Solar Pool Blankets: Another Water Hazard

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1117
Author(s):  
STEPHEN B. SULKES ◽  
ELISE W. VAN DER JAGT
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Infantile Autism ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Water Hazard

Despite prevention efforts, pool immersion accidents continue to occur all too frequently. In this article we describe a new danger associated with an advance in swimming pool technology, the "solar pool blanket." CASE REPORTS Patient 1 A 30-month-old boy with infantile autism was noted to be missing by his parents, who, after an initial look at their above-ground pool, found him submerged under the intact pool blanket, pulseless and breathless 5 minutes later. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed, and he was transported to a local hospital, where he arrived comatose with decerebrate posturing. His rectal temperature was 33.7°C and his arterial pH was 7.0. Diazepam, phenobarbital, and mannitol were administered and he was intubated and hyperventilated.

Water Temperature and Drowning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-748
Author(s):  
LINDA QUAN ◽  
KIM R. WENTZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rapid Induction

In Reply.— Dr Nichter et al propose that the normal or mildly impaired survival of five asystolic children in our series was due to the rapid induction of hypothermia by the cold waters of the Puget Sound area. However, we reported that hypothermia (rectal temperature <34°C) was not associated with increased survival. In addition, the data in the Table show that none of these five children experienced cold-water submersions. The ambient temperatures and thus possibly swimming pool temperatures in this temperate area's summers are certainly less warm than Florida's.

BICARBONATE EXCRETION DURING HYPOTHERMIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kanter ◽  
R. H. Lubinski ◽  
I. M. Mielens
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Arterial Ph

The investigation was designed to determine whether the renal loss of bicarbonate contributes significantly to the acidosis of hypothermia. The excretion of bicarbonate during hypothermia was studied in five infused (6% creatinine in saline at 0.4 ml/minute) and five non-infused dogs. All animals were anesthetized and artificial respiration was not used. The rectal temperature was gradually reduced to the 26–27 °C range by approximately 4 hours of exposure to ice packing. After control, clearance periods of 30 minutes' duration were conducted serially and continually through the experiment. There was no significant increase in bicarbonate excretion during hypothermia in the non-infused group. The urinary pH remained at control levels of about 6.2. The fall in arterial pH was not due to urinary bicarbonate loss. The urinary pH in the infused group, which had a higher urine flow, increased to pH 6.7 due to increased excretion of bicarbonate. The urine pH in three animals with highest urine flows in this latter group approached plasma levels. The excretion rate of bicarbonate in the infused group, however, was similarly insufficient to account for the decrease in arterial pH. The hypothermic kidney is quite effective in reabsorbing bicarbonate.

BICARBONATE EXCRETION DURING HYPOTHERMIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kanter ◽  
R. H. Lubinski ◽  
I. M. Mielens
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Arterial Ph

The investigation was designed to determine whether the renal loss of bicarbonate contributes significantly to the acidosis of hypothermia. The excretion of bicarbonate during hypothermia was studied in five infused (6% creatinine in saline at 0.4 ml/minute) and five non-infused dogs. All animals were anesthetized and artificial respiration was not used. The rectal temperature was gradually reduced to the 26–27 °C range by approximately 4 hours of exposure to ice packing. After control, clearance periods of 30 minutes' duration were conducted serially and continually through the experiment. There was no significant increase in bicarbonate excretion during hypothermia in the non-infused group. The urinary pH remained at control levels of about 6.2. The fall in arterial pH was not due to urinary bicarbonate loss. The urinary pH in the infused group, which had a higher urine flow, increased to pH 6.7 due to increased excretion of bicarbonate. The urine pH in three animals with highest urine flows in this latter group approached plasma levels. The excretion rate of bicarbonate in the infused group, however, was similarly insufficient to account for the decrease in arterial pH. The hypothermic kidney is quite effective in reabsorbing bicarbonate.

scholarly journals Double Bolus Alteplase Therapy during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest due to Massive Pulmonary Embolism Guided by Focused Bedside Echocardiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz B. Mahboob ◽  
Bruce W. Denney
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Massive Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Hemodynamic Compromise ◽  
Bedside Echocardiography ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines

Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) frequently leads to cardiac arrest (CA) which carries an extremely high mortality rate. Although available, randomized trials have not shown survival benefits from thrombolytic use. Thrombolytics however have been used successfully during resuscitation in clinical practice in multiple case reports and in retrospective studies. Recent resuscitation guidelines recommend using alteplase for PE related CA; however they do not offer a standardized treatment regimen. The most consistently applied approach is an intravenous bolus of 50 mg tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) early during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). There is no consensus on the subsequent dosing. We present a case in which two 50 mg boluses of t-PA were administered 20 minutes apart during CPR due to persistent hemodynamic compromise guided by bedside echocardiogram. The patient had an excellent outcome with normalization of cardiac function and no neurologic sequela. This case demonstrates the benefit of utilizing bedside echocardiography to guide administration of a second bolus of alteplase when there is persistent hemodynamic compromise despite achieving return of spontaneous circulation after the initial bolus, and there is evidence of persistent right ventricle dysfunction. Future trials are warranted to help establish guidelines for thrombolytic use in cardiac arrest to maximize safety and efficacy.

