scholarly journals Sustainable Processing of Floral Bio-Residues of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for Valuable Biorefinery Products

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Stefania Stelluti ◽  
Matteo Caser ◽  
Sonia Demasi ◽  
Valentina Scariot
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Tepals constitute the most abundant bio-residues of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). As they are a natural source of polyphenols with antioxidant properties, they could be processed to generate valuable biorefinery products for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, becoming a new source of income while reducing bio-waste. Proper storage of by-products is important in biorefining and dehydration is widely used in the herb sector, especially for highly perishable harvested flowers. This study aimed to deepen the phytochemical composition of dried saffron tepals and to investigate whether this was influenced by the extraction technique. In particular, the conventional maceration was compared with the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE), using different solvents (water and three methanol concentrations, i.e., 20%, 50%, and 80%). Compared to the spice, the dried saffron tepals showed a lower content of total phenolics (average value 1127.94 ± 32.34 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW) and anthocyanins (up to 413.30 ± 137.16 mg G3G 100 g−1 DW), but a higher antioxidant activity, which was measured through the FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays. The HPLC-DAD analysis detected some phenolic compounds (i.e., ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin) not previously found in fresh saffron tepals. Vitamin C, already discovered in the spice, was interestingly detected also in dried tepals. Regarding the extraction technique, in most cases, UAE with safer solvents (i.e., water or low percentage of methanol) showed results of phenolic compounds and vitamin C similar to maceration, allowing an improvement in extractions by halving the time. Thus, this study demonstrated that saffron tepals can be dried maintaining their quality and that green extractions can be adopted to obtain high yields of valuable antioxidant phytochemicals, meeting the requirement for a sustainable biorefining.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction as an Alternative Method for the Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Maqui Berries (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa ◽  
Ana V. González de Peredo ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Miguel Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Aristotelia Chilensis ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Research interest regarding maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) has increased over the last years due to its potential health benefits as one of the most antioxidant-rich berries. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an advanced green, fast, and ecological extraction technique for the production of high quality extracts from natural products, so it has been proposed in this work as an ideal alternative extraction technique for obtaining extracts of high bioactivity from maqui berries. In order to determine the optimal conditions, the extraction variables (percentage of methanol, pH, temperature, ratio “sample mass/volume of solvent”, amplitude, and cycle) were analyzed by a Box-Behnken design, in conjunction with the response surface method. The statistical analysis revealed that the temperature and the percentage of methanol were the most influential variables on the extraction of the total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins, respectively. The optimal extraction time was determined at 15 min for total phenolic compounds, while it was only 5 min for anthocyanins. The developed methods showed a high precision level with a coefficient of variation of less than 5%. Finally, the new methods were successfully applied to several real samples. Subsequently, the results were compared to those that were obtained in previous experiments by means of microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Similar extraction yields were obtained for phenolic compounds under optimized conditions. However, UAE proved to be slightly more efficient than MAE in the extraction of anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Phenolic content, chemical composition and anti-/pro-oxidant activity of Gold Milenium and Papierowka apple peel extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kalinowska ◽  
Kamila Gryko ◽  
Anna M. Wróblewska ◽  
Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć ◽  
Danuta Karpowicz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Apple Peel

Abstract In this study the peels of ecologically grown apple (Malus domestica) cultivars: Gold Milenium (a new scab‐resistant variety) and Papierowka (Papirovka; an old, sensitive to apple scab variety) were examined for their composition (phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, simple organic acids, macro-, microelements, reducing sugars, l-ascorbic acid), pro- and antioxidant properties as well as their application in reduction of the oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblast. The higher content of phenolic compounds correlated with the greater pro- and antioxidant activity of the peels of Papierowka compared to Gold Milenium in DPPH·, ABTS+, FRAP and CUPRAC assays as well as an ability to inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The quantity of the compounds strongly depended on the type of extraction. The extract of Papierowka peels possessed much higher amount of phenolic compounds compared to Gold Milenium (Papierowka: 3.68 ± 0.20 mg/g peel ultrasound assisted extraction (u.a.e); 2.02 ± 0.13 mg/g peel conventional extraction (c.e.); Gold Milenium: 1.46 ± 0.19 mg/g peel u.a.e; 1.15 ± 0.04 mg/g peel c.e. according the HPLC measurement). The pro-oxidant activity of the extract from Papierowka peels can be correlated with the content of phenolic compounds and metal ions as well. The apple peel extract is promising agent reducing the oxidative stress in skin fibroblast.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Rice: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ciulu ◽  
Maria Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Antonio Segura-Carretero
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
World Population ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Rice represents the main source of calorie intake in many world countries and about 60% of the world population include rice in their staple diet. Whole grain rice, also called brown rice, represent the unpolished version of the more common white rice including bran, germ, and endosperm. Many health-promoting properties have been associated to the consumption of whole grain rice and, for this reason, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards the identification and the quantification of bioactive compounds in this food item. In this contribution, the last five years progresses in the quali-quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in rice have been highlighted. Special attention has been devoted to the most recent strategies for the extraction of the target compounds from rice along with the analytical approaches adopted for the separation, identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. More specifically, the main features of the “traditional” extraction methods (i.e., maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction) have been described, as well as the more innovative protocols involving advanced extraction techniques, such as MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). The predominant role of HPLC in the definition of the phenolic profile has been examined also presenting the most recent results obtained by using mass spectrometry-based detection systems. In addition, the most common procedures aimed to the quantification of the total amount of the cited classes of phenolic compounds have been described together with the spectrophotometric protocols aimed to the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of rice phenolic extracts (i.e., FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and ORAC).

