insomnia, early waking, anorexia, weight loss, loss of libido, and worsened mood in the morning were all significantly more common in melancholia than in non-melancholic depression, while increased appetite was more common in non-melancholia. Only diurnal variation of mood (worse in the morning) showed predictive value for melancholia; whereas the other traditional vegetative symptoms (disturbed sleep, weight, and libido) did not. Increased appetite and diurnal variation of mood (worse in the evening) were predictive for non-melancholia.


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