The use of agricultural waste for the renewable energy production

In addition to hydroelectric power plants, solar and wind power plants, biogas plants are important in the production of electricity and heat from renewable energy sources. It is known that depending on the type of substrate used for processing and the design features of biogas plants, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, properly localized biomass installation is able to decrease the use of conventional materials reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Bio-waste, plant residues and other by-products can be used to produce electricity, heat and purified methane as fuel for repaired vehicles. Biogas production is a key technology for the sustainable use of agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source. Both, Poland and Ukraine, have a large agricultural area, and well developed animal cattery, which creates opportunities for alternative energy sources from biomass development. Agricultural biogas plant energy produced from waste such manure, slurry and another agricultural waste, is an excellent source of heat, likewise, electricity. Therefore the importance of using agricultural waste as an energy source in the production of biogas shall be emphasized. A significant drawback of the system is the need to provide low economic and environmental losses. For this purpose, the place of biomass harvesting, transport and its preparation together with storage should be taken into account. To achieve the highest efficiency, small biogas plants should have permanent composition of substrate consisting of various ingredients. Ukraine and Poland has considerable potential of renewable energy sources development of which can provide significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. The production of biogas has become an attractive source of extra income for many farmers. Biogas production has a useful effect not only on economic, but ecological development, particularly in the rural regions. At the same time, environmental protection aspects have gained additional importance, so that anaerobic treatment processes have become a key technology for environmental and climate protection. On the basis of the submitted documentation by the municipal administration and the manufacturer, the operation of biogas plants for the processing of organic agricultural waste in Gorajec and Odrzechowa (Poland) has been presented.

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Possibilities of Biogas Production from Livestock Waste in Latvia

10.22616/esrd.2021.55.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janis Millers ◽

◽

Irina Pilvere ◽

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Forest Protection ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Livestock Farms

With the adoption of the Green Deal in the European Union (EU), the role of biodiversity, basic principles of the circular economy, climate change mitigation, forest protection and renewable energy increased. Since 2007, biogas production in Latvia has increased significantly, as it was possible to receive co-funding from the EU Funds for the construction of biogas plants. In 2021, inputs of agricultural origin are used by 40 biogas plants with an average installed capacity of 1 MW. The emergence of biogas plants on livestock farms is facilitated by the development of a circular economy producing waste from the production process – manure and feed waste. Anaerobic fermentation results in digestate – a nutrient-rich plant fertilizer that reduces the application of chemical fertilizers. Rational use of biogas can reduce the need for fossil fuels. Energy production from biogas should be encouraged, as waste is used efficiently, thereby generating energy and reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In Latvia, livestock production is one of the key industries of the national economy, which produces manure and feed waste. The present research calculated the amounts of cattle, pig and poultry manure and feed waste in Latvia. The research analysed livestock farms by number of cattle, pigs and poultry, the potential amounts of manure and waste produced and theoretical biogas output. Theoretically, 309 farms analysed can produce 93.5 mln. m3 of biogas from agricultural waste and construct 269 new biogas plants. A policy for supporting the construction of new biogas plants would contribute to the country’s independence from fossil energy sources, as well as increase the proportion of renewable energy sources to 50-70 % in final energy consumption by 2030. Farmers on whose farms a biogas plant could be built need to carefully consider the uses of the biogas produced. The uses could be thermal energy generation for heat supply, cogeneration (thermal and electrical energy) or biomethane production.

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Treatment of Biogas for Use as Energy

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/1173 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J. Koller

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Agriculture Industry ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Near Future

The biogas generated in biogas plants offers significant potential for the production of energy from renewable energy sources. The number biogas plants in the Czech Republic is expected to exceed one hundred in the near future. Substrates from agriculture, industry and municipal wastes are used for biogas production. Biogas plants usually use co-generation units to generate electricity and heat. Increased effectiveness can be achieved by using heat as a source of energy for producing renewable natural gas.

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Approaches to estimation of energy potential of renewable energy sources in the territory of Russia

Power and Autonomous equipment ◽

10.32464/2618-8716-2018-1-1-15-27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. V. Dunichkin ◽

A. S. Kovaleva ◽

Yu. A. Tashlykova

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Renewable Energy Technologies ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Territorial Planning

The article is devoted to the definition of peculiarities and evaluation of the energy potential of renewable energy sources (RES) in the territory of Russia, as well as the application of this information as additional initial data in the territorial planning. This formulation of the research allows us to achieve the gradual introduction in the design practice of the use of RES for the development of settlements and industrial facilities. The article considers existing power plants of renewable energy sources, of which small hydroelectric power plants are both the first and at the same time promising in hydropower engineering. In addition, the publication presents a variety of experience in the use of equipment for generating energy based on renewable sources, as well as provides analytical data on the prospects for growth in world energy production. It should be noted that the greatest increase in world production is expected from technologies that receive energy based on the action of the sun. Among RES, wind power is on the second place, which was reflected in the further analysis, consideration of the issues of integration of renewable energy technologies in town-planning practice and the results of the research.Subject matter: the subject of the study is the possibility of applying renewable energy technologies in modern urban development.Objectives: the purpose of the study is to identify the most sources of renewable energy whose application is most rational in the development of settlements.Materials and methods: in the course of the work, the main advantages and disadvantages, as well as prospects for the development of various types of renewable energy sources, including small ones, were considered.Results: as a result of the work, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of implementing RES technologies in the environment of settlements with territorial planning and the need for their integrated application.Conclusions: application of renewable energy technologies is possible in modern urban planning. It is advisable to use several types of renewable energy taking into account the boundaries of existing landscapes of settlements, for maximum production.

