scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass for production of Biogas: Progress and Advantages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Kumar Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

A major share of world’s primary energy requirement is dependent on fossil fuels which is not only a non renewable source of energy and on the verge of extinction but also associated with serious environmental concerns. To combat these issues, alternative renewable energy sources are required. Certain examples of renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, hydro and thermal energy, biofuels etc. Biomass is one such alternative which is freely and abundantly available. It is mainly the agricultural waste and vegetable waste which are perishable and create a lot of nuisance. Tapping this biomass for energy production will be beneficial in two ways; it will be an excellent source of energy generation and it will also help in waste management for environment protection. Energy generation from Biomass can take place either chemically or thermo-chemically. In the present paper advantages of anaerobic digestion of biomass are discussed for biogas production.

scholarly journals The use of agricultural waste for the renewable energy production

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Zapalowska ◽  
Ulyana Bashutska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biogas Plants

In addition to hydroelectric power plants, solar and wind power plants, biogas plants are important in the production of electricity and heat from renewable energy sources. It is known that depending on the type of substrate used for processing and the design features of biogas plants, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, properly localized biomass installation is able to decrease the use of conventional materials reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Bio-waste, plant residues and other by-products can be used to produce electricity, heat and purified methane as fuel for repaired vehicles. Biogas production is a key technology for the sustainable use of agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source. Both, Poland and Ukraine, have a large agricultural area, and well developed animal cattery, which creates opportunities for alternative energy sources from biomass development.          Agricultural biogas plant energy produced from waste such manure, slurry and another agricultural waste, is an excellent source of heat, likewise, electricity. Therefore the importance of using agricultural waste as an energy source in the production of biogas shall be emphasized. A significant drawback of the system is the need to provide low economic and environmental losses. For this purpose, the place of biomass harvesting, transport and its preparation together with storage should be taken into account. To achieve the highest efficiency, small biogas plants should have permanent composition of substrate consisting of various ingredients.                 Ukraine and Poland has considerable potential of renewable energy sources development of which can provide significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. The production of biogas has become an attractive source of extra income for many farmers. Biogas production has a useful effect not only on economic, but ecological development, particularly in the rural regions. At the same time, environmental protection aspects have gained additional importance, so that anaerobic treatment processes have become a key technology for environmental and climate protection.          On the basis of the submitted documentation by the municipal administration and the manufacturer, the operation of biogas plants for the processing of organic agricultural waste in Gorajec and Odrzechowa (Poland) has been presented.

scholarly journals Renewable energy Sector in Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1128-1140
Author(s):  
Zahira Tabassum ◽  
◽  
Dr.Chandrashekhar Shastry ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Energy Share ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

Excessive use of traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels has resulted in significant environmental deterioration. India is one of the world’s fastest-growing energy consumers, and it is making continual efforts to increase renewable energy generation. The use of renewable energy sources to generate electricity is expanding every day. Renewable energy integration with existing power systems is a difficult endeavor that necessitates strategy and development. Climate-friendly energy systems will result from the use of renewable energy sources in power generation, as they lower CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuels used in conventional power generation. This research looks at a renewable energy scenario using Gujarat as a case study, which is a leader in renewable energy generation. The policies taken by the Gujarat government to increase renewable energy’s participation in the energy mix, as well as the challenges and potential solutions for boosting the deployment of renewable energy sources across Gujarat, are discussed. This study can be used as a guide for policymakers and researchers in other states and around the world who want to boost renewable energy share.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Biogas Production from Livestock Waste in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Millers ◽  
◽  
Irina Pilvere ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Livestock Farms

With the adoption of the Green Deal in the European Union (EU), the role of biodiversity, basic principles of the circular economy, climate change mitigation, forest protection and renewable energy increased. Since 2007, biogas production in Latvia has increased significantly, as it was possible to receive co-funding from the EU Funds for the construction of biogas plants. In 2021, inputs of agricultural origin are used by 40 biogas plants with an average installed capacity of 1 MW. The emergence of biogas plants on livestock farms is facilitated by the development of a circular economy producing waste from the production process – manure and feed waste. Anaerobic fermentation results in digestate – a nutrient-rich plant fertilizer that reduces the application of chemical fertilizers. Rational use of biogas can reduce the need for fossil fuels. Energy production from biogas should be encouraged, as waste is used efficiently, thereby generating energy and reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In Latvia, livestock production is one of the key industries of the national economy, which produces manure and feed waste. The present research calculated the amounts of cattle, pig and poultry manure and feed waste in Latvia. The research analysed livestock farms by number of cattle, pigs and poultry, the potential amounts of manure and waste produced and theoretical biogas output. Theoretically, 309 farms analysed can produce 93.5 mln. m3 of biogas from agricultural waste and construct 269 new biogas plants. A policy for supporting the construction of new biogas plants would contribute to the country’s independence from fossil energy sources, as well as increase the proportion of renewable energy sources to 50-70 % in final energy consumption by 2030. Farmers on whose farms a biogas plant could be built need to carefully consider the uses of the biogas produced. The uses could be thermal energy generation for heat supply, cogeneration (thermal and electrical energy) or biomethane production.

