scholarly journals Influence of the type of autonomic tone on the volume of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of laying hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
A. Tybinka ◽  
H. Blishch ◽  
O. Shchebentovska
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Relationship

The connection between the separate structural parts of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of laying hens and the typological features of the autonomic tone were investigated. The studies were conducted on adult chickens of the cross-breed "Isa-Brown", which were divided into two groups: sympathicotonic chickens and sympathico-normotonic chickens, by the methods of electrocardiography and variation-pulsometry research. In the small intestine of the poultry of each group, the linear dimensions were determined first, and then the volume of the entire mucous membrane and its separate parts (villi, crypt, muscular plate), as well as the volume of connective tissue fibers in the crypt region. Research has shown that the villi account for ¾ of the volume of the entire mucous membrane. The volume of villi in the entire small intestine is more important in sympathico-normotonic chickens. This same poultry group has an advantage in the indicators of the volume of the muscular plate, but only in the duodenum and jejunum. In indicators of crypt volume, it turned out to be quite the opposite of the relationship with the typology of autonomous influences. In all studied intestines, the higher values of this indicator belong to the sympathotonic chickens. However, in terms of the volume of the entire mucous membrane, larger values still correspond to sympathico-normotonic chickens. Sympathicotonic chickens are inferior to them in the duodenum – at 1,005 mm3, in the jejunum – at 2,699 mm3 and in the ileum – only 78 mm3. Investigating the structure of the villi, we established that the volume of their epithelium in all three sections of the small intestine has higher values in the sympathico-normotonic chickens, and the larger volume of the lamina propria of the villi in the sympathicotonic chickens. At the same time, the connection with the type of autonomic tone is reflected in the ratio between the two layers of villi. In all three sections of the small intestine of sympathicotonic chickens, the ratio between the epithelium and the lamina propria was, on average, 65%/35%, or 2/1. In sympathico-normotonic chickens, this ratio varied and, on average, equalled 75%/25%, or 3/1. The increase in the tone of sympathetic centers contributes to the growth of volume both as the total amount of fibers of connective tissue, and also as separate elastic fibers in the area of crypt. According to the data,indicators of the sympathico-normotonic chickens are inferior to those of sympathicotonic chickens in all of the small intestine. It was also found that in both groups of poultry the volume of elastic fibers was approximately half the volume of all fibers of the connective tissue of the duodenum. In other sections of the small intestine, this figure was reduced to about ⅓. Consequently, the typological features of the autonomic tone, providing various trophic-regulatory effects on the mucous membrane of the small intestine, cause the formation of differences in its volume.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Relationship in the "Parasite–Host" System with Parasitism Paramphistomum сervi in the Small Intestine of Sheeps

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Oksana I. Bibik ◽  
Ivan A. Arkhipov ◽  
Lyubov V. Nacheva ◽  
Miсhail S. Boborykin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Host System ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Histological Procedure ◽  
Histological Staining

The purpose of the research is studying microstructural changes in the process of adaptation of components during the formation of the “parasite–host” system by the example of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) parasitizing in the small intestine of spontaneously infected sheep. Materials and methods. Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure of the small intestine in the “parasite–host” system were studied using parasitization of P. cervi in the intestines of sheep using well-known histological methods. Pieces of tissue of the small intestine of sheep with P. cervi, after being preserved in 70% alcohol, were processed according to the generally accepted histological procedure and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5–7 μm in thickness were stained with histological stains and examined under a light microscope. Results and discussion. Microstructural analysis of the characteristics of the relationship in the "parasite–host" system showed that the mucous membrane of the small intestine of sheep in the presence of P. cervi looks sharply thickened. Swelling of the epithelium of villi and crypts, its vacuolization and albuminoid degeneration were found. In some places, proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane was detected, due to which epithelial hyperplasia is observed, in some cases turning into metaplasia. Proliferation and hyperplasia (metaplasia) in the endostation of the host in the presence of the parasite contribute to: 1. stability of the parasite-host system and the participation of trematodes in trophism; 2. determination of the clinical and morphological picture of trematodose; 3. predicting the effects of this pathology on the host. Adhesion in the microstructural complex “trematode tegument – epithelial tissue of the villi of the small intestine” in ovine paramphistomosis at the contact level of two glycocalyx layers – the tegument of P. cervi and the surface of the epithelial cells of the villi of the host’s intestine, as well as single histological staining of the sites of contact between the parasite and the host as a result of mixing the components of the trematode tegument and the tissue of the host’s small intestine with deep adhesion indicate the established mutual relations between the components of a single system "parasite–host".

