scholarly journals Ecosystem approach to the assessment of land reclamation on the example of Zaporizhzhskiy manganese ore quarry

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
I. M. Loza ◽  
O. Y. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Economic Use

Mining industry is the one of the powerful factors leading to the degradation of native ecosystems. Disturbed ecosystems developed instead the native may be remediated using certain reclamation techniques. The purpose of this work was assessment of the remediation quality within Ordzhonikidze Ore Mining and Processing Integrated Plant on the possibility of their economic use and suitability for the existence of soil biota, as well as providing recommendations for further rational economic use. Technical remediation of the surveyed area included such stages as removal of topsoil with gross method, followed by its storage in piles; reformation and levelling of overburden above-ore dump disposed in the exhaust space of career by gross way; keeping of levelled rocks up to 3 years with the purpose of their subsidence; surface repair after subsidence; application of humic layer; ploughing of reclaimed lands. Assessment of soil quality was carried out by comparing a quality score of reclaimed soils with a quality score of zonal soil. Data collection and processing were carried out on values of humus layer thickness; humus content in filling top layer; content of physical clay in topsoil and subsoil; granulometric composition of one-meter thick fill layer; topsoil and subsoil salinity; composition and properties of underlying rocks. As a result of mining operations, topsoil of remediated soil is depleted in chemical elements necessary for plant growth; as a result, the soil becomes more calcareous, and contains humus 1,5–2 times less than that in topsoil of undisturbed soil. Topsoil thickness is on average 58 cm. Humus content in the filled layer on average is 2.2%. Mechanical composition of the arable layer is middle loamy. The soil is compacted below the plow pan. Mechanical composition of the underlying rock is fine-textured. Salinization with water-soluble salts above the toxicity threshold in the arable layer of the studied soils was not found. Before agricultural use of reclaimed lands, it is essential to repair it with the techniques of biological reclamation. This is achieved through cultivation of salt-resistant perennial grasses for 3–5 years.

scholarly journals The theoretical and methodological direction of the strategy of land reclamation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
T. I. Galagan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Productive Potential

The ecological-economic strategy of use and protection of remediated land was developed. It consists of four main interconnected stages: preparatory, agrotechnical, agroecological and economic. The preparatory phase ensures that the top layer of arable cultivation of waste land through the introduction of career-technical and chemical meliorations, depending on which branch of the economy continue to be used in this area. It was during this time where money is being spent to conduct geotechnical work associated with the remediation of internal and external dump pits. The agrotechnical phase provides optimization of the properties of ecotopia as the habitat of plants. During this phase, funds are spent on the application of organic (norm not less than 50 t/ha manure), organic-mineral and mineral (about 80 kg/ha d. g) fertilizers. In this case, improved physico-chemical properties of remediated land, increases the level of their fertility, which is reflected in the number of products received. Agroecological stage forms the ecotopia suitability for use in agricultural production. This stage contains the effect and aftereffect of all previous measures aimed at amelioration of the restored lands. During this phase, special attention is paid to the final layout of the surface of the field and introduction of special phyto-reclamation rotations, saturated of perennial leguminous herbs or their mixtures with other herbs, including legumes and does not. For each plot must be restored designing her the only acceptable rotation, the ratio and selection of plant species which should be oriented not only at obtaining a stable, high-quality products, but also on the formation of appropriate environmental conditions that ensure the optimal development of all components of biogeocenosis and their protection. The economic stage is what defines the economic sector, the most appropriate future use of remediated lands. On the basis of long-term monitoring researches, within each region, the methodological guidance and practical recommendations for the rational foundations of socio-ecological and economic use of the reclaimed lands in agricultural production are developed. It is determined the payback period of all costs incurred during reclamation of the site and the territory in general. On the basis of these stages it is proved a strategic direction for the creation and implementation of the dump pits of the mining enterp rises of the steppe Dnieper eight basic models of land restoration. The big attention is paid to the biological stage of recultivation, which is based on the analysis and the account of economical, business and physical – geographical features of a place of mining operations. In this paper it is resulted the list of the basic rocks of Nikopol manganese – ore field from which artificial lands (edaphotopes) are created and the prospective branch of their further use is underlined. The priority trend is taken away to an agricultural production. And, to recultivated plots should be given such possibilities which would allow them to perform the same functions what they realized before destruction of this locality. Methodical development works are offered relative to: price definitions of humus layer before destruction of soil and cost 1 м3 of the restored soil covering; expenses on renewal of productive potential of recultivated lands; definitions of the gross revenue and quantity of production from recultivated lands. Also it is affirmed, that recultivated lands should receive not only economic, but also ecological estimation as this indicator reflects the ecological conditions in the given district and has the big social value. The term «Factor of the ecological well-being» districts and its gradation is entered, allowing to define the period of recoupment of expenses on recultivation of land taking into account the ecological and economical efficiency of the restored area.

