Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Aqueous Procaine Penicillin G in the Neonate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Michael E. Speer ◽  
Edward O. Mason ◽  
John T. Scharnberg
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Csf Levels

Simultaneous serum and CSF samples were obtained following the intramuscular administration of 50,000 units/kg of aqueous procaine penicillin G in 25 neonates. Penicillin activity was detected in the sera and CSF of all patients. Peak serum levels were noted at four hours (mean ± SEM, 17.1 ± 6.3 µg/ml). Peak CSF levels were noted at 12 hours (0.70 ± 0.35 µg/ml). The serum level at 24 hours was 2.1 ± 0.98 µg/ml (range, 0.2 to 5.8 µg/ml); the CSF level at 24 hours was 0.12 ± 0.05 µg/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.27 µg/ml). These results demonstrate that spirocheticidal levels (≥0.03 µg/ml) are achieved for at least 24 hours in the CSF following the intramuscular administration of aqueous procaine penicillin G in neonates.

STUDIES OF PENICILLIN IN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
B. M. KAGAN ◽  
M. NIERENBERG ◽  
D. GOLDBERG ◽  
A. MILZER
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Use

Table I summarizes most of the pertinent data in this report on the serum penicillin concentrations 12 and 24 hours after intramuscular injection of K penicillin G in peanut oil and beeswax, which is fluid at room temperature, and of three different procaine penicillin preparations. These three preparations are procaine penicillin G in sesame oil, procaine penicillin G in peanut oil with 2% aluminum monostearate, and procaine penicillin G in water with Na-carboxymethylcellulose. When they were given in a dosage of 8000 u./lb. to infants and children, weighing between 4.5 and 18.0 kg., there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels obtained. A dosage schedule for these preparations is suggested for pediatric use. The aqueous preparation offers some advantages which are discussed. Experiences are reported which emphasize the necessity of avoiding intravenous administration of all these preparations.

Soluble IL-6 receptors in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of paranoid schizophrenic patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Müller ◽  
P Dobmeier ◽  
M Empl ◽  
M Riedel ◽  
M Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 6 Receptor ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenic

SummarySoluble Interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels are strongly related to the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and sIL-6Rs increase the immune activating properties of IL-6. We estimated sIL-6R serum levels in 25 schizophrenic patients and 25 healthy controls. In the patients, SIL-6R-CSF levels were also measured. The psychopathology was rated according to the AMDP system. We found a significant correlation between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sIL-6R, suggesting that serum levels may be a meaningful marker for the central action of sIL-6R. Moreover, significant correlations between the paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome and sIL-6R levels both in serum and CSF were observed. This finding suggests that IL-6 plays a role in the paranoid-hallucinatory symptomatology in schizophrenia. This can be understood regarding the influence of IL-6 to the catecholaminergic neurotransmission. The downregulating effects of neuroleptic treatment to sIL-6R demonstrate that the sIL-6R levels are decreased in the whole group of schizophrenic patients compared to controls.

scholarly journals 750. Isavuconazole Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration in Refractory Coccidioidal Meningitis - A Three-Patient Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S422-S422
Author(s):  
Matthew R Davis ◽  
Sandy Chang ◽  
Pryce Gaynor ◽  
Erin K McCreary ◽  
Paul R Allyn
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration ◽  
Fluid Concentration ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Paired Serum

Abstract Background Coccidioidal meningitis (CM) causes life-threatening infection with limited treatment options. Small series have reported variable treatment success with isavuconazole. An absence of published data exists on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of this agent. Methods Paired serum and CSF levels were measured on three patients with refractory CM treated on salvage isavuconazole therapy. Results 11 CSF levels were sent on 3 patients; 7 from ventricular sources (Ommaya reservoir or external ventricular drain) and 4 from lumbar punctures at 6-44 days after treatment initiation, 2-24.6 hours after oral or intravenous dose. All levels sent from ventricular sources were undetectable < 25µg/mL despite adequate paired serum levels (mean 2.45 µg/mL, range 1.25-6.38 µg/mL; n = 7 levels). Mean lumbar CSF levels were 1.00 µg/mL (range 0.45-1.72 µg/mL; n = 4 levels) with adequate serum levels (mean 3.57 µg/mL, range 1.78-5.63 µg/mL; n = 4 levels). Table 1. Isavuconazole serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration measurements Conclusion Isavuconazole was detected in lumbar, but not ventricular CSF in three patients treated for CM. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Systematic Quantification of Neurotrophic Adipokines RBP4, PEDF, and Clusterin in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Höpfinger ◽  
Martin Berghoff ◽  
Thomas Karrasch ◽  
Andreas Schmid ◽  
Andreas Schäffler
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Csf Levels

