LUNG FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY IN A PREMATURE INFANT WITH CHRONIC PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY (WILSON-MIKITY SYNDROME)

Detailed lung function studies at the age of 8 months and 1 year are reported for an infant who weighed 992 gm at birth and who developed chronic progressive pulmonary insufficiency 2 weeks after birth. The symptoms and signs were similar to those described by Wilson and Mikity in 1960. A confirmatory lung biopsy was obtained when the child was 11 months old. Dynamic lung "compliance" was very significantly reduced while a static estimate of lung compliance was within normal limits. These and other lung function findings are interpreted as indicating that uneven alveolar ventilation was the probable functional basis for all the signs and symptoms observed.

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Prolonged methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1979.47.2.418 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 418-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. W. Ramsdell ◽

P. F. Georghiou

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Cholinergic Stimulation ◽

Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽

Pulmonary Resistance ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Arterial Partial Pressure ◽

Dynamic Lung Compliance ◽

And Control

We studied the effect of prolonged airways obstruction induced by extended cholinergic stimulation in five anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. A continuous intravenous metacholine infusion was utilized to maintain pulmonary resistance (RL) at 200--1500% preinfusion levels for 13--23 h. At maximum RL (18.86 +/- 7.74 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD) cmH2O/ (L/S) PREINfusion; P less than 0.01), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) fell from 67.5 +/- 14.6 to 32.7 +/- 11.6 ml/cmH2O (P less than 0.005) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) fell modestly from 95.8 +/- 6.1 Torr preinfusion to 83.2 +/- 12.7 Torr (P less than 0.05). Tachyphylaxis to methacholine developed, requiring increases in infusion rates to maintain elevated RL. Abnormalities in lung function resolved promptly upon termination of the infusion. Two similarly instrumented control animals ventilated for 19 and 25 h without metacholine infusion had no change in RL, Cdyn, or PaO2. Histological examination of the lungs revealed no differences between infused and control animals. In spite of marked increases in RL, prolonged cholinergic stimulation produced only mild changes in gas exchange and no sustained changes in lung function or structure.

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Ligustrazine Inhibits Lung Phosphodiesterase Activity in a Rat Model of Allergic Asthma

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2022/1452116 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yajuan Wang ◽

Huizhi Zhu ◽

Jiabing Tong ◽

Zegeng Li

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Rat Model ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Model System ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Phosphodiesterase Activity ◽

Asthma Model ◽

Airway Function ◽

Lung Resistance ◽

Dynamic Lung Compliance

Objectives. This study sought to examine whether ligustrazine was capable of inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and improving lung function in a rat model of asthma. Methods. Rats were initially sensitized using ovalbumin (OVA) and then were challenged daily with aerosolized OVA beginning 14 days later (30 min/day) to generate a rat model of asthma. Changes in airway function following methacholine (MCh) injection were evaluated by monitoring lung resistance ( R L ) and dynamic lung compliance ( C dyn ) values using an AniRes2005 analytic system. In addition, serum IgE was measured via ELISA, while PDE expression was evaluated via qPCR and western blotting. Key Findings. Ligustrazine significantly impaired allergen-induced lung hyperresponsivity and inflammation in this asthma model system. Ligustrazine treatment was also associated with reduced expression of PDEs including PDE4 in the lungs of these rats. Conclusions. Ligustrazine suppresses airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsivity in this rat model system, and these changes are associated with decreased PDE expression at the protein and mRNA levels.