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TISSUE EXERTION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF TENSION IN PERFORMING ON CLOTTING OPERATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
D.V. Kaplun ◽  
V.M. Skrupnik ◽  
S.O. Stavitsky
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Soft Core ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Tissue Tension

Taking into account the development of modern surgical stomatology, the problem of optimizing the closure of the wounds of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity remains relevant. In our opinion, it is important to study the morphological properties of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and optimal tensions and tissue stresses in the area of suturing. It is known that the most susceptible to the action of mechanical factors area is the mucous membrane of the gums. However, taking into account the biomechanical parameters, the mucous membrane of the gum is practically not described. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of mucous membranes of varying degrees of tension during fracture operations in the oral cavity. The material is taken to the bureau of forensic examination from corpses and both sexes and the period of mature age for histological studies of conditionally healthy mucous membrane of gum. The fence is carried out in the area of incisors, canines and first premolars from both halves of the upper and lower jaws with a standard dental instrument set were compared: a periodontological kit for curettage. The material is collected both in the area of papilla gum, and from its fixed part. Polarization microscopy is used to study the fibroarchitectonics of connective tissue formations. We used a contact strain gauge device to study the biomechanical parameters of the mucous membrane of the gums in normal and at different degrees of tensile of the mucous membranes. At various degrees of tension of the mucous membrane of the cavity of the mouth connective tissue plate loses the characteristic spatial orientation of the beams, the deep disruption of the entire fibrous frame occurs. Tissue stress recording was performed taking into account the tensile strength: weak (5%), average (7%) and strong (10%). Regardless of the degree of this pathology there is a decrease in the indicator we have chosen. Thus, with a weak degree of tension, the tissue pressure of the gum mucus decreases to 208.08 + 19.2 [6.07] Pa. At an average degree, the selected indicator is 149.43 + \ - 20.25 [6.4] Pa. A strong tension reduces the tissue tension of this area to 102.77 + 12.32 [3.9] Pa. One of the factors that provides high values of tissue gum voltage in the norm (350.4 · 9.69 Pa) is its fibrous components, which form a three-dimensional structure in the collagen beams of the 1st and 2nd order relative to the poorly developed elastic network. Different degrees of tensile of mucous membranes as a model of disorganization with the subsequent drop in tissue tension of the fibrous core were described. At the same time, the index of tissue voltage reduction is directly dependent on the tensile strength and is 208.08 + 19.2 Pa. The data presented indicate the disorganization of the fiber composition of the gums while tightening them. The expressiveness and nature of the changes depend on the degree of tension. Clinical manifestation of pathological processes in fibrous components of ascetic connective tissue is characterized by a decrease in tissue tension indices. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between the degree of tensile of the mucous membrane and the adequate reduction of the tense state of the soft core. Various degrees of tension of the mucous membrane can be considered as a kind of model of the fiber matrix with the dynamics of changes in the biomechanical parameters of tissues. The obtained data on the example of normal anatomy of the gums confirm the general pattern in the structures of the soft core - the quantitative ratio, the way of interaction of collagen and elastic fibers. Their spatial architectonics determine the deformative and strength properties of the connective tissue. For a detailed study of structural and biomechanical correlations we have selected mucous membranes with a different degree of tension. Our research has revealed structural changes in the fibrous gingival cortex against a background of different tensions with adequate tissue tension reduction.

scholarly journals Morphology of the esophageal mucosa in long-eared owl and eurasian jay

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
N. Dyshlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Paraffin Block ◽  
Mucosal Folds

The morphology of the esophageal mucosa in long-eared owl (Asio otus) and Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) has been studied. Samples with exception of the region of the esophageal tonsil were obtained from 3 adult birds of each species. They were studied by light microscopy using classical methods of morphological research. The tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin block and finally the section were cut at 5–10 µm thickness using sliding microtome and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gizon and Weigert and impregnated with silver nitrate according to Kelemen. The esophageal mucosa consisted of four layers: epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa. The epithelium was stratified squamous and better developed in the cranial part of the esophagus. The lamina propria was represented by a loose connective tissue with small amount of elastic fibers. In the long-eared owl tightly located numerous small secretory sections of the esophagus glands organised in 1–3, and in branches of large folds up to 6 layers, were found. Their short excretory ducts opened to the surface of the mucosa. The muscularis mucosae was represented by a smooth muscle tissue with bundles of cells directed longitudinally and in some areas appeared to be absent. The submucosa was well developed, and as well as lamina propria was formed by a loose connective tissue with a large number of elastic fibers. In the submucosa of the Eurasian jay secretory departments of large, not tightly located, esophageal mucous glands were found. The esophageal mucosa of this birds formed well-developed folds, which were composed of  all its layers. Their number in the long-eared owl was 20–25 and in the Eurasian jay – 5–9. The shape of folds on the transverse section is not the same: in the long-eared owl it was finger-shaped and leaf-shaped, but in the Eurasian jay it was wedge-shaped. Some large folds in the long-eared owl branched into the secondary mucosal folds. The height of folds in cranial part of the esophagus was larger than in caudal part. In both parts of the esophagus of long-eared owl  the height of the large and middle folds was larger than that in the Eurasian jay. The height of small folds in the Eurasian jay was greater than that in the long-eared owl. In both parts of the esophagus of this birds, the fold’s width at the base exceeded its width at the top. In the Eurasian jay the width of base and top of large, medium and small folds was larger than that in the long-eared owl. The esophageal mucosa was poor on immune formations. They were represented by single accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue, and in the Eurasian jay – even by secondary lymphoid nodules.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ТИПОЛОГІЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ АВТОНОМНОГО ТОНУСУ НА КІЛЬКІСНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СПОЛУЧНОЇ ТКАНИНИ КИШКОВОЇ СТІНКИ КУРЕЙ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
A.M. Tybinka
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Functional Stability ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Respective Type ◽  
Computer Morphometry ◽  
The Relationship