Abstract Context Data on the presence/quantification of the neurotrophic adipokines retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), clusterin, and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are scarce and migration of these adipokines across of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is uncertain. Objective This work aimed to quantify RBP4, PEDF, and clusterin in paired serum and CSF samples of patients undergoing neurological evaluation. Methods A total of 268 patients (109 male, 159 female) were included. Adipokine serum and CSF concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in duplicate. Results RBP4 was abundant in serum (mean, 31.9 ± 24.2 μg/mL). The serum concentrations were approximately 145 times higher than in CSF (CSF to serum RBP4 ratio, 8.2 ± 4.3 × 10–3). PEDF was detectable in serum (mean, 30.2 ± 11.7 μg/mL) and concentrations were approximately 25 times higher than in CSF (CSF to serum PEDF ratio, 42.3 ± 15.6 × 10–3). Clusterin serum concentrations were abundant with mean levels of 346.0 ± 114.6 μg/mL, which were approximately 40 times higher than CSF levels (CSF to serum clusterin ratio, 29.6 ± 23.4 × 10–3). RBP4 and PEDF serum levels correlated positively with CSF levels, which were increased in overweight/obese patients and in type 2 diabetic patients. The CSF concentrations of all 3 adipokines increased with BBB dysfunction. RBP4 in CSF correlated positively with inflammatory parameters. In detail, only RBP4 showed the kinetics and associations that are mandatory for a putative mediator of the fat-brain axis. Conclusion RBP4, PEDF, and clusterin are permeable to the BBB and increase with the measure of BBB dysfunction. RBP4 represents an inflammatory neurotrophic adipokine and is a promising mediator of the fat-brain axis.

The passage of 5α-dihydrotestosterone from serum into cerebrospinal fluid and LH negative feedback in castrated rhesus monkeys

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Abbott ◽  
K. A. Batty ◽  
A. K. Dubey ◽  
J. Herbert ◽  
H. M. Shiers
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lipid Solubility ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vascular Compartment

ABSTRACT Seven castrated monkeys were given either 50 or 100 μg 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) propionate/kg per day. There was no correlation between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of DHT, which remained very low in the CSF (0·3–0·6% of blood levels) despite the presence of high, supraphysiological amounts in the circulation. There was also no relation between unbound DHT in the blood and the CSF, in which all DHT is unbound. These results differ from previous work on testosterone, the metabolic precursor of DHT. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone propionate at the higher dose maintained suppressed levels of serum LH; LH in two out of four monkeys treated at the lower dose increased to levels observed in castrated, untreated rhesus monkeys. There was no predictable relationship between the amount of DHT in the CSF and levels of LH in the blood: by contrast, DHT in the blood was correlated with serum levels of LH. Levels of LH rose in monkeys in which total blood DHT fell below about 68 nmol/l and, even more obviously, if unbound DHT decreased to less than about 2 nmol/l. Differences between the distribution of testosterone and DHT between blood and CSF cannot be explained by serum binding, lipid solubility or clearance from the brain, and suggest that there may be some mechanism for excluding DHT from the CSF. Though DHT reaches the CSF from the blood in small amounts, levels there do not relate predictably to those in the vascular compartment. It seems unlikely, therefore, that levels of intracerebral DHT are controlled by changes in those of the blood. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 325–330

PENICILLIN LEVELS IN MILK FOLLOWING PARENTERAL ADMINISTERATION OF PROCAINE PENICILLIN G1

1961 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yusaf Vaid ◽  
C. C. Prouty ◽  
A. O. Shaw ◽  
R. E. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Procaine Penicillin

Penicillin levels in milk were determined following the intramuscular administration of two types of procaine penicillin G, the aqueous suspension and the oil base with aluminum monostearate. Three injections of the aqueous suspension type were administered, at intervals of 24 hours, to each of twelve cows. A single injection of the oil base type was given to each of twelve cows. In all instances the dose administered was at the approximate level of 5000 u/lb. of body weight. Higher concentrations of penicillin were found in the milk from cows receiving the aqueous suspension type. The highest levels for the two types were 0.52 and 0.15 units per ml. respectively. However, penicillin persisted longer in the milk from cows to which the oil base type was administered. Following the use of each type of procaine penicillin G the levels of this drug in the milk from the different cows of the same series varied considerably. The results of this study indicate a withholding period of at least 60 hours following the last intramuscular injection of procaine penicillin G, aqueous suspension and 108 hours after procaine penicillin G, oil base with aluminum stearate.

