Unusual location of osteochondroma in the temporal region in a patient with functional pituitary adenoma

Osteochondromas are common in the long bones and relatively rare in the head and neck regions. We herein report a case of a solitary temporal bone osteochondroma associated with a functional pituitary adenoma hypersecreting prolactin. The patient was a 48-year-old man with progressive, painless temporal swelling associated with gradual visual loss, gynaecomastia, erectile dysfunction, and loss of libido. A brain computed tomography scan with bone windows showed right temporal sessile bony expansion and a pituitary tumour. A pituitary function test revealed hyperprolactinaemia. His symptoms resolved with medical management, and excisional biopsy of the temporal tumour confirmed an osteochondroma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solitary temporal bone osteochondroma with a functional pituitary adenoma hypersecreting prolactin.

Surgical menopause: A toolkit for healthcare professionals

Surgical menopause (bilateral oophorectomy) is commonly undertaken during a hysterectomy to treat various medical conditions. Menopausal symptoms can be particularly severe due to the sudden loss of ovarian function. This clinical toolkit is intended to guide healthcare professionals caring for women undergoing surgical menopause. Women commonly experience vasomotor symptoms, sexual dysfunction and an increased risk of cardiovascular and osteoporotic disease. Compared with a natural menopause, loss of libido can be more pronounced following a surgical menopause. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) plays a significant role in managing surgical menopause, especially in women aged under 45 years old. All women undergoing surgical menopause should have adequate counselling regarding the hormonal consequences of surgery and the role of HRT with a view to provide individualised, patient-centred care.

Importance of proper diet after thyroidectomy in diabetic patients: A short communication

Thyroidectomy is a surgical technique used to treat cancer, noncancerous thyroid enlargement, goiter, and hyperthyroidism. It is a procedure to remove all or sections of the thyroid gland. Most importantly, some common complications are often observed, like weight gain, loss of libido, and vocal cord paresis or paralysis after thyroidectomy. After surgery, diabetic patients are more prone to comorbidities such as kidney disease, eyes health issues, hypertension, obesity, etc. This study highlighted the probable diet and essential home-based nutrition for post thyroidectomy complications. Weight gain is the common complaint of most patients who underwent surgery. Currently, there are insufficient data that do not provide clear conclusions about post-surgery diet plan. However, low carbohydrate, low fat but high veg-protein-rich diet are altogether helpful for weight loss, diabetes, and related complication. More research is needed in the medical nutrition therapies segment to get more dietary options for such patients.

Diabetes Mellitus Among Hospitalized Patients in Mukalla City, Yemen: Prevalence, symptoms and complications

The purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the burden of DM among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Mukalla city at eastern Yemen.Patients and methods: It is a cross sectional study among patients admitted to in three main hospitals in Mukalla city. Results: the prevalence of DM among admitted patients to the three hospitals in Mukalla city is 16.6%. Age specific prevalence rate is higher among adults over 40 years (40.3%) than the younger patients (2.2%). In a logistic regression only, age is a determinate factor to DM. The main symptoms and signs of the hospitalized DM patients are: polyurea (72.6%), polydipsia (70.5%), blurring of vision (57.9%), marked loss of weight (54.7%) Paresthesia (51.2%) and polyphagia (34.7%). The main complications among hospitalized DM patients are difficulty of vision (60.8%), Foot ulcer (53.6%) and loss of libido (49.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among hospitalized patients is high.

A Detailed Biological Approach on Hormonal Imbalance Causing Depression in Critical Periods (Postpartum, Postmenopausal and Perimenopausal Depression) in Adult Women

Background: In today's global world, most women are experiencing midlife health problems which can affect their lives and mental status. Most of the diseases occurr after childbirth and during pregnancy or gestation period which can lead to severe problems such as postpartum depression (PPD), postmenopausal depression, perimenopausal depression which ultimately affects the mental health condition and develop various depressive episodes which ultimately lead to depression in women. Objective: The review paper gives the information that if there is untreated maternal depression then it can lead to anxiety, fear, negative effect on child development, disruption of the mother-infant relationship, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the early life of infants. Hormone levels are changed at the time of pregnancy. Methods: The data was collected by studying combination of research and review papers from different databases like PubMed, Medline, and Web of science by using search keywords like “Postpartum depression”, “Postmenopausal depression”, “Risk factors”, “Pathogenesis of PPD”, “Predictors of postpartum depression”. Results: This can lead to disrupting the quality of life of menopausal women like deficiency of nutrients, not properly regular physical activities, elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), loss of libido (loss of interest in sexual activities), due to the lack of education, and awareness among the people. Factors like increase in physical activity can naturally help in PPD condition. Mind body therapy, drug therapy and cognitive and mindfulness-based therapies help in hormonal imbalances. Conclusion: It was found that low birth weight and congenital abnormalities in babies lead to affect depression after delivery. It is recommended that health care providers and physicians are provided with information regarding factors contributing PPD and postmenopausal depression. Sleep timings and consumptions of nutraceuticals can help in natural healing with depression amongst women suffering from postpartum, postmenopausal and perimenopausal depression.