Fibrous connective tissue of the intestinal wall supports its functional stability and morphological integrity. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between the fibrous components of connective tissue in the intestinal wall of chicken, which is characterized by different types of autonomous tone.The researches was carries out on laying chicken of Isa-Braun cross, in amount 33 animals, aged 1 year. According to the results of electrocardiographic and variation-pulse metric researches, poultry was divided into two groups: sympatotonics (CT) – 16 chickens and sympato-normotonics (CT-HT) – 17 chickens. After poultry slaughter, from each intestine was extracted wall samples, which were fixed in fluid Buena with the further making of paraffin sections. The coloring of histological sections was done, using the methods of Van Gieson's stain, Pachini and Weigert. The correlation between the size of all fibers of connecting tissue and the size of only elastic fibers in both groups of poultry was researched on ready histological preparations. These researches were carried out on the section of crypt of mucosa and muscle membrane by the way of using computer morphometry. The results of the research were worked out statistically.It was found, on the basis of the obtained results, that the researched correlation is characterized by the same dynamics in the both intestine membranes. Herewith along the whole intestine larger numbers of this correlation belong to chicken-CT. The part of elastic fibers in muscle membrane is higher than in mucosa. The maximum amount of elastic fibers in the content of all fibers of connecting tissue can be observed at the beginning of small intestine and along with it gradually reduces. At the beginning of the large intestine this part slightly increase, however in the end of the intestine has the smallest amount. The presented patterns is peculiar for the both types of poultry, so on the basis of this we can mention the relative stability of morphology of intestine connective tissue. And disclosed typological peculiarities of the autonomous tone allow to adapt the structure of fiber component of connective tissue to the functional characteristics of digestion during the respective type of autonomous balance.

scholarly journals Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris Enhydris) Digestive System

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Dian Masyitha ◽  
Lena Maulidar ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin ◽  
Muhammad N. Salim ◽  
Dwinna Aliza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Tunica Muscularis ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

This research aimed to study the histology of the digestive system of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). The digestive system taken was the esophagus, stomach, frontal small intestine and the back of the large intestine from three watersnakes. The samples were then made into histological preparations with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and observed exploratively. The results showed that the digestive system of the watersnake was composed of layers of tissue, namely the mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and serous tunica. Mucosal mucosa consisted of the lamina epithelium, lamina propria, and mucous lamina muscularis. The submucosal tunica consisted of connective tissue with blood vessels, lymph, and nerves. The muscular tunica was composed of circular muscles and elongated muscles. The serous tunica consisted of a thin layer of connective tissue that was covered by a thin layer of the mesothelium (mesothelium). The histological structure of the snake digestive system is not much different from the reptile digestive system. However, in the small intestine of the snake, Brunner, and liberkhun glands are not found. Lamina epithelial in the small intestine of the snake is composed of the layered cylindrical epithelium.

The protease phenotype and crystalline nature of the granules of intraepithelial mast cells in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
D.S. Friend ◽  
N. Ghildyal ◽  
M.F. Gurish ◽  
K.F. Austen ◽  
R.L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

The relationship between the comb and social behaviour in laying hens

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. O’Connor ◽  
John E. Saunders ◽  
Hannah Grist ◽  
Morven A. McLeman ◽  
Christopher M. Wathes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
The Relationship

The formation of an artificial vagina by Baldwin's method

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-218
Author(s):  
I. F. Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Session 4 / XII 1929 Dr. I. F. Kharitonov (speaker Dr. A. N. Syzganov). The formation of an artificial vagina by Baldwin's method with a completely satisfactory result for the near future was produced by the operator in one case of congenital absence of this organ; the method is not safe, fraught with complications; in the reported case, the mucous membrane of the newly formed vagina continues to secrete juice from the small intestine, which strongly irritates the surrounding tissues.

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