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Intravenous and Oral Chloramphenicol in Patients with Haemophilus in fluenzae Meningitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-660
Author(s):  
Ram Yogev ◽  
William M. Kolling ◽  
Tommy Williams
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Peak Serum Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravenous And Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol following intravenous and oral administration were studied in 14 infants with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Following five days of treatment with intravenous chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg/day every six hours), oral chloramphenicol was substituted at the same dose. Multiple serum levels of chloramphenicol were determined after an intravenous dose on day 4 and after an oral dose on day 10. CSF levels were measured six hours after intravenous or oral chloramphenicol dose on those days (CSF trough). Following intravenous administration, the mean peak serum level of 15.0 µ/g ml was reached at 45 minutes. In comparison, after oral chloramphenicol in the same dosage, the mean peak serum level of 18.5 µg ml was achieved at two to three hours. The mean serum half-life of the drug (6.5 hours) was significantly longer after oral administration than after intravenous chloramphenicol (4.0 hours) (P .001). The increased serum half-life following orally administered chloramphenicol was occasionally associated with drug accumulation. In addition, mean trough CSF levels were somewhat higher when the patient received oral medication (6.6 µg/ml) compared to intravenous administration (4.2 µ/ml) (P .001). For any treatment regimen for H influenzae meningitis that includes a period of oral chloramphenicol therapy the patient should be hospitalized to ensure compliance. Because of the wide range of individual variation in serum half-life that may result in accumulation, periodic monitoring of serum chloramphenicol levels is also recommended.

Serum Penicillin Concentrations After Intramuscular Administration of Benzathine Penicillin G in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Ginsburg ◽  
George H. McCracken ◽  
Teresa C. Zweighaft
Keyword(s):  
Penicillin G ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin G ◽  
Group A

Concentrations of penicillin were measured in serum samples of 26 children who received benzathine penicillin G (BPG) alone or in combination with procaine penicillin (PBPG). Both preparations were well absorbed; peak concentrations of penicillin after PBPG administration were 25-fold larger than those after BPG. One third and one half of serum samples from BPG and PBPG patients, respectively, contained no measurable penicillin activity at 18 days. At 30 days, there was no penicillin activity in any of the samples. These data raise questions regarding the use of BPG and PBPG for prophylaxis of group A streptococcal and pneumococcal infections.

STUDIES ON ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TERRAMYCIN IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
ANDREW D. HUNT ◽  
RICHARD S. KELLEY ◽  
LEWIS L. CORIELL ◽  
M. LOIS MURPHY ◽  
SYLVIA G. TASHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Oral Doses

The absorption of terramycin from the gastrointestinal tract is rather similar to that of aureomycin. Peak levels are low, tend to be achieved in 2 to 6 hours after ingestion, and are prolonged for several hours. Single oral doses of 11 mg/kg. body weight give peak serum levels ranging from 0.20 to 1.95 µg./cc., with a mean of 1.0 µg./cc. Doubling or tripling this single dose did not produce marked increases in serum levels. Dosage of 11 mg./kg. orally every six hours (44 mg./kg./24 hours) resulted in peak serum levels on the third day which were essentially identical with those after the initial dose. However, when a dosage of 33 mg./kg. was given orally every six hours (132 mg./kg./24 hours), marked cumulation in the serum was noted. The mean serum level on the first day on this schedule was 2.7 µg./cc., and on the third day, 8.0 µg./cc. Diffusion into the cerebrospinal fluid in three cases was poor. With spinal fluid and serum levels simultaneously obtained, the spinal fluid levels were ¼, ⅙ and ⅛, respectively of the serum levels. Intravenously administered terramycin in dosage of 6.6 mg./kg. gave peak serum levels at one-half hour, ranging from 10.0 to 12.8 µg./cc. Six hours after injection, serum levels ranged from 1.8 to 4.4 µg./cc., and at 12 hours, from 0.78 to 2.6 µg./cc. Terramycin given rectally in perforated capsules was well tolerated. However, in four patients given 66 mg./kg. by this route, peak serum levels ranged from 0 to 1.0 µg./cc. Recommended terramycin dosage: (a) Oral: 11 mg./kg./dose every six hours (44 mg./kg./24 hours). Adequate antibacterial serum levels for most susceptible organisms are produced with this dosage. Increasing the dosage to 33 mg./kg./dose every six hours (132 mg./kg./24 hours) may be done in cases when high serum levels seem indicated. (b) Intravenous: 6.6 to 11 mg./kg./dose every 6 to 8 hours.

STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
RICHARD S. KELLY ◽  
ANDREW D. HUNT ◽  
SYLVIA G. TASHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Fluid Levels

Chloramphenicol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak serum levels, while usually reached within two hours, are occasionally not attained for six or more hours. In general absorption is markedly more rapid than in the case of aureomycin, which seems to be absorbed slowly over a period of several hours. Eleven mg./kg. body weight, which is an adequate single dose of aureomycin, in the case of chloramphenicol produces serum levels too low to be detected by the authors' method. Twenty-two mg./kg. produces two hour levels averaging 8.3 µg./cc. and 44 mg./kg. raises this level to a mean of 22 µg./cc. Rectal administration of perforated chloramphenicol capsules produces peak serum levels approximately one-fifth of those effected with comparable oral dosage. Diffusion of chloramphenicol into cerebrospinal fluid occurs readily and after a few days administration spinal fluid levels, in three cases, were approximately 50% of the serum levels. These data suggest that effective oral dosage of chloramphenicol ranges from 22 to 44 mg./kg./dose and that the antibiotic should be given at 6 to 8 hour intervals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document