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Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass for production of Biogas: Progress and Advantages

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology - RTT2020 ◽

10.46501/ijmtst060519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 108-111

Author(s):

Kumar Gaurav

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Energy Generation ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Energy Sources

A major share of world’s primary energy requirement is dependent on fossil fuels which is not only a non renewable source of energy and on the verge of extinction but also associated with serious environmental concerns. To combat these issues, alternative renewable energy sources are required. Certain examples of renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, hydro and thermal energy, biofuels etc. Biomass is one such alternative which is freely and abundantly available. It is mainly the agricultural waste and vegetable waste which are perishable and create a lot of nuisance. Tapping this biomass for energy production will be beneficial in two ways; it will be an excellent source of energy generation and it will also help in waste management for environment protection. Energy generation from Biomass can take place either chemically or thermo-chemically. In the present paper advantages of anaerobic digestion of biomass are discussed for biogas production.

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Parametric Optimization of Combined Wind-Solar Energy Power Plants for Sustainable Smart City Development

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112110351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 10351

Author(s):

Pavel Kuznetsov ◽

Miroslav Rimar ◽

Boris Yakimovich ◽

Olha Kulikova ◽

Martin Lopusniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Power Plants ◽

Parametric Optimization ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Heat Removal ◽

Smart Manufacturing ◽

Energy Sources ◽

City Development ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

To minimize the existing risks associated with the energy production, distribution, and development of urban areas, the concept of sustainable development of smart manufacturing is being introduced everywhere. However, most of existing digital transformation technologies do not sufficiently take into account environmental, economic, and social components. It requires the development of specialized solutions that, on the one hand, contribute to the development of the urban environment, and on the other, are focused on the use of innovative technologies that have a positive effect on the environment. However, in order to provide electric power to objects of a smart urban environment, we propose using autonomous power plants with renewable energy sources (wind and sun) instead of classical central power supply. The article describes the benefits of using combined wind-solar power plants to provide electricity to smart urban environments. The article considers advantages and disadvantages of this solution. We describe the design of the combined wind-solar installation with a vertical Darier rotor and photoelectric converters located on a common supporting structure. This solution allows getting a positive synergistic effect from the use of several renewable energy sources. The presented main advantages of this solution include increasing the energy efficiency of photovoltaic converters due to the intensification of heat removal from the surface of solar cells by the wind flow from the Darier rotor. In addition, this article considers the efficient use of the area and stability of electricity output. Digital aerodynamic modeling performed the parametric optimization of the Darier rotor having three blades with NACA 0021profile. The simulation demonstrated that the blades installed at an angle of 3.8° provide the maximum value of the wind utilization coefficient. This article also considers parametric optimization of a photovoltaic installation. In particular, the optimal installation angle of photovoltaic modules for Sevastopol is 34°.

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The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13184624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4624 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renata Marks-Bielska ◽

Stanisław Bielski ◽

Katarzyna Pik ◽

Krystyna Kurowska

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Green Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Mix ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Green Power ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Exploitation of renewable energy sources for power generation has been more and more important in recent years. This results from the economic issues and the measures taken to ensure the energy security. The aim of this research was to determine the significance of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy mix of Poland, and to elicit the opinions and the level of knowledge of the society on the use and development of non-conventional energy. The article also presents advantages and disadvantages of types of RES, the obstacles which hinder the progress of green energy in Poland, and the proposed measures to expand the share of the RES in the overall energy mix. The research relied on the statistical data gathered by Statistics Poland. The opinions of respondents were elicited through a diagnostic survey based on a questionnaire. The research has demonstrated that the respondents support the development of RES in Poland. However, they also maintain that the purchase and installation of devices for the production of non-conventional energy are too expensive. The respondents believe that in order to increase the number of green power plants, subsidies to encourage RES investment and tax reliefs related to this investment should be bigger.

