Intravenous Diazepam in Status Epilepticus: A Correction

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-959
Author(s):  
James R. West
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physical Change ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Intravenous Diazepam

A question has arisen over the recommendation made by Dr. Sidney Carter1 that diazepam be diluted 10 mg in 8 ml distilled water prior to its intravenous administration in status epilepticus. We have noticed that the resulting solution appears turbid, and have had second thoughts about giving such a solution. The package insert for Valium suggests that it not be mixed with other solutions. On the other hand, if it is injected into an aqueous intravascular medium it would seem likely that the same physical change is occurring there.

scholarly journals Using homogenization, sonication and thermo-sonication to inactivate fungi

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Campaniello ◽  
Antonio Bevilacqua ◽  
Milena Sinigaglia ◽  
Maria Rosaria Corbo
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Other Hand

Ultrasound (US), Thermo-sonication (TS) and High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) were studied as tools to inactivate the spores ofPenicilliumspp. andMucorspp. inoculated in distilled water. For US, the power ranged from 40% to 100%, pulse from 2 to 10 s, and duration of the treatment from 2 to 10 min. TS was performed combining US (40–80% of power, for 8 min and pulse of 2 s) with a thermal treatment (50, 55 and 60°C at 4, 8 and 12 min). Homogenization was done at 30–150 MPa for 1, 2 and 3 times. Power was the most important factors to determine the antifungal effect of US and TS towards the conidia ofPenicilliumspp.; on the other hand, in US treatmentsMucorspp. was also affected by pulse and time. HPH exerted a significant antifungal effect only if the highest pressures were applied for 2–3 times.

Corticotropin- and lysine-vasopressin induced changes of plasma corticosteroids and testosterone in the adult male pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hahmeier ◽  
M. Fenske ◽  
L. Pitzel ◽  
W. Holtz ◽  
A. König
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract. Intravenous injection of 10.0 μg/kg body weight synthetic corticotropin (1-24 ACTH) into chronically cannulated boars resulted in significantly elevated plasma corticosteroid and testosterone levels between 20 and 140 min (corticosteroids) and 20–80 min (testosterone) after injection. Administration of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) at doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 IU/kg body weight elicited a significant increase of plasma corticosteroids between 20 and 40 min after injection; on the other hand, plasma testosterone concentrations tended to fall when compared to pre-treatment levels. From our results it can be concluded that exogenously applied ACTH can effectively stimulate the release of corticosteroids and testosterone. Intravenous administration of LVP results in significantly, although not maximally increased plasma corticosteroid concentrations; the release of endogenous ACTH induced by LVP injection, on the other hand, appeared to be too small to stimulate testosterone release significantly.

scholarly journals Spectroscopy Study of Honey Pineapple Peels Extracted in Different Solvents

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽  
Edi Setiyono ◽  
Marcelinus Alfasisurya Setya Adhiwibawa ◽  
Krisfian Tata Aneka Priyangga ◽  
Leny Yuliati
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Absorption Signal ◽  
Other Hand

In the present work, we investigated the extract of honey pineapple peels in distilled water, ethanol, and acetone solvents. The spectroscopy study of each extract was performed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, and a spectrofluorometer. The FTIR spectrum of the distilled water extract indicated that the distilled water extract may contain alcohol or carboxylic acid compounds. Meanwhile, the ethanolic extract may contain alcohol or carboxylic acid, or ether compounds. On the other hand, the acetone extract may contain alcohol or ether or aromatic or aliphatic compounds. The UV-Vis spectrum of the honey pineapple peels extracted in the distilled water, ethanol, and acetone showed a broad absorption signal at UV region (< 300 nm), four absorption signals at UV region (232-368 nm), and four absorption signals at UV region (231-368 nm) with a weak absorption signal at the visible region at 559 nm, respectively. The distilled water and acetone extracts gave fluorescence signals, however, the ethanolic extract showed no fluorescence intensity. From the FTIR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectra characterization, the extracted natural pigments from the honey pineapple peels in distilled water, ethanol, and acetone solvents were identified. The distilled water extract may contain polar flavonoid or steroid compounds while the ethanolic extract may contain polar carotenoid pigments. On the other hand, the acetone extract may contain carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments as shown by an emission signal at 670 nm.

Loss of Limb Following Intravenous Diazepam

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Sanford Schneider ◽  
John W. Mace
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Prolonged Seizure ◽  
Intravenous Diazepam

Since its introduction for the control of status epilepticus in 1965, parenterally administered diazepam has proven to be extremely effective in halting prolonged seizure activity. Reported side effects have been minimal and usually not associated with significant morbidity. However, apnea, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest, and conversion of atypical spike and wave status epilepticus to graudmal status have been reported. Additionally, thrombophlebitis following intravenous administration has been associated with diazepam. Langdon et al. recently stated that 3.5% of patients receiving diazepam intravenously Prior to esophagogastroscopy developed thrombophlebitis. In several patients venous thrombosis was marked and tender cords were palpable many months after injection.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF IMMUNOGENIC PROPERTIES OF TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI INACTIVATED WITH β-PROPIOLACTONE AND WITH SOME OTHER INACTIVATING AGENTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Soltys
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
Young Mice

Success in immunizing animals with dead trypanosomes depends on both the method of inactivating trypanosomes and the strain used for immunization. Comparative studies with various inactivating agents showed that β-propio-lactone and formalin are superior to phenol, heat at 56 °C, and lysis in distilled water. A vaccine containing Trypanosoma brucei with frequent passages through mice and not exposed to antibodies could elicit in animals protective antibodies and resistance to a challenge with a homologous strain. Passive immunity was shown in young mice born of vaccinated mothers. On the other hand, no active or passive immunity was demonstrated when animals were immunized with a vaccine prepared from a variant of T. brucei after passage through rabbits or sheep.

