scholarly journals The problem of human transformation and the criteria of "good" and "evil" in meta-anthropology and transhumanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Natalia Terletska
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Human Transformation ◽  
Good And Evil

From the position of meta-anthropology, at the article are analyzed the values of being: the value of the archetypes of good, freedom, love, unity of freedom and love, as well as the value of such an existential as the meaning of human existence.The value of the sense of being is analized in a research from such points of view as: life not only for the sake of self-preservation and minimization of suffering, but also for the development, holistic harmonious realization by a humanity of such qualities that make a person capable not only for the consumering of the benefits of civilization, but also becoming a creator of culture, seeking for the harmony of spiritual, soul and physical needs, the ability to express empathy and to overcome the existential problems of despair and fear of death, remaining a human creator, maintaining traditional human values and existentials, such as love and freedom.The value of the archetypes of good, freedom, love and the criteria of good and evil are analyzed in the field of such existentially important concepts as free will and the human right for the traditional and sacred values.The study focuses on the important theme of the loss of criteria of good and evil, which, as a rule, is proposed by transhumanism, having a basis for this in the philosophy of the postmodern era, as well as the search for ways out of the existential, spiritual, soul and moral-ethical crisis in order to preserve the human values.The theoretical basis of the study was the work of philosophers of different periods, studies of psychologists and psychoanalysts, including contemporary, recent work of domestic researchers in meta-anthropology, as well as recent work of foreign representatives of transhumanism.There is made a conclusion that the preserving the existantials of the culture in human existence is impossible without maintaining the traditional criteria of good and evil in the context of sacred transcendental values.

scholarly journals A human being in meta-anthropology and transhumanism: the sense of human exsistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Natalia Terletska
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Points Of View

From the point of view of metaanthropology, the article analyzes the values of human being: the value of security, power, freedom, love, unity of freedom and love, as well as the value of such existentials as the sense & meaningfullness of human being & exsistance.The value of the sense of human being & exsistance is analized in a research from such points of view as: life not only for the sake of self-preservation and minimization of suffering, but also for the development, holistic harmonious realization by a humanity of such qualities that make a person capable not only for the consumering of the benefits of civilization, but also becoming a creator of culture, seeking the harmony of spiritual, soul and physical needs, the ability to express empathy and to overcome the existential problems of despair and fear of death, remaining a human creator, maintaining traditional human values and existentials, such as love and freedom.The value of the meaning of human life is analyzed in the realm of such existential concepts as free will and human right to have traditional values.The study focuses on the important theme of the loss of meaningful existentials, which, as a rule, is proposed by transhumanism, having a basis for this in the philosophy of the postmodern era, as well as the search for ways out of the existential, spiritual, soul and moral-ethical crisis in order to preserve the human values. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of philosophers of different periods, studies of psychologists and psychoanalysts, including contemporary, recent work of domestic researchers in meta-anthropology, as well as recent work of foreign representatives of transhumanism.There is made a conclusion that the unification of the values of freedom and love in a person’s life is impossible without preserving the traditional existentials of culture, in particular, such as spirituality, empathy, the capacity for compassion and feelings, which make sense of a human existence & being.

scholarly journals God and the Playpen: On the Feasibility of Morally Better Worlds

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Cheryl K. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Actual World ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
Moral Good ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
Horrendous Evil ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Free Will Defense ◽  
Better Than

According to the free will defense, God cannot create a world with free creatures, and hence a world with moral goodness, without allowing for the possibility of evil. David Lewis points out that any free will defense must address the “playpen problem”: why didn’t God allow creatures the freedom required for moral goodness, while intervening to ensure that all evil-doing is victimless? More recently, James Sterba has revived the playpen problem by arguing that an omnipotent and benevolent God would have intervened to prevent significant and especially horrendous evil. I argue that it is possible, at least, that such divine intervention would have backfired, and that any attempt to create a world that is morally better than this one would have resulted in a world that is morally worse. I conclude that the atheologian should instead attack the free will defense at its roots: either by denying that the predetermination of our actions is incompatible with our freely per-forming them, or by denying that the actual world—a world with both moral good and evil—is more valuable than a world without any freedom at all.

