scholarly journals ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИОАКУСТИЧЕСКОГО ОТПУГИВАТЕЛЯ ПТИЦ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬЮ ПТИЦ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПОЛИГОНА ТВЕРДЫХ БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ ГОРОДА БАРНАУЛА

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
V. V. Shcherbinin ◽  
E. V. Ponkina ◽  
P. N. Ulanov ◽  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Black Vulture ◽  
The Impact

<p>The complex of measures on safety, considerable importance is the monitoring system and integrated the fight to reduce the number of air flight hazard species of birds (rooks, crows, magpies, hawks, etc.). Experience has shown that even periodic shooting does not give the desired effect, ie. A. The bird population is very mobile and able to move quickly scattered and maneuvering that practically negates all efforts for their physical elimination.  The use of poisoned baits is prohibited and is ineffective, t. To. Various species of birds have different food preferences. Our research is devoted to finding a solution to this problem. As the main operational measures for scaring birds we offer the use of bio-acoustic instrument with a sound recording, effectively acting on air flight hazard species of birds, including corvids and Black Kite, which are not optional in many similar devices. Application of bioacoustics devices does not require an additional set of fireworks scare, but also an integral character of the device significantly increases the efficiency of the impact on birds and allows for a few minutes to eliminate concentrations of birds in large areas.</p><p>The study analyzed information on aircraft collisions with birds, considered the scheme of air traffic, as well as the general plan for the landfill site, the Civil Aviation documents ornithological flight operations, carried out the operational test site survey. OAO Ekokompleks operates only in Barnaul licensed landfills for disposal of solid waste, located at the address: Barnaul, Cosmonavtov Prospekt, 74. The total area of the polygon - 328,679.7 square meters, the amount of dumping per year - 1800 thousand cubic meters Coordinates: 53 ° 23'24 "N, 83 ° 37'54" E.</p><p>Availability of the current municipal landfill waste at a distance of 6.3 km from the aerodrome reference point Barnaul, in violation of the requirements of Claim 59 of the Federal Rules of use of air space of the Russian Federation of 11.03.2010 number 138. The conditions of surrounding environment determine the composition and behavior of birds, attending a training ground and pose a potential hazard to aircraft operations. On landfill dumping is carried out various types of waste, including food, are used by some species of birds as food. According to a preliminary survey, the main species of birds that use the landfill as a forage habitat - black kite, corvids - gray, crow, rook, jackdaw and gulls - silver and black-headed gull. Based on many years of observations and data analysis of the circumstances and consequences of collisions of Russian aircraft with birds stand air flight hazard species of birds, creating the greatest threat to flight safety. To the list of air flight hazard species include the black vulture, hooded crow, rook, magpie, jackdaw.</p>

Impact of disturbed ionospheric conditions in EGNOS performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Magdaleno ◽  
Joanna Rupiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Integrity Risk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) is the Europe's regional satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS). It provides an augmentation service to the Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 Coarse/ Acquisition (C/A) civilian signal by providing corrections and integrity information for GPS space vehicles (ephemeris, clock errors) and information to estimate the ionosphere delays affecting the user. This information provided by EGNOS improves the accuracy and reliability of GNSS positioning information while also providing a crucial integrity message. This is especially relevant for civil aviation community, which, thanks to this improvement, can perform precision approaches (APV-I and LPV200) using GNSS, with a clear optimisation of the cost of the infrastructure with no impact in the safety of the operations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the most important figures for EGNOS is the availability of the system, which is characterized by the proportion of time during which reliable navigation information is presented to the crew, autopilot, or other system managing the flight of the aircraft. (ICAO SARPS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ESSP, as EGNOS Service Provider, monitors the daily availability for these flight operations (APV-I, LPV200), considering the system available when operational requirements defined in ICAO SARPS are met. In this case, EGNOS is considered available when the Protection Levels, an upper bound of the aircraft position error with the specified integrity risk, are lower than the Alarm limits defined by ICAO for these operations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the main degradation sources in the EGNOS availability (and others SBAS) is the ionosphere, especially under disturbance conditions (e.g. geomagnetic storms, scintillation &amp;#8230;) (Pintor et al., 2015; Haddad, 2016).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the frame of the H2020 project - TechTIDE, the impact of disturbed ionospheric conditions in the EGNOS availability has been analysed. TechTIDE project is generating a warning system which will provide Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID) information and some ionospheric activity indicators. These products would be used for the definition of mitigation strategies in some operational systems (EGNOS, N-RTK and HF communications).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of TechTIDE project, ESSP has assessed the impact of disturbed ionospheric conditions in EGNOS availability and defined a relationship with an ionospheric activity indicator provided by TechTIDE warning system. This paper presents the outcomes of this assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Haddad, F. (2016). Latest SBAS Performances under Severe and Equatorial Ionosphere Conditions, ICAO Workshop, August, 15-17, 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pintor, P., Roldan, R., Gomez, J., de la Casa, C., Fidalgo, R. M. (2015). The impact of the high ionospheric activity in the EGNOS performance, Coordinates, March 2015.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Loss to Aviation Economy Due to Winter Fog in New Delhi during the Winter of 2011–2016