Comments on a Startling Article: "Loss of Limb Following Intravenous Diazepam"

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
C. A. Tassinari ◽  
J. Roger ◽  
C. Dravat ◽  
H. Gustaut
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Volar Aspect ◽  
Intravenous Diazepam

Referring to the article "Loss of Limb Following Intravenous Diazepam,"1 we would like to comment on two points, one related to the case itself and the other concerning the use of diazepam in status epilepticus. Concerning the case reported by Drs. Schneider and Mace, it is a matter of an injection during status epilepticus of "2 ml containing 10 mg of diazepam (Valium), intravenously in the volar aspect of the left wrist," followed by hand and forearm necrosis due to the thrombosis of the ulnar radial and brachial arteries which necessitated amputation above the elbow six days later.

Amygdaloid kindling in aiioxan-diabetic rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz E. A. M. Mello ◽  
Esper A. Cavalheiro
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wet Dog Shakes ◽  
Amygdala Kindling

Wistar rats, made diabetic by intravenous administration of alloxan, 40 mg/kg, were submitted to amygdala kindling. The EEG and behavioral responses elicited by stimulating the amygdala nuclei in these animals were compared with those observed in control rats. Alloxan-treated rats required more stimulation to kindle, had increased duration of afterdischarges (AD), presented intense interictal spiking, and exhibited greater number of wet-dog shakes than controls. Although the AD threshold was not different between control and experimental rats, the above results seem to indicate an increase in the local epileptic susceptibility represented by longer ADs. On the other hand, this increased local discharge seems to be unable to access the generalization mechanism, which can be verified by the increased kindling rate. Hyperosmolarity, pH alterations, or other generalized metabolic changes frequently associated with diabetes could be implicated in these results.

Copper sulphate and plant growth

1966 ◽  
Vol 55 (03) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Netien ◽  
J. Boiron ◽  
A. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Germination And Growth

SummaryThe experiments seem to have shown that a 15 cH copper sulphate dilution does favourably affect the germination and growth of seeds from plants previously treated with that substance.On the other hand, copper sulphate-treated seeds grown on this 15 cH dilution excrete copper much more rapidly than treated seeds grown on potentized double distilled water. This means that the dilution produces a real detoxication of the seed which in its development then clearly resembles a normal, unpoisoned seed.

scholarly journals The potential distortion of sedimentary δ15N and Corg/N ratios by NH4+ and the effects of pre-analysis sample treatment

Fossil Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Meisel ◽  
U. Struck
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
N Content ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Measurement Series

We examined the susceptibility of &delta;<sup>15</sup>N-signals and C<sub>org</sub>/N ratios in organic-rich sediments to pre-analysis sample treatment. Each sample was subjected to three different kinds of processing. For comparative purposes, the first measurement series (MS-1) was carried out on untreated sediment. In MS-2, the sediment was rinsed with distilled water. In MS-3, analyses were carried out on decalcified and rinsed material, in MS-4 the samples were decalcified without being subsequently washed. The sediment yielded conspicuously different results depending on the type of processing it was subjected to. Rinsing, irrespective of whether acidification was included or not, induced substantial modifications in &delta;<sup>15</sup>N accompanied by a pronounced loss of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> (up to 14 wt% of the initial N-content). Molar C<sub>org</sub>/N ratios, on the other hand, were only affected by a combination of acidification and rinsing. The discrepancies are ascribed to the influence of decomposition-derived ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>). In untreated sediment (MS-1), NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> seems to produce misleading shifts in both &delta;<sup>15</sup>N-signals and C<sub>org</sub>/N ratios. Presumed mechanisms involved are as follows: Firstly, nitrogen isotopes fractionate during NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-volatilisation in the heating oven, where the sediment is put to desiccate. Secondly, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-ions are able to escape that fractionation when adsorbed to negatively-charged SiO<sub>2</sub>-surfaces. The adsorption capacity of SiO<sub>2</sub> increases with increasing pH of the pore water and hence with increasing carbonate content. Our findings raise serious doubts about whether untreated sediment (MS-1) can provide reliable C<sub>org</sub>/N and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N-records. Pre-analysis acidification plus rinsing (MS-3) seems to eliminate the deceptive influence of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-adsorption and -outgassing. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201100004" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.201100004</a>

scholarly journals STUDI KOLONISASI FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKUAR PADA GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii) DENGAN SUMBER INOKULAN RIZOSFER PERKEBUNAN GAHARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
I Gde Adi Suryawan Wangiyana ◽  
Hidayat Wicaksono ◽  
Wahyu Yuniati Nizar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spore Population

The aim of this research was to observed the abundance of mycorrhiza spore and mycorrhiza colonization on G. versteegii’s root at agarwood plantation on Langko, Kekait and Pejaring. Rhizosphere samples were taken from 0 cm – 20 cm of depth. Spore extraction was carried by combination of filtration and centrifugation methods. G. versteegii roots were soaked with 10% KOH continued by 2% HCl then were rinsed by distilled water. Lactoglycerol trypan blue 0,05% were used as dye on root colonization observation. Mycorrhiza spore population and root colonization data were analyzed by ANOVA, HSD and Error Standard. Rhizosphere of Pejaring has the highest number of mycorrhiza spore but not significantly different from Rhizosphere of Kekait. Langko rhizosphere has the smallest number of mycorrhiza spore population. On the other hand, this place has the highest mycorrhiza colonization percentage among the others. It could be concluded that Mycorrhiza spore population has negative correlation with mycorrhiza root’s colonization which shows unique symbiotic between mycorrhiza and G. versteegii.

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