scholarly journals The theoretical and methodological direction of the strategy of land reclamation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
T. I. Galagan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Productive Potential

The ecological-economic strategy of use and protection of remediated land was developed. It consists of four main interconnected stages: preparatory, agrotechnical, agroecological and economic. The preparatory phase ensures that the top layer of arable cultivation of waste land through the introduction of career-technical and chemical meliorations, depending on which branch of the economy continue to be used in this area. It was during this time where money is being spent to conduct geotechnical work associated with the remediation of internal and external dump pits. The agrotechnical phase provides optimization of the properties of ecotopia as the habitat of plants. During this phase, funds are spent on the application of organic (norm not less than 50 t/ha manure), organic-mineral and mineral (about 80 kg/ha d. g) fertilizers. In this case, improved physico-chemical properties of remediated land, increases the level of their fertility, which is reflected in the number of products received. Agroecological stage forms the ecotopia suitability for use in agricultural production. This stage contains the effect and aftereffect of all previous measures aimed at amelioration of the restored lands. During this phase, special attention is paid to the final layout of the surface of the field and introduction of special phyto-reclamation rotations, saturated of perennial leguminous herbs or their mixtures with other herbs, including legumes and does not. For each plot must be restored designing her the only acceptable rotation, the ratio and selection of plant species which should be oriented not only at obtaining a stable, high-quality products, but also on the formation of appropriate environmental conditions that ensure the optimal development of all components of biogeocenosis and their protection. The economic stage is what defines the economic sector, the most appropriate future use of remediated lands. On the basis of long-term monitoring researches, within each region, the methodological guidance and practical recommendations for the rational foundations of socio-ecological and economic use of the reclaimed lands in agricultural production are developed. It is determined the payback period of all costs incurred during reclamation of the site and the territory in general. On the basis of these stages it is proved a strategic direction for the creation and implementation of the dump pits of the mining enterp rises of the steppe Dnieper eight basic models of land restoration. The big attention is paid to the biological stage of recultivation, which is based on the analysis and the account of economical, business and physical – geographical features of a place of mining operations. In this paper it is resulted the list of the basic rocks of Nikopol manganese – ore field from which artificial lands (edaphotopes) are created and the prospective branch of their further use is underlined. The priority trend is taken away to an agricultural production. And, to recultivated plots should be given such possibilities which would allow them to perform the same functions what they realized before destruction of this locality. Methodical development works are offered relative to: price definitions of humus layer before destruction of soil and cost 1 м3 of the restored soil covering; expenses on renewal of productive potential of recultivated lands; definitions of the gross revenue and quantity of production from recultivated lands. Also it is affirmed, that recultivated lands should receive not only economic, but also ecological estimation as this indicator reflects the ecological conditions in the given district and has the big social value. The term «Factor of the ecological well-being» districts and its gradation is entered, allowing to define the period of recoupment of expenses on recultivation of land taking into account the ecological and economical efficiency of the restored area.

scholarly journals Ecosystem approach to the assessment of land reclamation on the example of Zaporizhzhskiy manganese ore quarry

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
I. M. Loza ◽  
O. Y. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Economic Use

Mining industry is the one of the powerful factors leading to the degradation of native ecosystems. Disturbed ecosystems developed instead the native may be remediated using certain reclamation techniques. The purpose of this work was assessment of the remediation quality within Ordzhonikidze Ore Mining and Processing Integrated Plant on the possibility of their economic use and suitability for the existence of soil biota, as well as providing recommendations for further rational economic use. Technical remediation of the surveyed area included such stages as removal of topsoil with gross method, followed by its storage in piles; reformation and levelling of overburden above-ore dump disposed in the exhaust space of career by gross way; keeping of levelled rocks up to 3 years with the purpose of their subsidence; surface repair after subsidence; application of humic layer; ploughing of reclaimed lands. Assessment of soil quality was carried out by comparing a quality score of reclaimed soils with a quality score of zonal soil. Data collection and processing were carried out on values of humus layer thickness; humus content in filling top layer; content of physical clay in topsoil and subsoil; granulometric composition of one-meter thick fill layer; topsoil and subsoil salinity; composition and properties of underlying rocks. As a result of mining operations, topsoil of remediated soil is depleted in chemical elements necessary for plant growth; as a result, the soil becomes more calcareous, and contains humus 1,5–2 times less than that in topsoil of undisturbed soil. Topsoil thickness is on average 58 cm. Humus content in the filled layer on average is 2.2%. Mechanical composition of the arable layer is middle loamy. The soil is compacted below the plow pan. Mechanical composition of the underlying rock is fine-textured. Salinization with water-soluble salts above the toxicity threshold in the arable layer of the studied soils was not found. Before agricultural use of reclaimed lands, it is essential to repair it with the techniques of biological reclamation. This is achieved through cultivation of salt-resistant perennial grasses for 3–5 years.