scholarly journals The Peculiarities of Iris Murdoch’s artistic method (based on her novel “The Black Prince”)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
N. Telegina ◽  
T. Butsyak
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Good And Evil

For the purpose of defining Iris Murdoch’s artistic method a complex investigation of the problems and style of her famous novel “The Black Prince” was made. Special attention was given to the philosophical problems of Good and Evil, Contingency and Necessity in human life, absurdity, choice, aloofness, to the philosophical aspect of the novel, which is revealed with the help of the flash-back technique. The problems raised in the novel, its sensitive main character absorbed in psychoanalysis and looking for the sense of existence, naturalistic details & the postscripts, revealing different subjective points of view on the same events, prove that the novel should be regarded as existentialist

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF FOLKLORE TRADITION IN SMALL PROSE BY SERGEY SILIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Юлия Олеговна Чернявская ◽  
Эльмира Самандаровна Мамедова
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Attitude To Death ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Urban Folklore ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Modern Russian

Введение. Малая проза С. Силина еще недостаточно изучена литературоведами, однако его произведения вызывают интерес среди читателей разных возрастов и могут быть отнесены к двухадресной литературе, т. е. литературе, адресованной как детям, так и взрослым. Анализ произведений писателя, использующего приемы садистских стишков, страшной истории и анекдота, способствует более глубокому осмыслению основных тенденций развития современной российской прозы для детей. Цель – выявить жанровое своеобразие малой прозы С. Силина в соотнесении с фольклорной традицией. Материал и методы. Теоретической базой исследования послужили труды фольклористов Е. М. Мелетинского, Е. Курганова, О. Н. Гречиной, М. В. Осориной и др. Материал исследования – рассказы С. Силина. Результаты и обсуждение. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить характерные особенности малой прозы С. Силина. Писатель использует приемы нескольких фольклорных жанров: легкое отношение персонажей к смерти, гротеск, парадокс, юмористическая концовка, мнимое благополучие финала. Дети и взрослые представлены носителями гипертрофированно усиленных отрицательных качеств. Малая проза писателя адресована как взрослым, так и юным читателям. Заключение. В своем творчестве С. Силин трансформирует жанры городского фольклора: страшных историй, садистских стишков, анекдотов, чтобы заострить проблемы «отцов» и «детей», дать возможность взрослым и детям увидеть друг друга со стороны. К характерным особенностям малой прозы писателя относятся: легкое отношение к смерти, отсутствие катарсиса, абсурдный финал, наделение персонажей гипертрофированными качествами (жестокость, недисциплинированность, непослушание и т. д.). Рассказы чаще всего имеют кольцевую композицию, свидетельствующую о том, что основной конфликт произведения остался неразрешенным. Важную роль играют заглавия: в них содержится основная проблема рассказа. Использование фольклорных жанров позволяет автору донести до своих читателей в привычной с детства игровой форме важные педагогические идеи, а также выявить социальные, общественные и семейные проблемы. Introduction. Sergey Silin’s small prose has not yet been sufficiently researched by literary critics, but it arouses interest among readers of different ages and can be attributed to dual addressed literature. The study of the writer using the techniques of sadistic poems, horror stories and jokes contributes to a deeper understanding of the main trends in modern Russian prose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the genre originality of small prose by Sergey Silin. Material and methods. Theoretical basis for the study were the works of folklorists E. M. Meletinsky, E. Kurganov, O. N. Grechina, M. V. Osorina and others. The research material is short stories and horror stories by S. Silin (“The Fatal Five”, “The Fatal Four”, “Don’t Drown Five Graders!”, “Sambo Lesson”). Result and discussion. The analysis revealed the characteristic features of Silin’s small prose. In his work the author transforms the techniques of urban folklore genres: scary stories, sadistic poems, jokes. Conclusion. S. Silin’s works are dually addressed: not only to children, but also to adults. In his works, the writer uses techniques typical of urban folklore genres – they reflect the cynical attitude to death which is characteristic of sadistic poems; the use of clericalism; the absence of a clear confrontation between good and evil; the division into «good» and «bad» characters; the catharsis is replaced by a humorous ending; the idea of retribution is replaced by a paradoxical ending which emphasizes the immutability of what is happening. The stories most often have a circular composition, indicating that the main conflict of the work remained unresolved.

