Effects of humate and neodymium on phytochemical levels in kale at different ontogenetic stages

The increased global mortality caused by the rise in chronic diseases can be reduced by the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods. Leafy green kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has high nutritional value due to its high antioxidant content and its consumption is highly correlated with a reduced risk of developing some chronic diseases. The paper focuses on examining the effects of two different mineral nutrients – neodymium and potassium humate – on the accumulation of flavonoids, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in field-grown leafy green kale. Leaves from treated plants were collected at three stages of maturity –14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis. The results showed that the stimulatory effect of both mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals varied at the different growth stages - the highest significant effect of neodymium has been mostly observed at week 18 with high flavonoid, vitamin C, and carotenoid levels. Phenolic compounds for this variant are the same as in the control samples, while the level of malondialdehyde was reduced by 21.8%, signifying increased antioxidant activity. The rare earth element primarily maintained some phytochemical content at weeks 14 and 22. Following soil treatment with potassium humate, the levels of studied phytochemical compounds were either maintained or elevated at weeks 14, 18, and 22. Humic acid exerted the greatest decrease in malondialdehyde content in kale at week 14, indicating a reduction in the lipid peroxidation process in leaves. Accordingly, the harvest date of leafy green kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) should depend on the type of mineral nutrient applied. The obtained results provide information that may be relevant to the production of functional varieties and enhance the nutritional and possibly the economic value of kale.

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ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL NUTRIENT IMPACT ON METABOLITES ACCUMULATION IN KALE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. SABELLICA)

Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture ◽

10.12731/2658-6649-2021-13-3-208-224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 208-224

Author(s):

Joyce D. Anteh ◽

Olga A. Timofeeva ◽

Antonina A. Mostyakova

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Scientific Attention ◽

The Impact

Green leafy kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has huge scientific attention because of its health-promoting functionality. In the present study the impact of NPK, energen, biostim and humate on flavonoid, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and soluble sugar in kale was investigated. The mineral nutrients mostly increased but in some cases maintained the studied metabolites. The stimulatory effect of applied mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals analyzed varied with the different combinations of macro and microelements. Lipid peroxidation was minimized in leaves treated with mineral nutrients hence a reduction in MDA levels. Contrary to the correlation between nitrogen deficiency and increase in polyphenol and vitamin C content in plants, NPK and biostim did not reduce phenolic compound levels. The results of this study showed that NPK maximized the synthesis of vitamin C and proline; energen - phenolic compounds, carotenoids and sugar; biostim – phenolic compounds, proteins and sugar; humate – flavonoids and sugar in curly kale. Therefore, the type of macronutrient and micronutrients combination increases phytochemicals in differently. To enhance the synthesis of phenolic compounds and vitamins, the most promising additives are those containing humic acids (humate and energen), and biostim proved to be more effective for the synthesis of proteins. Background. The understanding of how diet affects the incidence or treatment of disease has led to a rise in consumer’s demand for functional foods as well as created the market for natural sources of health benefitting compounds rather than the synthetic sources. Curly kale has gained scientific attention as a functional food because it contains higher levels of phytochemicals than most vegetables. These phytochemicals have shown antioxidant, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antiviral activities. However, the content levels of these metabolites are influenced by not only genetic but environmental factors. It was of interest to evaluate how various mineral nutrients can elicit the accumulation of these compounds that minimize the risk of chronic diseases or aid in their treatment. Purpose. Evaluate how the mineral nutrients, NPK, energen, biostim and humate affect the content of metabolites (proteins, sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, MDA and proline) in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Materials and methods. Sprouts from kale seed kept wet in a Petri dish for 7 days were transferred to the field. At 6 weeks old four mineral nutrients (NPK, energen, humate and biostim) were added to the soil. Control variants were treated with water. A week later, the leaves were harvested after which, the phenolic compound, flavonoid, protein, sugar, vitamin C, carotenoid, MDA and proline contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Results. It was shown that humate fertilizer elicited the highest accumulation of flavonoids. Kale plants fertilized with energen were observed to have the highest phenolic compound content. NPK, energen and humate caused a similarly positive effect on vitamin C content in leaves, unlike biostim whose effect did not significantly differ from control plants. Energen treated kale had the highest increment of carotenoids. A varied reduction of MDA levels in plants treated with all four mineral nutrients was observed in kale leaves. Plants fertilized with biostim accrued the highest protein content in leaves. Proline content increased under the influence of all fertilizers studied. Sugar levels for all kale plants treated with the studied mineral nutrients were enhanced equally Conclusion. Macro and microelements supplied by mineral nutrients differentially boost the biosynthesis of health-promoting metabolites in curly kale, thereby enhancing its quality.