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Kulkarni ◽  
Rajendra K. Jenamani ◽  
Prakash Pithani ◽  
Mahen Konwar ◽  
Narendra Nigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Dense Fog ◽  
The Impact

Stable and clear atmospheric conditions, lower surface temperatures, an ample moisture supply, and a strong low-level inversion persisting for most of the night usually facilitates the formation of dense fog during winter in Delhi. This severely hinders the flight operations at India’s busiest airport, the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport, where more than 900 flight operations occur per day and an interruption can cause significant financial losses to the aviation industry. It is important to undertake a quantitative study of the estimated losses. This study, undertaken for the first time in India, aimed to evaluate the impact of dense fog at IGI Airport on economic losses which occurred during the winter season between 2011 and 2016. The breakdown of charges for different segments of flight operations for the domestic and international sectors was obtained from India’s Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Center for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) India. A total of 653 h of dense fog between 2011 and 2016 at IGI Airport caused economic losses of approximately 3.9 million USD (248 million Indian rupees) to the airlines. The analysis further found that from 2014–2015 onwards, there has been a reduction in the number of flight delays, diversions, and cancellations by approximately 88%, 55%, and 36%, respectively, due to the strict implementation of guidelines to facilitate the Category (CAT)-III landing for aircraft during dense fog.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID -19 on Pilot Proficiency – A Risk Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-013
Author(s):  
Rajee Olaganathan ◽  
Roli Angelo H Amihan
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Pilot proficiency is essential in the aviation industry to maintain a safety record for successfully operating airlines. The current COVID-19 scenario has made it practically difficult for pilots to achieve the federal requirements stated in Title 14 CFR 121.439 (a) and 14 CFR 61.57 (a) (1). It has placed a burden on pilots to maintain their currency and proficiency related to cost and lack of aircraft access due to furloughs and lay-offs. The purpose of the first part of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on global air traffic based on the data collected from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). The second part of this research study aims to assess the pilot’s proficiency before and after COVID-19 was officially declared as pandemic to identify any threats to aviation safety based on the incident reports submitted in the Aviation Safety Reporting System. The findings show that the highest reduction in flight operations was observed during May 2020 with -70.67 % compared with May 2019 at the global level. Middle East region witnessed a -57.35 % reduction in flight operations. Based on the number of flights operated in the year 2020, the Asia-Pacific region was the most affected region with 4,913,303 fewer flights than in the year 2019. For the U.S. domestic air traffic, a severe impact occurred in May 2020 with a -70.88 % reduction and 532,834 fewer flights than in May 2019 which was similar to the global air traffic trend. The number of incident reports filed by pilots regarding proficiency-related to COVID-19 issues in the ASRS data analysis increased by 1000% during this pandemic period. The results and recommendations of this research study will provide valuable information to the aviation industry that can aid in developing mitigation measures to decrease future aviation accidents related to pilot proficiency.