HUMAN VALUES, FREE WILL, AND THE CONSCIOUS MIND

Zygon® ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Edgin Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Conscious Mind

scholarly journals Science And Religion (Paradigma Al-Qur‘an Untuk Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Menurut Pemikiran Kuntowijoyo)

Dialog ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
ANWAR MUDJAHIDIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Policy Sociology ◽  
Good And Evil

This paper aims at analyzing the epistemology of prophetic social science which had proposed by Kuntowijoyo. Sociology as a science cannot decide the direction in which society ought to go, and it makes no recomendations on matter of social policy. Sociology cannot itself deal with problems of good and evil, right and wrong, better and worse, or any others that concern human values. On the other hand religions without any knowledge of social phenomena will not be able to make any changes in the society. Prophetic social science will be able to respond to those dillemas by making the revelation (wahyu) as a source of knowledge. Social sciences do not only produce of statement about what is, but what of value. It can direct where the society ought to changes. According to prophetic social science changes must be directed to humanisation, liberation and trancendency.KATA KUNCI : Ilmu Sosial, al-Qur‘an, Epistemologi

scholarly journals The Vision of Islam

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
John E. Woods
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
State University ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Good And Evil

The Vision of Islam forms part of a series, entitled Visions of Reality,designed to focus on religions as worldviews. According to the statement of theeditorial board on the flyleaf, each religion studied in the series will be presentedin the context of its own inner dynamic or ethos using a methodologyappropriate to itself. Murata and Chittick have succeeded admirably in livingup to this commiunent by allowing Islam to speak through abundant quotationsfrom the Qur'an and the hadith.The outgrowth of an introductory course on Islam taught by the authors atthe State University of New York at Stony Brook for more than a decade, Visionis organized in an innovative manner. After a brief introduction to the Qur'an,its translations, and the life of the Prophet, the authors recount the "hadith ofGabriel" transmitted by both al-Buk:haf1 and Muslim on the authority of 'Umaribn al-Kha.t.tab. According to this repon, the Prophet was questioned by anunknown stranger about the significance of submission (islam), faith (iman),and doing what is beautiful (Ihsan ). After explaining these concepts, the Prophetthen identified this mysterious individual as the angel Gabriel, the being throughwhom God revealed the Qur'an. The remainder of the book is structured aroundthese three elements or dimensions, as the authors term them.Dealing first with the several senses of submission, acceptance, or commitment,Part I describes the essential practices of Islam: the five pillars. An oftenmisunderstood sixth pillar, jihad or struggle, is also discussed cogently. Theauthors then explain the historical articulation of these practices in the formationof the Sunni and Shi'i schools (madhahib), the Shari'ah, and Islamic jurisprudence.Here and elsewhere, variations among the schools are noted.Part II, dealing with imiin, accounts for more than two-thirds of the book,an indication of the relative weight the authors give this dimension. The threefundamental principles of faith-divine unity, prophecy, and eschatology-arethe major topics of this section. The nature of God's absolute unity and transcendenceis explored through a discussion of His signs, attributes, and acts (asmanifested in creation), and Islamic angelology. Here, the text is infused withthe metaphysics of illuminationist philosophy. Notions such as good and evil,human free will and determinism, are linked convincingly with the concepts ofdivine unity and the hierarchy of creation. This argument, in tum, leads logicallyto an account of the role of prophecy and humanity's acceptance of ...

scholarly journals The ontology of good and evil and the problem of freedom of choice christian philosophical reasoning of S. Kierkegaard

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
G. I. Savonova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Religious Person ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Good And Evil