scholarly journals State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7803
Author(s):  
Michael E. Stamatakis ◽  
Maria G. Ioannides
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Logical Design

In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on ships is traditionally based on engines thermal generators, which use fossil fuels, diesel, or natural gas. Due to the continuous operation of thermal generators in ships, this ends up increasing polluting gas emissions for the environment, mainly CO2. A combination of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with traditional ship thermal engines can reduce CO2 emissions, resulting in a ‘greener’ interaction between ships and the environment. Due to the varying power needs for ship operation, considering the varying nature of load demands during long distance travels and during harbor entry, the use of RES must be evaluated. This paper presents a new control method to balance LNG ship load demands and power generation from RES, based on an accurate model and solution in real conditions. The Energy Management System (EMS) is designed and implemented in a Finite State Machine structure using the logical design of state transitions. The results prove that the reduction of consumption of fossil fuels is feasible, and, if this is combined with RES, it reduces CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Production of Bioethanol from Waste Potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Duruyurek ◽  
Cihan Dusgun ◽  
Mehmet Fuat Gulhan ◽  
Zeliha Selamoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Potato Producer

Using primary energy sources in World as fossil fuels, causes air pollution and climate change. Because of these reasons, people looking for renewable energy suppliers which has less carbondioxide and less pollution. Carbon in biofuels is producing from photosynthesis. For this, burning biofuels don’t increase carbondioxide in atmosphere. Scientists predict that plants with high carbonhydrate and protein contents are 21. centuries biofuels. Potatoes are producing over 280 million in whole world and Turkey is 6th potato producer. Turkey produces 5250000 tonne of potatoes. Approximately 20% of potatoes are waste in Niğde. Our study aimed to produce bioethanol from Solanum tuberosum by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result renewable energy sources can be produced from natural wastes.

Il costo dell'elettricitŕ prodotta da fonti rinnovabili in Italia: una stima dei costi delle "inefficenze" del sistema

2009 ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Arturo Lorenzoni ◽  
Laura Bano
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
The Eu

- The promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) is a high European Union (EU) priority for several reasons, including the security and diversification of energy supply, environmental protection and social and economic cohesion. The EU Council's decision of 9 March 2007 points towards increasing renewable penetration to 20% of total primary energy supply by 2020 (binding target). There are both costs and benefits associated with the achievement of such an ambitious target. For renewable technologies, the industrial cost is often higher compared to other energy sources. however, due to learning curve effects and market diffusion, technology related costs are coming down considerably. In some cases, when the external costs are taken into account by the price system, renewables can now be close to competitive with fossil fuels. With particular reference to renewable electricity in Italy, its development is often hampered by burdensome and time consuming authorisation procedures with the consequence of a high "mortality" rate for the investments in the sector, leading to increased costs for the project management. Therefore, in these projects an important cost factor is the high cost of capital due to risk. The analysis of the various renewables' support mechanisms currently in place in the EU shows that some types of incentive have proven to be more efficient than others in reducing the risk perception of investors and financing institutions, therefore making projects less expensive by reducing the cost of capital (both debt and equity). Therefore the focus here is on the electricity generation costs of some renewable technologies and on the costs related to the "additional" risk perceived by investors/lenders in the sector. The authors estimate the additional cost of capital which investors pay when operating in a risky environment. Some policy indications are finally given to reduce the non-technology related costs for a faster and more efficient growth of the sector. JEL Class. L98, Q28, Q48 Key words: renewable energy, electricity cost, administrative procedures, system inefficiency

scholarly journals Agricultural Residue Management for Sustainable Power Generation: The Poland Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5907
Author(s):  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Antonina Kalinichenko ◽  
Anna Brzozowska ◽  
Jan Stebila
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Agricultural Residue

