scholarly journals Effects of air temperature, humidity and air pollution on fertility of birch pollen in urban environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
O. V. Bychkova ◽  
L. P. Khlebova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Sterile Pollen

We studied effects of environmental factors on pollen fertility of Betula pendula Roth.) in 15 sites of the city of Barnaul (Russia, Altai Territory), differing in traffic intensity. We found that low temperature was more stressful for the development of birch pollen compared to high one. When the temperature drops below +8°C, the amount of sterile pollen in all locations significantly increased regardless of the anthropogenic load, on average exceeding 8%. With an increase in temperature of more than +10 °C, the proportion of sterile pollen also increased, but the jump was not as sharp as in cold weather. The optimum temperature for the formation of fertile pollen grains was in the range of 8–10 °С. The optimal humidity for the development of fertile pollen of B. pendula was 40–45%. The increase in air dryness led to a significant decrease in the quality of pollen grains, the proportion of sterile ones exceeded 8%. According to the transmission coefficient (Keff = 0.1514), the dominant factor in the development of sterile pollen grains of birch was the level of air pollution (concentration of carbon monoxide). Air temperature (Keff = 0.1427) and humidity (Keff = 0.1427) affected equally the quality of pollen. The proposed model makes it possible to predict the level of sterile birch pollen in the conditions of Barnaul depending on the weather conditions of vegetation and on the level of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Robust Environmental Sensing Using UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Boubrima ◽  
Edward W. Knightly
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Compound Pollution ◽  
Planning Algorithm

In this article, we first investigate the quality of aerial air pollution measurements and characterize the main error sources of drone-mounted gas sensors. To that end, we build ASTRO+, an aerial-ground pollution monitoring platform, and use it to collect a comprehensive dataset of both aerial and reference air pollution measurements. We show that the dynamic airflow caused by drones affects temperature and humidity levels of the ambient air, which then affect the measurement quality of gas sensors. Then, in the second part of this article, we leverage the effects of weather conditions on pollution measurements’ quality in order to design an unmanned aerial vehicle mission planning algorithm that adapts the trajectory of the drones while taking into account the quality of aerial measurements. We evaluate our mission planning approach based on a Volatile Organic Compound pollution dataset and show a high-performance improvement that is maintained even when pollution dynamics are high.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Harvesting Quality of Redcurrant with a Trailed Combine

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Grażyna Szmajda ◽  
Tomasz Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Moisture Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Rain Fall

AbstractField tests on the quality of shaking off redcurrant fruit Rosetta cultivar with a half-row trailer harvester “Marek” produced by Dom-Wid were carried out. The tests were performed at two average working speeds ῡ1 = 0.47 m·s−1; ῡ2 = 0.60 m·s−1 and two rotational speeds of a tractor n1 = 1500 rpm; n2 = 1900 rpm. The length and diameter of shoots of redcurrant, length of a bunch, number of fruits in a bunch and mass of fruit were measured. Weather conditions were presented: rain fall, air temperature and moisture. Analysis of results showed that the working speed and the rotational speed has a significant impact on the quality and amount of the yield. At the highest rotations, the harvesting quality of fruit by a harvester was the worst and was 77.15%.

scholarly journals The influence of weather conditions on the course of pollen seasons of alder (Alnus spp.), hazel (Corylus spp.) and birch (Betula spp.) in Lublin (2001-2006)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Pollen Seasons

The start and rate of florescence of <i>Alnus</i>, <i>Corylus</i> and <i>Betula</i> are dependent on meteorological conditions. In the present paper we have analysed the effect of mean, maximum and minimum temperature, relative air humidity and precipitation on the onset of the pollen season as well as on its length and annual count of pollen grains in alder, hazel and birch. The measurement of pollen fall was done by the gravimetric methods with the use of Durham sampler. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the determined characteristics of the pollen season and weather conditions. In the six-year research period 2001-2006 it was observed that low temperatures in January produced a delayed start of the pollen season in alder, hazel and birch. The beginning of flowering in these taxa was also influenced by thermal conditions prevailing directly before the season (ca. 10 days). The pollen season of the trees in question tended to be prolonged alongside with the increase in relative air humidity, but it was shortened due to higher temperatures. The volume of alder and hazel pollen release increased together with the rise in relative air humidity and precipitation. The annual counts of birch pollen increased along with rising temperature and decreasing relative air humidity and precipitation in the season.

scholarly journals Relationships between Vertical Temperature Gradients and PM10 Concentrations during Selected Weather Conditions in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ewa Bożena Łupikasza ◽  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland

This paper studies surface air temperature inversions and their impact on air pollution under the background of meteorological conditions in southern Poland. The relationship of temperature gradients and air quality classes with weather conditions in the most urbanized and polluted part of Poland as represented by the Upper Silesia region (USR) within the administrative boundaries of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis (GZM) is presented. Based on probability analysis this study hierarchized the role of the selected weather elements in the development of surface-based temperature inversion (SBI) and air quality (AQ). The thresholds of weather elements for a rapid increase in the probability of oppressive air pollution episodes were distinguished. Although most SBI occurred in summer winter SBIs were of great importance. In that season a bad air quality occurred during >70% of strong inversions and >50% of moderate inversions. Air temperature more strongly triggered AQ than SBI development. Wind speed was critical for SBI and significant for AQ development. A low cloudiness favored SBI occurrence altered air quality in winter and spring during SBI and favored very bad AQ5 (>180 µg/m3) occurrence. The probability of high air pollution enhanced by SBI rapidly increased in winter when the air temperature dropped below −6 °C the wind speed decreased below 1.5 m/s and the sky was cloudless. Changes in the relative humidity did not induce rapid changes in the occurrence of bad AQ events during SBI

scholarly journals Application of Statistical and Econometric Tools in The Analysis of Air Pollution Level on The Example of Czestochowa