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Effect of potassium humate and growth stage on phenolic compound and vitamin C accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/941/1/012032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 941 (1) ◽

pp. 012032

Author(s):

J D Anteh ◽

O A Timofeeva ◽

A A Mostyakova

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potassium Humate ◽

Antioxidant Profile ◽

Brassica Crops ◽

Different Growth Stages

Abstract Kale is one of the top economically valuable crops in the world because of its high antioxidant content. Research shows that the antioxidant profile of Brassica crops varies with growth stages due to soil fertility, temperature, light and other agronomic factors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of potassium humate on phenolic compound content, the greatest contributor to the antioxidant properties of the highest-ranking superfood kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Our results showed that potassium humate at different growth stages elicited phenolic compounds in the studied samples. Leaves of 22 weeks old plants accumulated phenolic compounds about two times higher than those of 7 weeks old plants. Vitamin C content was increased by potassium humate treatment at 7 weeks. At 22 weeks levels in controls and treated kale leaves did not significantly differ.

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Effect of mineral fertilizers on the variability of phytochemicals in kale

АгроЭкоИнфо ◽

10.51419/202111080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (43) ◽

pp. 8-8

Author(s):

Alexander Saakian ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Biochemical Compounds ◽

Brassica Vegetables ◽

Total Antioxidant

The effect of five mineral nutrients on the variability of the content of biochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids and the antioxidant activity of kale (Brassica Oleracea var. sabellica) collected at the edible maturity stage. Manipulation of the phytochemical composition of the kale cabbage using mineral fertilizers was evident in the results achieved. The various mineral nutrients used had different effects on the content of the studied phytochemicals. The content of flavonoids and carotenoids did not decrease with any of the various mineral nutrients used. Contrary to recent research suggesting that rare earth elements are good stimulators of secondary metabolite accumulation, our results showed a decrease in the content of phenolic compounds in plants fertilized with neodymium. The total antioxidant activity increased under the influence of NPK and humate, which correlated with the highest content of soluble phenolic compounds and flavonoids in kale leaves. Low doses of N have a positive effect on these indicators. Mineral supplements of trace elements also had a stimulating effect on the accumulation of the studied substances. However, in addition to trace elements, a significant role is played by the presence of humic acids (in humate), which together with trace elements have the maximum stimulating effect on the content of the substances under study. Keywords: MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOCHEMICALS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, CAROTENOID, ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY, VITAMIN C, FLAVONOIDS, BRASSICA VEGETABLES

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Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae8010040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Alessandra Francini ◽

Carmen Fidalgo-Illesca ◽

Andrea Raffaelli ◽

Luca Sebastiani

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Apple Varieties ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Phenolic Phytochemicals ◽

Excellent Source

(1) Background: The aim of this research is to study the importance of improving knowledge of old variety apples in terms of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. (2) Methods: Fifteen phenolic compounds (UHPLC-MS/MS techniques), eight mineral elements (Ca, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na and Mg), antioxidant capacity (DPPH%) and vitamin C content in four ancient apple varieties of Tuscany (‘Mora’, ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’), with the ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivar as reference, were analyzed. (3) Results: Ancient cultivars exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity compared to commercial cultivars. ECTC and CGA were the polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples. The contents of the elements of concern, Zn and Mn, were higher in the ancient cultivars ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’, while Na showed significant low concentration in ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’. The vitamin C content also indicated that ‘Mora’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ old variety had an AsA content around 10 times higher than the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. (4) Conclusions: Underutilized varieties could be an excellent source of bioactive phenolic phytochemicals, mineral nutrients and vitamins that may offer special nutraceutical benefits compared to other fruits.

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Effect of mineral fertilizers on the variability of phytochemicals in kale

АгроЭкоИнфо ◽

10.51419/20211108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (43) ◽

pp. 8-8

Author(s):

Alexander Saakian ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Biochemical Compounds ◽

Brassica Vegetables ◽

Total Antioxidant

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Sustainable Processing of Floral Bio-Residues of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for Valuable Biorefinery Products

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Stefania Stelluti ◽

Matteo Caser ◽

Sonia Demasi ◽

Valentina Scariot

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Extraction Technique ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Average Value ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