A Review on Protective Action of Herbal Drugs Against Fall-Off Libido Due to Chronic Use of Β-Blockers(Propranolol)

From the ancient times human have always tried to correct the sex related problems from various herbal medicinal plants and their extracts with various dosage forms. The history of sex therapy is very old and herbal drugs have been the great reliever as the sex therapy from the evolution of human. Instead of the current scenario with the synthetic compounds the herbal drugs are far more safe and comparatively effective without any serious side effects. Antihypertensives such as β-blockers can cause the side effects which are responsible for the diminished quality of life. The chronic use of such drugs can be more fatal in some cases than their actual gain. Several sexual problems can occur such as erectile dysfunction , loss of libido, ejaculation disorders etc. The phytochemicals found in the plants which are having aphrodisiac properties shows sildenafil like effect on human body without the side effects of synthetic compound. The pharmaceutically active compounds found in natural aphrodisiacs such as flavonoids , saponins, free amino acids and vitamins are known to be libido enhancer and hence useful in treating sexual disorders. The natural aphrodisiacs can be derived from any source including medicinal plants , vegetables, flowers ,roots or fruits and their pharmacological potential varies as per the part of the plant used. The target of this review article is to deliver information about medicinal plants for the protective action against fall-off libido due to chronic use of β-blockers and to investigate for further secondary phytochemicals for aphrodisiac potential.

817 Loss of Libido in A Man with An Incidental Leydig Cell Tumour Of the Testis: A Rare Tumour Discovered Following an Isolated Common Complaint

Introduction Leydig cell tumours (LCTs) are rare testicular stromal neoplasms classically presenting with a painless testicular mass or swelling in adults. Symptoms secondary to hypogonadism may occur resulting from the hormonal activity of these tumours. Loss of libido is described in LCTs in conjunction with other symptoms; however, no case has reported this as the sole presenting feature. Case report We describe the case of a 42-year-old man presenting to his General Practitioner with loss of libido and no other features suspicious of testicular cancer. Ultrasound performed due to an unrelated epididymal cyst detected an incidental mass confirmed as a benign LCT following radical orchidectomy. Biochemical markers remained normal throughout and following treatment his libido returned to normal. Conclusions This case may serve as a reminder for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for testicular neoplasms in patients with features of hypogonadism in the absence of classical features for testicular cancer.

Optic Chiasmatic Hypothalamic Glioma Presented as with Panhypopituitarism with Bilateral Primary Optic Atrophy

Optic chiasmatic hypothalamic gliomas are among common primary neoplasm of the optic nerve. It presents with decreased vision as well as features of hypopituitarism due to infiltration of the hypothalamus. In this case report, a young man presented with loss of libido, increased thirst, gradual loss of vision, bilateral optic atrophy and visual field defect. The MRI of sellar and paraseller region showed optic chiasmaticglioma with hypothalamic extension and biochemical parameter showed panhypopituitarism. We diagnosed this patient as a case of Optic chiasmatic hypothalamic gliomas (OCHGS) with panhypopituitarism with partial cranial diabetes insipidus with bilateral primary optic atrophy.The patient underwent surgery after adequate hormonal treatment but died due to post-operative complications Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Sept; 49(3) : 49-52

Phytochemicals With Anti 5-alpha-reductase Activity: A Prospective For Prostate Cancer Treatment

Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the leading causes of death in men worldwide. Much attention has been given on its prevention and treatment strategies, including targeting the regulation of 5-alpha-Reductase (5αR) enzyme activity, aimed to limit the progression of CaP by inhibiting the conversion of potent androgen dihydrotestosterone from testosterone that is thought to play a role in pathogenesis of CaP, by using the 5-alpha-Reductase inhibitors (5αRis) such as finasteride and dutasteride. However, 5αRis are reported to exhibit numerous adverse side effects, for instance erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and loss of libido. This has led to a surge of interest on plant-derived alternatives that might offer favourable side effects and less toxic profiles. Phytochemicals from plants are shown to exhibit numerous medicinal properties in various studies targeting many major illnesses including CaP. Therefore, in this review, we aim to discuss the use of phytochemicals namely phytosterols, polyphenols and fatty acids, found in various plants with proven anti-CaP properties, as an alternative herbal CaP medicines as well as to outline their inhibitory activities on 5αRs isozymes based on their structural similarities with current 5αRis as part of CaP treatment approaches.

Phytochemicals With Anti 5-alpha-reductase Activity: A Prospective For Prostate Cancer Treatment

Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the leading causes of death in men worldwide. Much attention has been given on its prevention and treatment strategies, including targeting the regulation of 5-alpha-Reductase (5αR) enzyme activity, aimed to limit the progression of CaP by inhibiting the conversion of potent androgen dihydrotestosterone from testosterone that is thought to play a role in pathogenesis of CaP, by using the 5-alpha-Reductase inhibitors (5αRis) such as finasteride and dutasteride. However, 5αRis are reported to exhibit numerous adverse side effects, for instance erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and loss of libido. This has led to a surge of interests on plant-derived alternatives that might offer favourable side effects and less toxic profiles. Phytochemicals from plants are shown to exhibit numerous medicinal properties in various studies targeting many major illnesses including CaP. Therefore, in this review, we aim to discuss on the use of phytochemicals namely phytosterols, polyphenols and fatty acids, found in various plants with proven anti-CaP properties, as an alternative herbal CaP medicines as well as to outline their inhibitory activities on 5αRs isozymes based on their structural similarities with current 5αRis as part of CaP treatment approaches.