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Primary Hypothyroidism in Adults Based on Jorjani's View Point of the Book “Zakhire Kharazmshahi”

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083806666191226165922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

Author(s):

Haleh Tajadini ◽

Naser Ebrahimpour ◽

Mahdieyh Khazaneha

Keyword(s):

Eating Habits ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Primary Hypothyroidism ◽

View Point ◽

Drug Usage ◽

Daily Diet ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

The Common ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Stomach Emptying

: The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism is increasing in adults (PHTA), and the reduction in the threshold for treatment and also the requirement to increase drug usage are major problems in approaching this disorder. Persian Medicine (PM) looks from a different view on etiology of diseases. Therefore, we tried to present the etiologies of PHTA according to an important book of PM i.e. “Zakhire Kharazmshahi”. Method: At first, the common symptoms and signs of PHTA were identified by investigating the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and their Persian equivalents were extracted from PM sources. These synonyms were searched as keywords in the book and the primary causes that were mentioned in association with the signs and symptoms were extracted. Then, we explained the total etiologies that were discussed for the occurrence of the causes, with respect to the principles of health care in PM. Results: "Cold distemperament", an increase in "Phlegmatic Humor ", an increase in "Melancholic Humor" and "Emtela" (repletion) were recognized as four main causes of PHTA. According to the book, the most important etiologies of these conditions are insufficient exercise, overeating, food intake before total stomach emptying and excessive amounts of cold temperament substances (foods, herbs, seeds, spices, etc.) in daily diet. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of PM, lifestyle spatially eating habits and physical activity play important causative roles in occurring and prognosis of PHTA. Hence, it is recommended to assess these results by more observations and clinical studies.

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Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) intoxication: an analysis of 49 children

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1191/0960327103ht404oa ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 665-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Hüseyin Çaksen ◽

Dursun Odabaş ◽

Sinan Akbayram ◽

Yaşar Cesur ◽

Şükrü Arslan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Atropa Belladonna ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Severe Intoxication ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) intoxication has been infrequently reported in both children and adults in the literature. In this article, the clinical and laboratory findings of 49 children with acute deadly nightshade intoxication are reviewed. Our purpose was to enlighten the findings of deadly nightshade intoxication in childhood. The most common observed symptoms and signs were meaningless speech, tachycardia, mydriasis, and flushing. None of the children required mechanical ventilation or died in our series. The patients were categorized into two groups, mild/moderate and severe intoxication. Children with and without encephalopathy were accepted as severe and mild/moderate intoxication, respectively. While 43 children were placed in the group of mild/moderate intoxication, six were in severe intoxication group. We found that meaningless speech, lethargy, and coma were more common, but tachycardia was less common in the severe intoxication group (children with encephalopathy) (P B-0.05). In the treatment, neostigmine was used in all children because of no available physostigmine in our country. In conclusion, our findings showed that the initial signs and symptoms of acute deadly nightshade intoxication might be severe in some children, but no permanent sequel and death were seen in children. We also showed that meaningless speech, lethargy, coma, and absence of tachycardia were ominous signs in deadly nightshade intoxication in childhood. Lastly, we suggest that neostigmine may be used in cases of deadly nightshade intoxication if physostigmine cannot be available.

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2011000600005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 751-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mariana Moscovich ◽

Felipe T.M. Nóvak ◽

Artur F. Fernandes ◽

Tatiana Bruch ◽

Tabita Tomelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Event ◽

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Past Medical History ◽

History Of ◽

High Doses ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Gathering Data

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal adverse event associated with the use of antipsychotics (AP). The objective of this study was to investigate the profile of cases of NMS and to compare our findings with those published in similar settings. A series of 18 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of NMS was analyzed, gathering data on demography, symptoms and signs. Two thirds of all cases involved woman with a past medical history of psychiatric disorder receiving relatively high doses of AP. The signs and symptoms of NMS episodes were similar to those reported in other series and only one case had a fatal outcome, the remaining presenting complete recovery. As expected, more than two thirds of our cases were using classic AP (68%), however the clinical profile of these in comparison with those taking newer agent was similar. Newer AP also carry the potential for NMS.