scholarly journals Едафічна характеристика дерново-літогенних ґрунтів на сіро-зелених глинах на засадах екологічної мікроморфології

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
В. В. Кацевич ◽  
Ю. І. Грицан
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
State Problem ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
Economic Use

Наведено агроекологічне обґрунтування процесу ґрунтоутворення та результати мікроморфологічного дослідження дерново-літогенних ґрунтів на сіро-зелених глинах науково-дослідного стаціонару ДДАЕУ з сільськогосподарської рекультивації земель. Виявлено особливості мікроморфологічної будови техноземів пробної ділянки сільськогосподарської рекультивації. Встановлено найбільш характерні новоутворення досліджуваного профілю, а саме дрібнозернистий кальцит, який насичує матеріал основи, та його вицвіти в порах. In general, in Ukraine the rate of land alienation with the purpose of mining operations is far ahead of the rate of reclaimed areas recovery. As a result, the problem of disturbed lands reclamation and their returning to economic use becomes a high priority state problem.  The objective of our study was characterizating the pegogenesis of soddy-lithogenic soil onto grey-green сlay in the condition of land reclamation of the Research-Experimental Agrarian Station of Dnipro State Agrarian-Economic University (DSAEU). According to the results of micromorphological study of soddy-lithogenic soils onto grey-green сlay conducted at DSAEU Research-Experimental Agricultural Station near Pokrov city, Nikopol district of Dnipropetrovsk region, agroecological substantiation of pedogenesis was presented.     The peculiarities of the micromorphological structure of technozem on the experimental plot of agricultural reclamation were studied. It was established that the dominance of carbonates is common in each soil horizon. Due to effect of climatic and biological factors, calcareous neoformations in the topsoil are much smaller in size in comparison with subsoil, and the number of large ones is negligible. With the depth, the effect of weathering decreases, leading to much larger size of calcareous neoformations. Micromorphological studies show that fine-grained calcite was the most common type of neoformations in the soil profile, which saturates the material with bases, and its mottles in pores. It was determined that organic substance was contained mainly in the upper soil horizons 20 cm deep. It is mainly represented by black humus, gumones and fresh plant residues. The absence of the intermediate stages of fresh plant residues decomposition provides the evidence of a high rate of organic matter decomposition.

POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Economic Use

This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in PM10 inorganic composition in the Andean city

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Zalakeviciute ◽  
Katiuska Alexandrino ◽  
Yves Rybarczyk ◽  
Alexis Debut ◽  
Karla Vizuete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Soluble Ions

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) is one of the key pollutants causing health risks worldwide. While the preoccupation for increased concentrations of these particles mainly depends on their sources and thus chemical composition, some regions are yet not well investigated. In this work the composition of chemical elements of atmospheric PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 µm), collected at the urban and suburban sites in high elevation tropical city, were chemically analysed during the dry and wet seasons of 2017–2018. A large fraction (~ 68%) of PM10 composition in Quito, Ecuador is accounted for by water-soluble ions and 16 elements analysed using UV/VIS spectrophotometer and Inductively Coupled Plasma—Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to study a correlation between the chemical composition of urban pollution and meteorological parameters. The suburban area displays an increase in PM10 concentrations and natural elemental markers during the dry (increased wind intensity, resuspension of soil dust) season. Meanwhile, densely urbanized area shows increased total PM10 concentrations and anthropogenic elemental markers during the wet season, which may point to the worsened combustion and traffic conditions. This might indicate the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory problems in motorized areas of the cities in the developing world.

Justification of engineering safety criteria for undermining of water-proof layer in the Upper Kama Salt Deposit

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
A. A. Baryakh ◽  
L. O. Tenison
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Subsidence Trough ◽  
Safety Criterion ◽  
Mining Depth ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Water Proof

Safety of a water-proof pillar between the stoping void and the aquifers defines the key feature of water-soluble mineral mining. In this regard, the most important element of geomechanical supervision of mining operations, especially, at the mine project stage, is the engineering safety criteria aimed at the adequate valuation of safe undermining of water-proof strata (WPS). The WPS safety procedures now in force calculate only maximal sagging of undermined beds and disregard deformation in the edge area of WPS. In the meanwhile, the edges of WPS are the areas of localization of maximal horizontal strains, and the hazard of vertical jointing is the highest in these areas. In this connection, in the capacity of the index of the manmade load on WPS, it is proposed to use the maximal slope of the edge area of the subsidence trough. The evaluations were carried out in 6 Uralkali’s mine sites selected from the mathematical modeling and geophysical survey data which exhibited considerable damage of WPS. Based on the implemented research and justifications, it is recommended to use the generalized safety criterion for undermining of WPS as a maximal subsidence/mining depth ratio which is directly proportional to the ground slope. This engineering procedure describes more adequately the fracture mechanism in WPS rocks, in particular, damage localization in edge areas of the subsidence trough, or influence of mining depth on WPS stability and, which is main thing, is based on the criteria derived from the long-term observations and measurements performed in the Upper Kama deposit. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 19-77-30008.