The European Union has set targets for renewable energy utilization. Poland is a member of the EU, and its authorities support an increase in renewable energy use. The background of this study is based on the role of renewable energy sources in improving energy security and mitigation of climate change. Agricultural waste is of a significant role in bioenergy. However, there is a lack of integrated methodology for the measurement of its potential. The possibility of developing an integrated evaluation methodology for renewable energy potential and its spatial distribution was assumed as the hypothesis. The novelty of this study is the integration of two renewable energy sources: crop residues and animal husbandry waste (for biogas). To determine agricultural waste energy potential, we took into account straw requirements for stock-raising and soil conservation. The total energy potential of agricultural waste was estimated at 279.94 PJ. It can cover up to 15% of national power generation. The spatial distribution of the agricultural residue energy potential was examined. This information can be used to predict appropriate locations for biomass-based power generation facilities. The potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions ranges from 25.7 to 33.5 Mt per year.

Nigeria: Advancing the Cause of Renewable Energy in Nigeria’s Power Sector Through its Legal Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Olusola Joshua Olujobi ◽  
Temilola Olusola-Olujobi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Oil Sector

Fossil fuels have been the mainstream of energy supply and a major source of foreign exchange earnings for the Federal Government of Nigeria, in spite of being an unrenewable and unsustainable source of energy. Nigeria is yet to tap into the full benefits after privatising its power sector, including the new global evolution in the energy sector and the resulting increasing demand for renewable energy sources, which some consider to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels and their allied products. Energy security is a challenge to socio-economic development in Nigeria, due to the country’s over-dependency on fossil fuels. In terms of their impact and the potentials to preserve energy sources for longevity and sustainability, however, fossil fuels will come to be seen as an out-dated alternative in the power sector as the energy industry evolves. The implications for Nigeria’s oil sector will not be limited to dwindling crude oil prices. The concerns include poor energy utilisation in Nigeria and the need to promote energy efficiency and sustainability. They have led to the formulation of new energy policies around the world to serve as a vehicle for translating solutions into reality. This study has adopted a library-based legal research method with a comparative approach. The study reveals that it is the lack of a coherent legal framework with incentives for using renewable energy that is largely seen as the key issue causing slow uptake of renewable energy as an alternative source of energy in Nigeria. As well as the need for a coherent legal framework on energy and incentives for using renewable energy sources, the study advocates stringent enforcement of existing energy regulatory policies.

scholarly journals Regional Diversification of Potential, Production and Efficiency of Use of Biogas and Biomass in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ślusarz ◽  
Barbara Gołębiewska ◽  
Marek Cierpiał-Wolan ◽  
Jarosław Gołębiewski ◽  
Dariusz Twaróg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Efficiency Frontier ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
High Share

Energy obtained from renewable sources is an important element of the sustainable development strategy of the European Union and its member states. The aim of this research is, therefore, to assess the potential and use of renewable energy sources and their effectiveness from the regional perspective in Poland. The research covered the years 2012 and 2018. The diversification of production and potential of renewable energy sources was defined on the basis of biogas and biomass. Calculations made using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method showed that, in 2012, only three voivodeships achieved the highest efficiency in terms of the use of biogas and biomass resources; in 2018, this number increased to four. Comparing the effective units in 2012 and 2018, it can be seen that their efficiency frontier moved upwards by 56% in terms of biogas and 21% in terms of to biomass. Despite a large relative increase in the production of heat from biogas by 99% compared to the production of heat from biomass by 38%, the efficiency frontier for biogas did not change considerably. It was found that the resources of solid biomass are used far more intensively than the resources of biogas. However, in the case of biogas, a significant increase in the utilization of the production potential was observed: from 3.3% in 2012 to 6.4% in 2018, whereas in the same years, the utilization of solid biomass production potential remained at the same level (15.3% in 2012, 15.4% in 2018). It was also observed that, at the level of voivodeships, the utilization of biogas and biomass production potential is negatively correlated with the size of this potential. The combined potential of solid biomass and biogas can cover the demand of each of the studied regions in Poland in terms of thermal energy. The coverage ranges from 104% to 1402%. The results show that when comparing biomass and biogas, the production of both electricity and heat was dominated by solid biomass. Its high share occurred especially in voivodeships characterized by a high share of forest area and a low potential for biogas production (Lubuskie Voivodeship, Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship).

scholarly journals Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5142
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

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