The article reveals the peculiarity of S. Kierkegaard’s philosophical arguments about the essence of good and evil, the problems of ethical and psychological compression of human existence in transcendence «or-or». The ontology of good and evil is revealed by the philosopher in the problem of freedom as a given and unfreedom as a limitation, when good as God resides in freedom. God does not know unfreedom precisely for his freedom is unrecognized, and this is the greatest punishment for evil. It is noted that a Christian who is an ethical person finds himself in a situation of choice between good and evil, and the hovering of the process of choice in time leads to a choice in unfreedom, which is already sin and evil. The emphasis is placed on the concept of “sin” in the Christian definition of it by S. Kierkegaard, as well as on the problem of «blocking» the choice by fears. The article establishes the connection between sin and fear in the problem of faith and human action. The analysis of differentiation of fear as fear to be oneself and fear not to be oneself is carried out. Fear in philosophy S. Kierkegaard is defined as the psychological problem of choice and the metaphysical essence of evil that experiences fear of good. Evil is afraid of good because it defines it as something that encroaches on the essence of evil – unfreedom. People are afraid of their knowledge of lack of freedom and loss of faith. The question of Christian faith in the metaphysics of freedom of choice is a means of salvation from the demonicness of non-freedom, according to the philosophy of S. Kierkegaard. The loss of faith at any stage of life leads a person to despair. There are two types of despair in the philosophy of S. Kierkegaard: despair to be I and despair not to be I. The article focuses on the problem of sin. The problem of defining sin reveals the meaning of despondency as the beginning of any sin. Discouragement is bound to the darkness of evil, the place of permanent stay restless demoni and eternal falling into the abyss. A disappointed person does not have a point of support for the “leap of faith”, so she seeks comfort in the realization of her desires and the injection of fear. That is why the “leap of faith” from the ethical to the religious person is considered in the article as a way out of the choice between good and evil. The article also provides a brief comparative review of the philosophical arguments Of S. Kierkegaard and existentialist philosophers.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: How Political Identity Shapes Customer Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224292110575
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes ◽  
Nailya Ordabayeva ◽  
Kyuhong Han ◽  
Jihye Jung ◽  
Vikas Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Consumption Experience

This article examines the effect of political identity on customers’ satisfaction with the products and services they consume. Recent work suggests that conservatives are less likely to complain than liberals. Building on that work, the present research examines how political identity shapes customer satisfaction which has broad implications for customers and firms. Nine studies combine different methodologies, primary and secondary data, real and hypothetical behavior, different product categories, and diverse participant populations to show that conservatives (vs. liberals) are more satisfied with the products and services they consume. This happens because conservatives (vs. liberals) are more likely to believe in free will (i.e., that people have agency over their decisions) and therefore to trust their decisions. We document the broad and tangible downstream consequences of this effect for customers’ repurchase and recommendation intentions and firms’ sales. The association of political identity and customer satisfaction is attenuated when belief in free will is externally weakened, choice is limited, or the consumption experience is overwhelmingly positive.

scholarly journals Sociality and Magical Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good And Evil

On a certain reading, the respective theories of Freud and Nietzsche might be described as exploring the suffered relational histories of the subject, who is driven by need; these histories might also be understood as histories of language. This suggests a view of language as a complicated mode of identifying-with, which obliges linguistic subjects to identify the non-identical, but also enables them to simultaneously identify with each other in the psychoanalytic sense. This ambivalent space of psychoanalytic identification would be conditioned by relational histories. On one hand, this might lead to conformity within a system of language as a shared, obligatory compromise formation that would defend against the non-identical; magical language, typified in Freud’s critique of animism and in Nietzsche’s critique of “free will” guided by absolute normative signifiers (“Good” and “Evil”), would be symptomatic of this sort of defense. On the other hand, given other relational histories, it may produce the possibility for more transitional modes of identification, and thereby modes of language that can bear its suffered histories, and lead to proliferation of singular compromise formations. It is suggested that while the former is historically dominant, Nietzsche and various psychoanalytic thinkers contribute to conceiving of the possibility of working ourselves towards the latter.

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