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Dynamic lung compliance in newborn and adult cats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1986.60.3.743 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 743-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. J. Sullivan ◽

J. P. Mortola

Keyword(s):

Stress Relaxation ◽

Transpulmonary Pressure ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Theoretical Treatment ◽

The Difference ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Isolated Lungs ◽

Dynamic Lung Compliance ◽

Volume History ◽

Lung Stress

Static (Cstat) and dynamic (Cdyn) lung compliance and lung stress relaxation were examined in isolated lungs of newborn kittens and adult cats. Cstat was determined by increasing volume in increments and recording the corresponding change in pressure; Cdyn was calculated as the ratio of the changes in volume to transpulmonary pressure between points of zero flow at ventilation frequencies between 10 and 110 cycles/min. Lung volume history, end-inflation volume, and end-deflation pressure were maintained constant. At the lowest frequency of ventilation, Cdyn was less than Cstat, the difference being greater in newborns. Between 20 and 100 cycles/min, Cdyn of the newborn lung remained constant, whereas Cdyn of the adult lung decreased after 60 cycles/min. At all frequencies, the rate of stress relaxation, measured as the decay in transpulmonary pressure during maintained inflation, was greater in newborns than in adults. The frequency response of Cdyn in kittens, together with the relatively greater rate of stress relaxation, suggests that viscoelasticity contributes more to the dynamic stiffening of the lung in newborns than in adults. A theoretical treatment of the data based on a linear model of viscoelasticity supports this conclusion.

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Impact of Lung Biopsy on Lung Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Respiration ◽

10.1159/000509557 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Pierre-Henri Aussedat ◽

Nader Chebib ◽

Kais Ahmad ◽

Jean-Charles Glerant ◽

Gabrielle Drevet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Forced Vital Capacity ◽

Lung Biopsy ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Surgical Lung Biopsy ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Background: Video-assisted surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is performed in 10–30% of cases to establish the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of SLB on lung function in patients eventually diagnosed with IPF. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, monocentric study of all consecutive patients eventually diagnosed with IPF in multidisciplinary discussion who underwent SLB over 10 years in a specialized center. The primary end point was the variation in forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after the SLB. The secondary end points were the variations in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), and morbidity and mortality associated with the SLB. Results: In 118 patients who underwent SLB and were diagnosed with IPF, a relative decrease in FVC of 4.8% (p < 0.001) was found between measurements performed before and after the procedure. The mean FVC decrease was 156 ± 386 mL in an average period of 185 days, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year. A significant decrease was also observed after SLB in FEV1, TLC, and DLCO. Complications within 30 days of SLB occurred in 14.4% of patients. Two patients (1.7%) died within 30 days, where one of them had poor lung function. Survival at 1 year was significantly poorer in patients with FVC <50% at baseline. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled study in patients ultimately diagnosed with IPF, SLB was followed by a significant decline in FVC, which appears to be numerically greater than the average decline in the absence of treatment in the literature. Summary at a Glance: This study evaluated the change in lung function in 118 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by surgical lung biopsy. Forced vital capacity decreased by 156 ± 386 mL in a mean of 185 days between the last measurement before and first measurement after biopsy, representing an annualized decline of 363 ± 764 mL/year.

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Lung dysfunction after thermal injury in relation to prostanoid and oxygen radical release

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.103 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L. J. Jin ◽

C. Lalonde ◽

R. H. Demling

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Base Line ◽

Lung Water ◽

Control Value ◽

Lung Dysfunction ◽

Dynamic Lung Compliance ◽

Lung Lymph

We studied whether changes in lung function after burns (1- to 12-h period) were due to changes in lung water or airways resistance and the relationship of the changes to prostanoid and O2 radical activity (measured as lipid peroxidation). Twenty-five anesthetized mechanically ventilated adult sheep were given a 40% of body surface scald burn and resuscitated to restore and maintain base-line filling pressures. Dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) decreased by 40% from 38 +/- 5 to 24 +/- 4 ml/cmH2O at 12 h. Venous thromboxane B2 transiently increased from 210 +/- 40 to 1,100 +/- 210 pg/ml, and the value in lung lymph increased from 180 +/- 80 to 520 +/- 80 pg/ml. Prostacyclin levels in lung lymph and plasma remained at base line. Protein-poor lung lymph flow increased two- to threefold, but postmortem lung analysis revealed no increase in lung water from the control of 3.5 +/- 0.3 g H2O/g dry wt. No increase in protein permeability was seen. However, the lipid peroxidation of lung tissue measured as malondialdehyde was significantly increased from the control value of 56 +/- 4 nmol/g lung to a value of 69 +/- 6. Ibuprofen pretreatment (12.5 mg/kg) markedly attenuated the decrease in Cdyn, with the value at 12 h being 90% of base line. Ibuprofen also decreased the amount of lung lipid peroxidation but did not decrease the lung lymph response. We conclude that the decrease in Cdyn seen early postburn is not due to increased lung water, but, rather, is due to a mediator-induced bronchoconstriction, attenuated by ibuprofen; the mediator being either thromboxane or a byproduct of O2 radicals as evidenced by increased lipid peroxide production in lung tissue.