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Spatial planning and the development of renewable energy sources in Poland

Acta Innovations ◽

10.32933/actainnovations.39.1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Marta Szyba

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Power Plants ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Spatial Development ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Development Plans

Due to the damage to the environment and climate caused by the generation of electricity in power plants burning fossil fuels, installations generating it from renewable energy sources are constructed. Spatial development plans for communes should consider their location. In Poland, generation of electricity in photovoltaic cells, wind farms and agricultural biogas plants has the greatest development potential. Due to the nuisance to people and the environment, wind turbines and agricultural biogas plants must be located far from residential buildings. Such conditions exist in sparsely populated rural areas. The observed development of single-family housing in rural areas is the result of the search for cheap construction sites and no local spatial development plans in most areas of rural communes. Dispersed housing construction restricts the construction of wind farms and agricultural biogas plants and thus poses a threat to renewable sources of wind and biogas energy produced in agricultural biogas plants. The situation may be changed by the requirement to include in spatial development plans the needs related to the construction of installations generating electricity from renewable energy sources and the construction of micro and small biogas plants directly at the sites where waste is generated.

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Analyzing Trade in Continuous Intra-Day Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3860

Author(s):

Priyanka Shinde ◽

Ioannis Boukas ◽

David Radu ◽

Miguel Manuel de Manuel de Villena ◽

Mikael Amelin

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Agent Based Modeling ◽

Market Liquidity ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Agent Based

In recent years, the vast penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced a large degree of uncertainty into the power system, thus leading to increased trading activity in the continuous intra-day electricity market. In this paper, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to analyze the behavior and the interactions between renewable energy sources, consumers and thermal power plants in the European Continuous Intra-day (CID) market. Additionally, we propose a novel adaptive trading strategy that can be used by the agents that participate in CID market. The agents learn how to adapt their behavior according to the arrival of new information and how to react to changing market conditions by updating their willingness to trade. A comparative analysis was performed to study the behavior of agents when they adopt the proposed strategy as opposed to other benchmark strategies. The effects of unexpected outages and information asymmetry on the market evolution and the market liquidity were also investigated.

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Agricultural Residue Management for Sustainable Power Generation: The Poland Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5907

Author(s):

Valerii Havrysh ◽

Antonina Kalinichenko ◽

Anna Brzozowska ◽

Jan Stebila

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Evaluation Methodology ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Agricultural Residue

The European Union has set targets for renewable energy utilization. Poland is a member of the EU, and its authorities support an increase in renewable energy use. The background of this study is based on the role of renewable energy sources in improving energy security and mitigation of climate change. Agricultural waste is of a significant role in bioenergy. However, there is a lack of integrated methodology for the measurement of its potential. The possibility of developing an integrated evaluation methodology for renewable energy potential and its spatial distribution was assumed as the hypothesis. The novelty of this study is the integration of two renewable energy sources: crop residues and animal husbandry waste (for biogas). To determine agricultural waste energy potential, we took into account straw requirements for stock-raising and soil conservation. The total energy potential of agricultural waste was estimated at 279.94 PJ. It can cover up to 15% of national power generation. The spatial distribution of the agricultural residue energy potential was examined. This information can be used to predict appropriate locations for biomass-based power generation facilities. The potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions ranges from 25.7 to 33.5 Mt per year.

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Regional Diversification of Potential, Production and Efficiency of Use of Biogas and Biomass in Poland

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Grzegorz Ślusarz ◽

Barbara Gołębiewska ◽

Marek Cierpiał-Wolan ◽

Jarosław Gołębiewski ◽

Dariusz Twaróg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Efficiency Frontier ◽

The European Union ◽

Production Potential ◽

Solid Biomass ◽

High Share

Energy obtained from renewable sources is an important element of the sustainable development strategy of the European Union and its member states. The aim of this research is, therefore, to assess the potential and use of renewable energy sources and their effectiveness from the regional perspective in Poland. The research covered the years 2012 and 2018. The diversification of production and potential of renewable energy sources was defined on the basis of biogas and biomass. Calculations made using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method showed that, in 2012, only three voivodeships achieved the highest efficiency in terms of the use of biogas and biomass resources; in 2018, this number increased to four. Comparing the effective units in 2012 and 2018, it can be seen that their efficiency frontier moved upwards by 56% in terms of biogas and 21% in terms of to biomass. Despite a large relative increase in the production of heat from biogas by 99% compared to the production of heat from biomass by 38%, the efficiency frontier for biogas did not change considerably. It was found that the resources of solid biomass are used far more intensively than the resources of biogas. However, in the case of biogas, a significant increase in the utilization of the production potential was observed: from 3.3% in 2012 to 6.4% in 2018, whereas in the same years, the utilization of solid biomass production potential remained at the same level (15.3% in 2012, 15.4% in 2018). It was also observed that, at the level of voivodeships, the utilization of biogas and biomass production potential is negatively correlated with the size of this potential. The combined potential of solid biomass and biogas can cover the demand of each of the studied regions in Poland in terms of thermal energy. The coverage ranges from 104% to 1402%. The results show that when comparing biomass and biogas, the production of both electricity and heat was dominated by solid biomass. Its high share occurred especially in voivodeships characterized by a high share of forest area and a low potential for biogas production (Lubuskie Voivodeship, Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship).

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