High Yields ◽

Crocus Sativus L

Tepals constitute the most abundant bio-residues of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). As they are a natural source of polyphenols with antioxidant properties, they could be processed to generate valuable biorefinery products for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, becoming a new source of income while reducing bio-waste. Proper storage of by-products is important in biorefining and dehydration is widely used in the herb sector, especially for highly perishable harvested flowers. This study aimed to deepen the phytochemical composition of dried saffron tepals and to investigate whether this was influenced by the extraction technique. In particular, the conventional maceration was compared with the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE), using different solvents (water and three methanol concentrations, i.e., 20%, 50%, and 80%). Compared to the spice, the dried saffron tepals showed a lower content of total phenolics (average value 1127.94 ± 32.34 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW) and anthocyanins (up to 413.30 ± 137.16 mg G3G 100 g−1 DW), but a higher antioxidant activity, which was measured through the FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays. The HPLC-DAD analysis detected some phenolic compounds (i.e., ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin) not previously found in fresh saffron tepals. Vitamin C, already discovered in the spice, was interestingly detected also in dried tepals. Regarding the extraction technique, in most cases, UAE with safer solvents (i.e., water or low percentage of methanol) showed results of phenolic compounds and vitamin C similar to maceration, allowing an improvement in extractions by halving the time. Thus, this study demonstrated that saffron tepals can be dried maintaining their quality and that green extractions can be adopted to obtain high yields of valuable antioxidant phytochemicals, meeting the requirement for a sustainable biorefining.

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Quantification of glucosinolates, anthocyanins, free amino acids, and vitamin C in inbred lines of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 145 ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Suhyoung Park ◽

Mariadhas Valan Arasu ◽

Min-Ki Lee ◽

Jin-Hyuk Chun ◽

Jeong Min Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

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Biostimulation as a Means for Optimizing Fruit Phytochemical Content and Functional Quality of Tomato Landraces of the San Marzano Area

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10050926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Youssef Rouphael ◽

Giandomenico Corrado ◽

Giuseppe Colla ◽

Stefania De Pascale ◽

Emilia Dell’Aversana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Tropical Plant ◽

Protected Designation Of Origin ◽

Functional Quality ◽

Nutrient Use

The effect of plant biostimulation on fruits of traditional tomato germplasm is largely unknown. We examined how a tropical plant-derived biostimulant impacts the nutritional, functional, and compositional characteristics of tomato fruits from four landraces, collected in the San Marzano (SM) tomato Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) region, by profiling primary and secondary metabolites. Biostimulation was not able to completely reshuffle the morpho-physiological and nutritional profile of the four landraces. Their distinct phytochemical profile indicated a genotype-specific tuning of the analyzed traits, which also included an improved yield and fruit quality. Biostimulation of SM1 and SM3 increased photosynthetic accumulation of carbohydrate reserves, improved mineral nutrient use efficiency and consequently, yield (+21% and 34%, respectively). Moreover, biostimulation augmented the nutraceutical properties of the SM2 landrace. Interestingly, the plant-derived product increased in all genotypes lycopene, but not polyphenol accumulation in fruits. Our results show the potential of biostimulatory applications towards optimizing the fruit quality of the acclaimed SM landraces, which is suitable to satisfy both the rising consumer demand for premium traditional tomatoes and the technological needs of the food industry.

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Response of alfalfa and sugar beet to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) parasitism: a physiological and anatomical approach

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2018-0050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 199-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽

Dragana Bozic ◽

Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽

Jelena Gajic Umiljendic ◽

Sava Vrbnicanin

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Cuscuta Campestris ◽

Organic Nutrients ◽

Leaf Parameters ◽

Anatomical Parameters

The physiological and anatomical impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on alfalfa and sugar beet was examined under controlled conditions. The following parameters were checked: physiological — content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) and mineral nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and percent of organic and mineral nutrients; and anatomical — thickness of the epidermis and cortex, diameter of the stem and central cylinder of alfalfa plants, diameter of tracheids and phloem cells, area of xylem and phloem, and hydraulic conductance of petiole bundles in petiole vascular bundles of sugar beet plants. Leaf parameters were also measured on both host plants: thickness of upper and underside leaf epidermis, thickness of palisade, spongy and mesophyll tissue, and diameter of vascular bundle cells. Pigments content and anatomical parameters were measured 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infestation (DAI), while mineral nutrient contents were determined 20 and 40 DAI. Field dodder caused a significant reduction in pigments content in infested alfalfa (15%–68%) and sugar beet plants (1%–54%). The results obtained in this study confirmed that this parasitic flowering plant has a strong effect on most anatomical parameters of the stem and leaf of alfalfa and leaf and petiole of sugar beet. Also, it was revealed that field dodder increased the contents of N, P2O5, K2O, and organic nutrients in infested alfalfa plants, while infested sugar beet plants had higher contents of N and organic nutrients compared with non-infested plants.

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