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A case of tooth fracture occurred upon medicating bisphosphonate for an elderly person: Preservation therapy and responses for Stage 0 of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_264_16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 258-263

Author(s):

Noriko Suzuki ◽

Hitoshi Oguchi ◽

Yu Yamauchi ◽

Yasuyo Karube ◽

Yukimi Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Person ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Apical Position ◽

X Ray ◽

Second Molar ◽

Tooth Fracture ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Osteonecrosis Of Jaw ◽

Bone Exposure ◽

Symptoms And Signs

ABSTRACTThis case report aimed to report the progress of preservation therapy and response of symptoms and signs for Stage 0 of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ). A 68-year-old female was recognized having a tooth at the left upper first molar fracture upon medicating bisphosphonate (BP) in 2007. At that time, the extraction of the tooth was an absolute contraindication. Therefore, we performed preservation therapy. We observed the symptoms and signs every month. After 5 months, swelling and redness in the entire first molar tooth were seen and fistula formed partly. Bone exposure was not seen. We administrated antibiotics immediately. As a result, symptoms disappeared. On April 10, 2009, the patient visited us as she felt a sense of incongruity in the lower left first and second molar teeth. Clinically, there were no symptoms of pain. However, we observed the radiolucent finding in about 5 mm diameter at apical position by X-ray photography; we considered a possibility of Stage 0 for BRONJ. We immediately administered medicine for 5 days and the symptoms disappeared. At present, no inflammation with signs and symptoms at the upper left first molar and lower left first, second molar parts is shown. We performed preservation therapy for tooth fracture case medicating of BP. Immediate responses for inflammation and symptoms of the Stage 0 of BRONJ have led to success. Hence, dentists should perform regular clinical observation, and enough education to the patient for BRONJ is necessary.

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Técnicas respiratórias na melhora da função pulmonar de cardiopatas: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Revista de Saúde ◽

10.21727/rs.v12i3.2641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Danyele Holanda da Silva ◽

Tassiane Maria Alves Pereira ◽

Janaína De Moraes Silva

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Lung Function ◽

Surgical Procedure ◽

Respiratory Muscle ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Integrative Review ◽

World Health ◽

Respiratory Muscle Training ◽

Breathing Exercises ◽

Cardiac Surgical Procedure

Introduction: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. According to World Health Organization estimates, 17.9 million people died of CVD in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths. Material and Method: Integrative review carried out in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and PEDro, based on the guiding question of the search: “what is the effect of respiratory techniques on the lung function of patients undergoing cardiac surgery?”, And crossing of the terms: breathing exercises AND preoperative AND cardiac surgery (all terms present in MEsh and DeCs) from May to June 2020. Results: 104 articles were found in the selected databases, 67 articles were excluded, 37 were selected for full reading, eight of which were part of this review. Discussion: The present integrative review aimed to analyze the effects of respiratory techniques on lung function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients undergoing a cardiac surgical procedure, mainly develop postoperative pulmonary dysfunction with significant reduction in lung volumes, impaired respiratory function, decreased lung compliance and increased respiratory work. Final Considerations: Respiratory techniques such as breathing exercises and / or respiratory muscle training employed in patients undergoing a cardiac surgical procedure, improve lung function, consequently improving respiratory muscle strength as a whole, also interfering in the reduction of post-respiratory complications. CRM in this population.Keywords: Cardiac surgery; Breathing Exercises; Preoperative.

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