scholarly journals Research on Soil Resources of the NorthWest Part of the Cracau-Bistrita Depresion for Sustainable Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1186
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽  
Catalin Cristian Simota ◽  
Mihail Dumitru ◽  
Sorina Iustina Dumitru ◽  
Petru Ignat
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

Cracau-Bistrita Depression it belongs to the investigated it is a unique physical geographical unit within Moldavian Subcarpatians, which occupies the center of the groove subcarpathic between Moldova and the Trotus Rivers. In geological terms we refer territory corresponds to a restricted part of the Moldavian Platform appears as an extension to the southwest of Russian platform. Geological rocks that are part of the northwest Cracau-Bistrita Depression parent materials generated relatively differentiated by features and nature that can be eluvial, colluvial and alluvial. After compiling size, they are made of clay and marly clay, sand, alluvial deposits. The main pedogenetic processes which led to differentiation and the formation horizons of soil the soil cover of the northwest Cracau-Bistrita Depression may be mentioned bioaccumulation, clay migration, argillisation, gleyzation and stagnogleyzation. Ensemble pedogenetic factors and pedogenetic processes specific area led to the formation of a coating on the ground floor consists of relatively varied protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrisols. Of these, the largest share is occupied by cernisols. Arable land suitability is limited by several factors, of which the most important are considered the soil, topography and drainage. So outstanding were six classes of land: from those with very good suitability for field crops, without restriction, to land that can be used only for forests as those from nearby watercourses due to flooding. Misuse of the land has led to extreme natural phenomena, considered risks that go to produce immense damage by reducing agricultural production. I particularly physical, chemical and complex risks. Most worthy of notice covers the main physical and chemical properties of soil and land degradation by destroying the soil. In order to eliminate the negative effects of limiting factors of agricultural production, reducing risk and thereby improving the productive potential of the northwest Cracau-Bistrita Depression were proposed a series of works agropedoameliorative such as regulation of water and embankment works, paper land on the contour and avoiding weeding plant cultivation on slopes, erosion control works and avoid prolonged grazing early spring or fall, ripping papers for land compacted or affected by excess moisture.

Problems and prospects of land reclamation in the non-Chernozem zone of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
High Level

The non-black earth zone of Russia is a zone of guaranteed harvest of major agricultural crops. However, at present, the potential of the reclaimed lands of the Non-Black Earth Region remains largely unrealized. In world agricultural practice, land reclamation combined with the use of modern technical means is an important factor in the development of agriculture, a condition for a consistently high level of agricultural production. Therefore, in all countries, reclaimed lands are given a special status, and the necessary amount of reclamation fund of agricultural lands is created.

An analysis of major environmental threats to human security in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Naresh Bhakta Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Government

The paper mainly analyses the environmental threats focusing on climate change to human security in Nepal. Major aspects of human security are interlinked and interconnected in our context. Among them, human security offers much to the vibrant field of environmental security in Nepal. Environmental threats are linked to the overall impact on human survival, well-being, and productivity. A great deal of human security is tied to peoples’ access to natural resources and vulnerabilities to environmental change. The major environmental threats in our context is the climate change which have widespread implications for Nepal, causing impacts to water availability, agricultural production, forestry, among many other detrimental effects. The critical threat of environmental security needs to be taken into serious consideration to save our succeeding generation. This article primarily interpreted the government action towards emerging environmental threat based on realist approach. For the study of theme of this article, descriptive and analytical research has been used to draw present major environmental threats in Nepal. With consideration to factors, this article attempted to identify the major environmentally vulnerable areas that are likely to hamper the overall status of human security in Nepal. This paper also tried to suggest the measures to enhance the environmental security considering prospects and policy focusing on Nepalese diverse aspects.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LAND RECLAMATION AND PROTECTION DURING MINING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Olga Igorevna Ivanova ◽  
Aleksey Vasilevich Kozhukhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

The purpose of the study is to influence land resources during mining operations, and the main stages of land reclamation during mining on the example of the Tyradinsky gold Deposit, the "Zolotaya Tyrada" quarry, located in the Yenisei region of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main factors of impact on land resources in the process of mining the field are considered; the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact on land resources in the process of mining the field is carried out. The actual height and area of overburden dump not to exceed project, the reconfiguration of dumps allowed us to reduce the impact of mining on the environment, to avoid placing parts of the dumps in the water protection zone of the river Terada, thus there is no need of land allocation to forests of the first group and reduced the amount of removed topsoil. During the reclamation, potentially fertile soils (loam) taken from the quarry were used. There will be no deterioration in the impact on land resources during the liquidation process, due to the short duration of the work and within the existing land allotment.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF NEW METHODS AND FORMS OF FINANCIAL SECURITY FOR AIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Sh. Sh. Ramazanova ◽  
N. K. Kuchukova ◽  
H. А. Shmarlouskaya ◽  
N. G. Varaksa ◽  
O. S. Abdulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
Labor Skills