scholarly journals Deterministic approach for multiple-source tsunami hazard assessment for Sines, Portugal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wronna ◽  
R. Omira ◽  
M. A. Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this paper, we present a deterministic approach to tsunami hazard assessment for the city and harbour of Sines, Portugal, one of the test sites of project ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe). Sines has one of the most important deep-water ports, which has oil-bearing, petrochemical, liquid-bulk, coal, and container terminals. The port and its industrial infrastructures face the ocean southwest towards the main seismogenic sources. This work considers two different seismic zones: the Southwest Iberian Margin and the Gloria Fault. Within these two regions, we selected a total of six scenarios to assess the tsunami impact at the test site. The tsunami simulations are computed using NSWING, a Non-linear Shallow Water model wIth Nested Grids. In this study, the static effect of tides is analysed for three different tidal stages: MLLW (mean lower low water), MSL (mean sea level), and MHHW (mean higher high water). For each scenario, the tsunami hazard is described by maximum values of wave height, flow depth, drawback, maximum inundation area and run-up. Synthetic waveforms are computed at virtual tide gauges at specific locations outside and inside the harbour. The final results describe the impact at the Sines test site considering the single scenarios at mean sea level, the aggregate scenario, and the influence of the tide on the aggregate scenario. The results confirm the composite source of Horseshoe and Marques de Pombal faults as the worst-case scenario, with wave heights of over 10 m, which reach the coast approximately 22 min after the rupture. It dominates the aggregate scenario by about 60 % of the impact area at the test site, considering maximum wave height and maximum flow depth. The HSMPF scenario inundates a total area of 3.5 km2.

scholarly journals Beavers, Bugs and Chemistry: A Mammalian Herbivore Changes Chemistry Composition and Arthropod Communities in Foundation Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Durben ◽  
Faith M. Walker ◽  
Liza Holeski ◽  
Arthur R. Keith ◽  
Zsuzsi Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
The Impact

The North American beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl) and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) are foundation species, the interactions of which define a much larger community and affect a threatened riparian habitat type. Few studies have tested the effect of these interactions on plant chemistry and a diverse arthropod community. We experimentally examined the impact of beaver foraging on riparian communities by first investigating beaver food preferences for one cottonwood species, Fremont cottonwood (P. fremontii S. Watson), compared to other locally available woody species. We next examined the impact of beaver foraging on twig chemistry and arthropod communities in paired samples of felled and unfelled cottonwood species in northern Arizona (P. fremontii) and southwestern Colorado (narrowleaf cottonwood, P. angustifolia James, and Eastern cottonwood, P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall). Four major patterns emerged: (1) In a cafeteria experiment, beavers chose P. fremontii six times more often than other woody native and exotic species. (2) With two cottonwood species, we found that the nitrogen and salicortin concentrations were up to 45% greater and lignin concentration 14% lower in the juvenile resprout growth of felled trees than the juvenile growth on unfelled trees (six of seven analyses were significant for P. fremontii and four of six were significant for P. angustifolia). (3) With two cottonwood species, arthropod community composition on juvenile branches differed significantly between felled and unfelled trees, with up to 38% greater species richness, 114% greater relative abundance and 1282% greater species diversity on felled trees (six of seven analyses with P. fremontii and four of six analyses with P. angustifolia were significant). The above findings indicate that the highest arthropod diversity is achieved in the heterogenous stands of mixed felled and unfelled trees than in stands of cottonwoods, where beavers are not present. These results also indicate that beaver herbivory changes the chemical composition in 10 out of 13 chemical traits in the juvenile growth of two of the three cottonwood species to potentially allow better defense against future beaver herbivory. (4) With P. deltoides, only one of five analyses in chemistry was significant, and none of the four arthropod community analyses were significant, suggesting that this species and its arthropod community responds differently to beaver. Potential reasons for these differences are unknown. Overall, our findings suggest that in addition to their impact on riparian vegetation, other mammals, birds, and aquatic organisms, beavers also may define the arthropod communities of two of three foundation tree species in these riparian ecosystems.

scholarly journals Evaluating Cultural Impact in Discursive Space through Digital Footprints

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús López Baeza ◽  
Jens Bley ◽  
Kay Hartkopf ◽  
Martin Niggemann ◽  
James Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Topic Identification ◽  
Small Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The research presented in this paper describes an evaluation of the impact of spatial interventions in public spaces, measured by social media data. This contribution aims at observing the way a spatial intervention in an urban location can affect what people talk about on social media. The test site for our research is Domplatz in the center of Hamburg, Germany. In recent years, several actions have taken place there, intending to attract social activity and spotlight the square as a landmark of cultural discourse in the city of Hamburg. To evaluate the impact of this strategy, textual data from the social networks Twitter and Instagram (i.e., tweets and image captions) are collected and analyzed using Natural Language Processing intelligence. These analyses identify and track the cultural topic or “people talking about culture” in the city of Hamburg. We observe the evolution of the cultural topic, and its potential correspondence in levels of activity, with certain intervention actions carried out in Domplatz. Two analytic methods of topic clustering and tracking are tested. The results show a successful topic identification and tracking with both methods, the second one being more accurate. This means that it is possible to isolate and observe the evolution of the city’s cultural discourse using NLP. However, it is shown that the effects of spatial interventions in our small test square have a limited local scale, rather than a city-wide relevance.