Hot Tub Drownings

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-790
Author(s):  
V. A. TRON ◽  
V. J. BALDWIN ◽  
G. E. PIRIE
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Local Hospital

Drownings are a major source of morbidity and mortality for children in Canada, accounting for 9% of accidental deaths in children less than 5 years of age.1 Several aspects of drowning in a hot tub are worth emphasizing. This paper describes the treatment of two children following resuscitation after submersion in a hot tub. The clinical and pathologic implications are also reviewed. CASE REPORTS Case 1 An 11-month-old male infant was found submerged in a hot tub (water temperature 38°C). The duration of submersion was approximately ten minutes. The infant was rushed to a local hospital where he was found to be asystolic.

scholarly journals An exploration of UK paramedics’ experiences of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Pete Gregory ◽  
Ben Mays ◽  
Tim Kilner ◽  
Ceri Sudron
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Palpable Pulse

<sec id="s1"> Introduction: Consciousness may occur during cardiopulmonary resuscitation despite the absence of a palpable pulse. This phenomenon, known as CPR-Induced Consciousness (CPR-IC), was first described over three decades ago and there has been an increase in case reports describing it. However, there remains limited evidence in relation to the incidence of CPR-IC and to practitioners’ experiences of it. </sec> <sec id="s2"> Methods: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey of paramedics who were registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) and working in the United Kingdom (UK) at the time of the survey. Participants who had experienced CPR-IC were asked to provide details about the number of episodes, a description of how consciousness was manifested and whether or not it interfered with resuscitation. </sec> <sec id="s3"> Results: 293 eligible participants completed the study and 167 (57%) said that they had witnessed CPR-IC. Of those, over 56% reported that they had experienced it on at least two occasions. CPR-IC was deemed to interfere with resuscitation in nearly 50% of first experiences but this fell to around 31% by the third experience. The most common reasons for CPR-IC to interfere with resuscitation were: patient resisting clinical interventions, increased rhythm and pulse checks, distress, confusion and reluctance to perform CPR. </sec> <sec id="s4"> Conclusions: The prevalence of CPR-IC in our study was similar to that in earlier studies; however, unlike the other studies, we did not define what constituted interfering CPR-IC. Our findings suggest that interference may be related as much to the exposure of the clinician to CPR-IC as to any specific characteristic of the phenomenon itself. </sec>

scholarly journals The Effect The Effect Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training On Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Pool Guards

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Jamil ◽  
Bayu Budi Laksono ◽  
Merisdawati MR
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Cpr Training ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: CPR is a very vital implementation in cases of cardiac arrest. The occurrence of cardiac arrest is influenced by several factors one of cause is drowning. Pool lifeguard is one of the jobs that has the potential to find cases of cardiac arrest but the majority of them have never received CPR training. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training on knowledge, attitudes and practices on the management of cardiac arrest. Objective: To determine the effect of pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training on knowledge, attitudes and practices on the management of cardiac arrest. Methods: This study uses a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique uses total sampling of 10 pools lifeguards of Metro swimming pool, Kepanjen. Research conducted in May 16-17 2019 at Kepanjen Metro Swimming Pool. The independent variable is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training and the dependent variable is the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cardiac arrest management. Results: Statistical tests using the Wilcoxon Test with result variable knowledge p value = 0.002; attitude p value = 0.007; and practice p value = 0.004. All three variables show the effect of CPR training with increase in knowledge, attitudes and practices in pool guards. Limitation of this study is time for evaluation too fast, only one day away from research. Conclusion: Several things that influence the results of this study are information exposure, experience, education level, body mass index (BMI), and gender. It is hoped that pool lifeguard can apply first-aid cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to drowning victims

Quality of life after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients over the age of 80 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1134) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Burden ◽  
Lucy Pollock ◽  
Camilla Paget
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
National Data ◽  
Successful Resuscitation ◽  
Patient Stories ◽  
Park Hospital

ObjectivesSuccess of in-hospital resuscitation decreases with age; however, national data show that 11.3% of patients over 80 years survive to discharge. There are few published qualitative data about the quality of life for these patients postsuccessful resuscitation. We aimed to investigate postresuscitation quality of life in patients over the age of 80 through a series of case studies.MethodsAll patients over the age of 80 years, who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at our district general hospital in 2015–2016, were included. Success of resuscitation, survival at day 1 and to discharge were recorded. For patients who survived to 1 day and beyond, case reports were written to create individual patient stories.Results47 patients over the age of 80 years received CPR at Musgrove Park Hospital over a 2-year period. Five (10.6%) survived to discharge. Of those surviving to discharge, two had substantial functional decline, requiring discharge to nursing homes having previously been independent. Of the five families/patients who commented on their experience, only one expressed a positive view. When discussed, the majority of patients/families opted for a Do Not Attempt CPR.ConclusionOur results have shown that there is a risk of substantial functional decline associated with successful CPR in those patients over the age of 80 years. The majority of patients and relatives contacted after successful resuscitation expressed a negative view of the experience. Our study highlights the importance of having early informed discussions with patients and families about CPR in order to avoid detrimental outcomes and ensure patient wishes are correctly represented.

Swimming Pool Owners' Opinions of Strategies for Prevention of Drowning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garen J. Wintemute ◽  
Mona A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Sacramento County ◽  
Mandatory Placement ◽  
Previous Occurrence

Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pool owners and mandatory placement of a barrier around pools, two commonly suggested strategies for prevention of drowning, will depend, in part, on the support of pool owners to be successfully implemented. To measure this support, an equal probability sample of 795 Sacramento County households with pools was surveyed. An 80% response rate was achieved. A large majority (86%) favored voluntary cardiopulmonary resiscitation training, and a plurality (40%) favored required cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification for poo1 owners. However, 61% opposed a universal barrier requirement, and 49% objected to a barrier requirement for new pools only. Respondents with small children at home were more likely (P = .0001) to support a required barrier. The previous occurrence of a significant immersion event had surprisingly little effect. The results suggest some specific directions for programs to prevent swimming pool drownings.

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