Transfer of Abrasive Material at Grinding a Titanium Alloy with a Wheel of Cubic Boron Nitride

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Nosenko ◽  
Alexander V. Fetisov ◽  
Semen P. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Ceramic Bond ◽  
Abrasive Tools ◽  
Wear Products

The article summarizes the results of the of the titanium alloy surface morphology and chemical composition study after grinding with a wheel of cubic boron nitride on a ceramic bond. The titanium alloy was treated using the method of cut-in grinding in the finishing mode using a synthetic water-soluble lubricant-cooling liquid that does not contain mineral oil. The research was carried out using the FEI Versa 3D LoVac electron microscope. Digital photos of the titanium alloy surface at different magnifications are given. Individual objects’ morphology allows us to identify them as wear products of abrasive tools. The chemical composition of the selected objects was studied by local x-ray spectral analysis. CBN crystals are partially or completely pressed into the treated surface and covered with a layer of the treated material. On the surface of CBN crystals, there are chemical elements that are part of the abrasive tool bond.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LAND RECLAMATION AND PROTECTION DURING MINING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Olga Igorevna Ivanova ◽  
Aleksey Vasilevich Kozhukhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

The purpose of the study is to influence land resources during mining operations, and the main stages of land reclamation during mining on the example of the Tyradinsky gold Deposit, the "Zolotaya Tyrada" quarry, located in the Yenisei region of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main factors of impact on land resources in the process of mining the field are considered; the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact on land resources in the process of mining the field is carried out. The actual height and area of overburden dump not to exceed project, the reconfiguration of dumps allowed us to reduce the impact of mining on the environment, to avoid placing parts of the dumps in the water protection zone of the river Terada, thus there is no need of land allocation to forests of the first group and reduced the amount of removed topsoil. During the reclamation, potentially fertile soils (loam) taken from the quarry were used. There will be no deterioration in the impact on land resources during the liquidation process, due to the short duration of the work and within the existing land allotment.

scholarly journals Improving soil properties and productivity of crop-pasture rotation in arid steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Yakhiya Kaipov ◽  
Rifkat Akchurin ◽  
Rustam Kirayev ◽  
Asiya Nizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Arid Steppe

Field experiments were conducted in the arid steppe zone of the Southern Urals, in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation. The soil is common chernozem. The precipitation during the growing season (May-September) is 166 mm. The experimental crop rotation consisted of 7 fields: 4 with perennial herbs (a mixture of Bromus inermis and Medicago varia), 3 with annual crops. The study analysed soil properties and carrying capacity in perennial grass rotation, conventional and reduced tillage. During the crop-pasture rotation, the humus content in the soil changes insignificantly depending on the tillage, being within 7.6-8.0 %. Perennial grasses loosened the soil, positively affecting moisture accumulation under crop rotation by the beginning of the pre-sowing period. The arable layer of common chernozem in the reduced tillage had a density of 1.05 g/cm3, less than 0.06 g/cm3 in conventional cultivation. Fertilizer application increased yields at 0.49-0.51 t/ha of feed units. Reduced tillage resulted in higher feed units by 0.06-0.08 tons per 1 ha. Crop-pasture rotation implementation and development ensures bioclimatically-determined yields of fodder crops and maintains soil fertility at an optimal level.

scholarly journals Modeling Changes in the Composition of River Water with Discharged Wastewater: A Case Study in NW Russia

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Malov ◽  
Evgeniya S. Sidkina ◽  
Mikhail V. Mironenko ◽  
Alexey S. Tyshov ◽  
Elena V. Cherkasova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Simplex Algorithm ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Discharge Zone ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Diamond Deposit ◽  
Further Development

The technogenic impact of the development of the Lomonosov diamond deposit is associated with the discharge of quarry and drainage water into the river, which has a special conservation status. Earlier studies on the composition of bottom sediments showed that there are signs of increased accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides at wastewater discharge sites. The purpose of this work was to predict changes in the composition of surface water and bottom sediment in the river during the further development of mining operations with brackish and salty water captured by drainage systems, the presence of which was established in the zone of their future influence. For this, a simulation of changes in the composition of the water in the river was carried out using the GEOCHEQ software package by minimizing the free energy of the system using a convex simplex algorithm. It was found that the maximum salinity of surface water can reach 1.51 g/L. In this case, the MPC of Cl−, Na+, SO42−, Mg2+, Sr, V, and U can be exceeded for fishery watercourses. The genetic basis of the accumulation of these components in solutions for mixing was considered. According to the calculations, when about 5000 m3/h of drainage water is discharge d into the river, the mass of precipitated chemical elements will be 56–191 t/h, including up to 2.1 t/h of iron; therefore, accumulation in the discharge zone must be controlled.

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