Kazakhstan, due to its inherent natural, climatic and geographical features, as well as specific conditions and traditional labor skills of the indigenous population, has long been considered one of the largest livestock countries. In Kazakhstan, almost half of the population lives in the countryside, but it is agriculture that has become the weakest sector, which requires a properly selected consistent approach to reform. In order to create conditions for the development of the innovative potential and innovative activity of the agricultural sector and the formation of a saturated market for products and services, it is necessary to determine the factors of the crisis state of agriculture and justify ways to overcome them, given the existing prerequisites and opportunities. There is always a lag of the actual results of agricultural production from the possibilities of obtaining them with the full and correct use of scientific and technical achievements. This is also true for the present. For example, the productive potential of plants and animals is realized at a level not exceeding 35-40% genetically determined. The possibilities of increasing soil fertility are used at the same level. Along with the development of scientific research, this requires increasing the innovative potential in all other areas, increasing the possibilities for a wider and more efficient use of the existing and expected in the future scientific and technological achievements.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficiency of using agricultural land in agricultural production

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
L. V. Kireicheva ◽  
V. A. Shevchenko ◽  
I. F. Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Integral Assessment

Relevance. The effective use of agricultural land is a fundamental prerequisite for the successful implementation in the agro-industrial complex of the task of providing the population with food, and production with raw materials. At the same time, the issues of methodological support of the procedures for determining the integral indicator for assessing the use of agricultural land, established on the basis of a theoretically grounded unified approach based on quantitative methods, have been developed with insufficient completeness. Actualization of the issues of improving the theory and practice of assessing the effectiveness of the use of agricultural land in agricultural production is becoming one of the priority tasks of land reclamation science. The purpose of this work is to create a methodological basis for the process of assessing the use of agricultural land, which guarantees the comparability of the considered options for agroproduction in different natural and economic conditions.Methods. The research is based on the method of point assessments for indicators of agricultural land exploitation and the formation on their basis an integral criterion of land use efficiency. The proposed procedure includes: analysis of statistical data characterizing the dynamics of the values of indicators of used land resources, calculation of local assessments of the feasibility of their exploitation and assessment of the efficiency of land use according to a generalizing criterion represented by the sum of these local assessments.Results. A methodology has been developed and a method has been created for determining the efficiency of the use of agricultural land, based on a generalized integral assessment of the operation of agricultural land, which allows to identify bottlenecks in agricultural production and outline rational directions for the development of land use. The testing of the algorithm of the methodology and capabilities of the scale for the integral assessment of the efficiency of the use of land resources was carried out on the example of the Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation. Shown is an unsatisfactory (below the national average) contribution of agricultural production to the gross regional product. On the whole, positive dynamics of agricultural production in the Non-Black Earth Zone was established, which is achieved due to the development of animal husbandry, which is an effective factor in the formation of modern efficient agriculture of the territory, with the orientation of the crop production system on the raw material basis of feed production or the sector of the economy of the agro-industrial complex of the territory.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Consumer Cooperation Development in Small Forms of Fruits and Vegetables Production

TEM Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 578-589
Author(s):  
Sergey Kalchenko ◽  
Iryna Kolokolchykova ◽  
Darya Legeza ◽  
Denys Yeremenko ◽  
Andrii Hutorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Cooperative Model ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Stimulation Of

The efficiency of small gardening is considered in this paper. The importance of peasant households for the Ukrainian village is justified. The necessity measures facilitating the efficiency of family agricultural production was proved. The international practices of the functioning of peasant households were analyzed. The recommendations such as the assessment of small agricultural development were proposed. The marketability level, its share in the revenue is the important criteria. The necessity of the peasant households unions on cooperatives was proved. The servicing cooperative model was proposed. Its mission is a provision of sale of production. Amendments in the efficiency of the economic activity, in budget of the farming families were determined. The recommendations proposed enables to improve the peasants' well-being level, to influence positively on the vegetables market. Transition of peasant households to the entrepreneurial basis develop of servicing cooperation in small agricultural is presented as well.

Microbiological and Chemical Properties of the Forest Humus Layer at Four Sites in Southern Finland

1990 ◽  
pp. 351-372
Author(s):  
Kristina Palmgren ◽  
Tarja Brenner ◽  
Anne Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Forest Humus ◽  
And Chemical Properties
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