scholarly journals A six-week healthy eating intervention with family engagement improves food knowledge and preferences but not dietary diversity among urban preschool children in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Fathima Sirasa ◽  
Lana Mitchell ◽  
Aslan Azhar ◽  
Anoma Chandrasekara ◽  
Neil Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention (MCI) on children’s dietary diversity and its impact pathway components of children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences. Design: A six-week cluster randomised controlled trial with a MCI consisting of child nutrition education plus family engagement, through parental nutrition education, meal preparation and tasting was compared with two groups: single component intervention (SCI) of child nutrition education, and control, conducted during February to July 2018. Preschool centres were randomly assigned to one of the three arms. Children’s food knowledge, healthy food preferences and dietary diversity scores were collected. Intervention effects were analysed using a pre-post analysis and a difference-in-difference model. Setting: Fourteen preschool centres in an urban area of Kurunegala, Sri Lanka Participants: Child-parent dyads of children aged 4-6 years. Final analyses included 306 (for food knowledge and preferences) and 258 (for dietary diversity) dyads. Results: MCI significantly influenced the impact pathways to children’s dietary diversity by increasing children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences scores by 3.76 and 2.79 (P<0.001) respectively, but not the dietary diversity score (P=0.603), compared to control arm. Relative to SCI, MCI significantly improved children’s food knowledge score by 1.10 (P<0.001), but no significant effects were noted for other outcome variables. Conclusion: Improved food knowledge and preferences require a positive food environment and time to develop into healthy eating behaviours. Research into dietary diversity should broaden to incorporate the contextual roles of the home and general food environments to more completely understand food choices of children.

Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the pollutant gas produced by hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the quantity of fuel burned from commercial aircraft at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycles in 2017. Design/methodology/approach The flight data recorded by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority and the aircraft engine emission data from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for calculation. The aircraft and engine types used by the airlines for flight at Ordu-Giresun International Airport were determined. To evaluate the effect of taxi time on emission amounts, analysis and evaluations were made by taking different taxi times into consideration. Findings As a result of the emission analysis, the amount of fuel consumed by the aircraft were calculated as 6,551.52 t/y, and the emission amounts for CO, HC and NOx were estimated as 66.81, 4.20 and 79.97 t/y, respectively. Practical implications This study is aimed to reveal the effect and contribution of taxi time on the emitted emission at the airport during the LTO phase of the aircraft. Originality/value This study helps aviation authorities explain the importance of developing procedures that ensure the delivery of aircraft to flights in minimum time by raising awareness of the impact of taxi time on emitted emissions, and contributes to the determination of an aircraft emission inventory at Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

The Specific Characteristics of Shock and Blast Impacts on Construction Sites

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
A.A. Komarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Equivalent Static Loads ◽  
Plane Crash ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
The Impact

The practices of hazardous and unique facilities’ construction imply that specific attention is paid to the issues of safety. Threats associated with crash impacts caused by moving cars or planes are considered. To ensure safety of these construction sites it is required to know the potential dynamic loads and their destructive capacity. This article considers the methodology of reducing dynamic loads associated with impacts caused by moving collapsing solids and blast loads to equivalent static loads. It is demonstrated that practically used methods of reduction of dynamic loads to static loads are based in schematization only of the positive phase of a dynamic load in a triangle forms are not always correct and true. The historical roots of this approach which is not correct nowadays are shown; such approach considered a detonation explosion as a source of dynamic load, including TNT and even a nuclear weapon. Application of the existing practices of reduction of dynamic load to static load for accidental explosions in the atmosphere that occur in deflagration mode with a significant vacuumization phase may cause crucial distortion of predicted loads for the construction sites. This circumstance may become a matter of specific importance at calculations of potential hazard of impacts and explosions in unique units — for instance, in the nuclear plants. The article considers a situation with a plane crash, the building structure load parameters generated at the impact caused by a plane impact and the following deflagration explosion of fuel vapors are determined.

The impact of high-speed rail on civil aviation in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchang Li ◽  
Jack Strauss ◽  
Liu Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
The Impact
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