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Marcin Zawada ◽  
Marek Szajt
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Harmful Substances

Abstract One of the key elements of environmental protection is taking care of air quality. This is a difficult task as the quality of air is influenced by numerous factors connected with man’s activity. Usually more developed economies have a stronger influence on the environment, including the level of pollution, and at the same time they have at their disposal a number of tools that make it possible to stop the emission of harmful substances. An important aspect in the struggle with air pollution in a given area is the constant monitoring of its quality. The aim of the article is the statistical and econometric analysis of the basic parameters of air pollution in Czestochowa in 2012–2017. This objective was achieved by calculating the basic descriptive statistics of the distinguished types of pollutants, determining the correlation between them, and building models of fluctuations in time for each of them based on the data observed and corrected (standardized) relative to air temperature. Based on the obtained models – assessing their prognostic properties – the prediction of the level of the selected types of pollutants was made.

The influence of urban environment on pollen grains of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in conditions of Yakutsk

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Viktoria Yurievna Soldatova ◽  
Algystaana Petrovna Samsonova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
The City

This paper studies variability of pollen grains of the silver birch in relation to the quality of urban environment. The material was collected in 12 sites. A total of 1,190 leaves and 24,000 pollen grains were examined and measured. The pollen fertility varied within 69-92%. Statistically significant decrease in fertility was observed in conditions of high-intensity traffic load, in the central area of the city, and where the road surface was in poor condition. Under the same conditions a statistically significant increase in percentage of relatively fertile pollen grains is observed. We found significant correlation between the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and the share of fertile and half-fertile pollen grains. For fertility Spearmans rho was -0,71; and for half-fertility, r = 0,66, p 0,05. A similarly significant correlation (r = -0,7, p 0,05) was found between the diameter of pollen grains and traffic load, which indicates a consistent organism response to environment deterioration. From the above, it follows that for assessment of environmental condition such characteristics of pollen grains as fertility, half-fertility, and pollen grain size can be used.

scholarly journals Sporoderm infrastructural and cytochemical modifications in cytoplasmic male sterile broad-bean (Vicia faba L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Audran ◽  
Jacky Bouillot
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

A comparative study of mature sporoderms of sterile and fertile pollen grains was performed using electron microscopic techniques. In sterile pollen grains, intine is lacking; ectexine sculpture is reduced and tectum is overlaid by membranous systems. Infratectal texture is compact and a sporopollenin granulous mass is obturing the aperture central region. Endexine reacts with proteins and acidic carbohydrates tests.

scholarly journals Flowering and quality of seeds and pollen in endangered populations of Betula humilis

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bona ◽  
Stanisław Kłosowski ◽  
Katarzyna A. Jadwiszczak ◽  
Galya Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Betula Humilis ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Key message Lowered pollen and seed quality of B. humilis compared to its widespread tree relatives may threaten its populations at the southwestern edge of the species range. Abstract Inability to produce vital propagules is the main threat to the persistence of rare plants at the edges of species distribution. In the present investigation, factors responsible for the low germinability of shrub birch (Betula humilis) seeds in the peripheral populations were analysed. As shrub birch populations are found in phosphorus (P)-limited peatlands with high groundwater levels, the impact of groundwater PO43− ion contents and groundwater table for B. humilis flowering was also studied. Qualities of the B. humilis seeds and pollen were compared to those of tree congeners silver birch (B. pendula) and downy birch (B. pubescens), which usually represent a high reproductive performance. We revealed that the poor germination ability of B. humilis seeds was caused by the high proportions of empty seeds (44.8%) and seeds with partially developed embryos (47.3%). The insufficient numbers of viable seeds may be a consequence of low-quality shrub birch pollen, as only 1.6% of pollen grains sprouted. The germinability of shrub birch pollen was significantly lower than that of Betula tree pollen; thus, there is a risk of pollination of B. humilis female flowers by pollen grains of tree birches. Positive relationships between the P concentrations in seeds and seed germinability were revealed in tree birches, but not in B. humilis. The availability of PO43− ions in the groundwater did not affect B. humilis flowering, but male inflorescences were more numerous in stands with higher groundwater levels. Consequently, the maintenance of peatlands is crucial for the efficient sexual reproduction of shrub birches.

Comparative analyses of experimental and simulated performance of a mixed-mode solar dryer

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1402
Author(s):  
S Abubakar ◽  
FO Anafi ◽  
MU Kaisan ◽  
S Narayan ◽  
S Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Simulated Performance ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Quality Of Fit

Agricultural produce upon harvesting have high moisture content which makes it unsafe for storage as the moisture in the crops attracts microorganisms which result in deterioration of the products. A solar dryer was developed, simulated and tested under the weather conditions of Zaria, Nigeria. TRANSYS 16.0 software was used to simulate the collectors’ outlet air temperature. A MATLAB code was written to compute the weight losses of yam slices present in a drying chamber. The computed Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency values and its corresponding root means square errors between the modelled collector air temperature, and the experimental collector air temperatures confirm the validity of TRANSYS 16 model owing to the good quality of fit between the experimental and the simulated results. Similarly, the computed Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency values and its corresponding root means square errors between the modelled weight loss of yam slices, and the observed weight loss of yam slices follows the same trend.

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