Innovative Extraction Techniques for the Optimum Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Peanut Meal and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Water Ratio

There is a worldwide demand for phenolic compounds (PC) because they exhibit several biological activities. This work aimed at extracting phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The methods of extraction were mainly: conventional solvent extraction (traditional methods) and ultrasound assisted extraction (recent methods) and comparing their results. Peanut meal (PM) was prepared by defatting with n-hexane, and then extracted by the two previous methods. First, the conventional solvents used were 80% methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and distilled water. Then studied Different parameters such as meal: water ratio, also the effect of temperature and the pH on the extraction process. Second, ultrasonic assisted extractions (USAE), the parameters investigated were temperature, time and speed of sonication. Finally, all the extracts were analyzed by HPLC for their phenolic contents. Results indicated that the highest extracted PC achieved by solvents was in distilled water where 1:100, Meal: Water ratio which extracted 40 mg PC / g PM at 30& 35°C. Highest extracted PC was achieved by alkaline medium at pH 12 more than acidic and neutral medium. While (USAE) at speed 8 ultrasonication and temperature 30ᵒC, extracted 49.2mg PC /g PM. Sothe ultrasound assisted extraction exhibited great influence on the extraction of phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The ultrasonic peanut extract was examined for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. The antioxidant activity of PM phenolic extract prepared by ultrasonic technique, was measured by, β-carotene, and DPPH methods, and reducing antioxidant power. Results revealed values: 84.57, 57.72 and 5960 respectively. The PM extract showed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria used. As for the anticarcinogenic effect PM phenolic extract most effective on inhibiting colon carcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines with IC50 = 20.7 and 20.8 µ/ml., respectively. This was followed by intestinal carcinoma and liver carcinoma cell lines with IC50= 39.6 and 40.2µ/ml.

Greener ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds in Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 105525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheila B. do C. de Sousa ◽  
Gilvanda L. dos Anjos ◽  
Rafaela S.A. Nóbrega ◽  
Andréia da S. Magaton ◽  
Fabrício M. de Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

scholarly journals Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Terpenes from Cannabis sativa L. By-Products: From Conventional to Intensified Processes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Emilie Isidore ◽  
Hamza Karim ◽  
Irina Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
By Products

Cannabis sativa L. is a controversial crop due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol content varieties; however, the hemp varieties get an increased interest. This paper describes (i) the main categories of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, stilbenoids and lignans) and terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) from C. sativa by-products and their biological activities and (ii) the main extraction techniques for their recovery. It includes not only common techniques such as conventional solvent extraction, and hydrodistillation, but also intensification and emerging techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction or supercritical CO2 extraction. The effect of the operating conditions on the yield and composition of these categories of phenolic compounds and terpenes was discussed. A thorough investigation of innovative extraction techniques is indeed crucial for the extraction of phenolic compounds and terpenes from cannabis toward a sustainable industrial valorization of the whole plant.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-assisted extraction of protein from Bombay locusts and its impact on functional and antioxidative properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Passakorn Kingwascharapong ◽  
Manat Chaijan ◽  
Supatra Karnjanapratum
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids ◽  
The Impact

AbstractImpact of ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) on yield, functional properties, antioxidant properties and molecular characteristics of protein extracted from Bombay locusts (BL) (Patanga succinta L.) was studied. Different conditions of UAP were implemented for different amplitudes (40–60%) and times (10–30 min) during aqueous extraction. Notably, UAP could enhance yield and protein recovery, compared with those from typical process (TP) (continuously stirred at 100 rpm at room temperature for 1 h). UAP conditions used governed the change of surface hydrophobicity and free α-amino content of BL. UAP could improve solubility of BL, especially at pH levels higher than 2. UAP had no significant (p > 0.05) detrimental effects on foaming capacity and stability of BL. Nevertheless, UAP, particularly at 50–60% amplitudes, affected the emulsion activity and stability of BL. UAP provided BL with high radical scavenging activities and good electron donating ability, especially that from 60% amplitude for 20 min (UAP-60/20). UAP-60/20 showed the impact on change of isoelectric point and molecular characteristic monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) of BL, compared to those from TP. In addition, BL was also an excellent source of both essential and nonessential amino acids. Therefore, UAP potentially enhanced BL extraction efficiency, resulting the BL with good functional and antioxidative properties.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Combination: A Green Strategy to Improve the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Inês Mansinhos ◽  
Sandra Gonçalves ◽  
Raquel Rodríguez-Solana ◽  
José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz ◽  
José Manuel Moreno-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco, on the antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase (Tyr) inhibitory capacities. Ten different NADES were used in this research and compared with conventional solvents. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 60 min proved to be the best extraction condition, and proline:lactic acid (1:1) and choline chloride:urea (1:2) extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents (56.00 ± 0.77 mgGAE/gdw) and antioxidant activity [64.35 ± 1.74 mgTE/gdw and 72.13 ± 0.97 mgTE/gdw in 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, respectively]. These extracts also exhibited enzymes inhibitory capacity particularly against Tyr and AChE. Even so, organic acid-based NADES showed to be the best extractants producing extracts with considerable ability to inhibit enzymes. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS, being rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B the major compounds. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADES provide an excellent alternative to organic solvents for sustainable and green extraction, and have huge potential for use in industrial applications involving the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.

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