scholarly journals Impact of Crude Oil on Functional Groups of Culturable Bacteria and Colonization of Symbiotic Microorganisms in the Clitoria-Brachiaria Rhizosphere Grown in Mesocosms

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Mariano García Díaz ◽  
Laura Verónica Hernández Cuevas ◽  
Rosalba Esquivel Cote ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Oil Concentration

This research evaluated the changes on populations of culturable N-fixing free bacteria (NFFB) and P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as well as on the root nodulation by native rhizobia, the root colonization and spore number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in the rhizosphere of Clitoria ternatea and Brachiaria brizantha grown in mesocosms contaminated with crude oil (0, 3000, 6000, 9000, and 12000 mg kg-1), for 240 days. After 24 h of soil contamination, the highest populations of NFFB and PSB (5.5 and 4.9 LogUFC, respectively) were found in control, and the lowest populations were obtained at 12000 mg kg-1 (5.1 and 4.2 LogUFC, respectively). In contrast, at 60 and 240 days, the control showed lower populations of NFFB and PSB (5.4 and 4.8 LogUFC, respectively) than contaminated treatments. The highest number or root nodules in C. ternatea was quantified in control at 60 and 240 days (25 and 27 nodules, respectively) in comparison to those observed at the treatment with 12000 mg kg-1 (7 and 1 nodule, respectively). At 60 days, AMF colonization in both plant species, and the number of spores significantly decreased as the crude oil concentration increased; however, at 240 days, the highest number of AMF spores was recorded at treatments with 6000 and 12000 mg kg-1. The dry weight of both plant species significantly decreased as crude oil concentrations increased. Although C. ternatea was more susceptible to the toxic effects of crude oil, this plant species showed greater content of total chlorophyll than B. brizantha.

scholarly journals Exploring plant root-fungal interactions in a neotropical freshwater wetland

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-674
Author(s):  
Jazmín Santillán-Manjarrez ◽  
A. Penelope Solis-Hernández ◽  
Patricia Castilla-Hernández ◽  
Ignacio E. Maldonado-Mendoza ◽  
Gilberto Vela-Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Dry Conditions

Background: Wetlands in Neotropics harbor high fungal diversity, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE). This study describes the interaction of plant roots with AMF and DSE in a freshwater wetland belonging to a hotspot of biodiversity.Hypothesis: Differential root colonization between arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi is influenced by plant species and abiotic conditions in a freshwater wetland.  Studied species: Plant species colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi.Methods: Properties of soils and the water column, floristic composition, root colonization by AMF and DSE, and molecular identification of AMF inside roots were studied.Results: Soils were Gleysol and flooded during the rainy season. Most of identified plant species were herbaceous, with Cyperus articulatus and Mimosa pigra as the dominant species. Seven of 8 analyzed plant species exhibited differential co-colonization between AMF and DSE. Repeated sampling for one year under flooding/dry conditions demonstrated that C. articulatus and M. pigra were mainly associated with DSE and AMF, respectively. A positive correlation between dissolved O2 in the water column and fungal colonization was observed in C. articulatus. Glomerales and Archaeosporales were molecularly identified inside roots containing arbuscules of M. pigra.Conclusions: Findings highlight differential coexistence between AMF and DSE in plant roots; fungal colonization was influenced by flooding/dry conditions in a neotropical wetland; the community of AMF inside arbusculated roots of M. pigra includes at least four clades.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Promoting Alfalfa Growth in Acid Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Yuji He ◽  
Yanjun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Inoculation ◽  
Amf Inoculation

High concentrations of soil Al3+ in acid soil severely influence the growth of Medicago sativa (alfalfa). The objective of the current study was to analyze whether Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation could improve alfalfa growth in acid soils. A two-way completely randomized factorial design was employed for M. sativa and M. lupulina (black medick) with two inoculations (rhizobia and AMF) and three Al3+ levels, and replicated four times. The soil Al3+ levels were adjusted to 900 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1100 mg/kg. Spores of AMF were isolated directly from rhizosphere soils of black medick. The rhizobia were isolated from root nodules in fields separately from two plant species. At each Al3+ level, there were four inoculations, non-inoculation, AMF solely, rhizobia solely and dual-inoculation with AMF and rhizobia. Soil Al3+ concentration significantly limited above- and below-ground growth of both alfalfa and black medick, reducing plant height, branching number, shoot and root weight, and root length, surface area and volume. Compared to rhizobia, AMF showed a higher tolerance to soil Al3+. AMF inoculation increased the shoot and root weight of both plant species under most circumstances. Overall, AMF colonization had a trend in increasing the contents of phosphorus in both plant species at all Al3+ concentrations but not nitrogen and potassium. Dual inoculation significantly increased nodulation ability, enabling both plant species to form nodules at 900 and 1000 mg/kg Al3+. Though the soil Al3+ concentration influenced the efficiency of AMF inoculation, AMF inoculation improved nodulation, increased plant growth and nutrient uptake, suggesting that it was an alternative way in improving alfalfa growth in acid soils.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte associations of medicinal plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Zubek ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Piotr Mleczko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Glomus Versiforme ◽  
Convallaria Majalis ◽  
First Time

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) associations were studied in 36 medicinal plant species from 33 genera and 17 families, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 34 species (94%); 26 were of the <em>Arum</em>-type, 4 – <em>Paris </em>and 4 taxa revealed intermediate morpho­logy. The abundance of AMF hyphae in roots varied with particular species, ranging from 2.5% (<em>Helianthus tuberosus</em>) to 77.9% (<em>Convallaria majalis</em>). The mycelium of DSE was observed in 13 plant species (36%), however, the percentage of root colonization by these fungi was low. Spores of 7 AMF species (Glomeromycota) were isolated from trap cultures established from rhizosphere soils of the investigated plants: <em>Archaeospora trappei </em>(Archaeosporaceae), <em>Glomus aureum</em>, <em>Glomus caledonium</em>, <em>Glomus claroideum</em>, <em>Glomus constrictum</em>, <em>Glomus mosseae</em>, <em>Glomus versiforme </em>(Glomeraceae). Our results are the first detailed report of root endophyte associations of the plant species under study. Moreover, the mycorrhizal status of 14 plant species is reported for the first time.

scholarly journals Nonlegumes, Legumes, and Root Nodules Harbor Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6240-6246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja R. Scheublin ◽  
Karyn P. Ridgway ◽  
J. Peter W. Young ◽  
Marcel G. A. van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Amf Communities

ABSTRACT Legumes are an important plant functional group since they can form a tripartite symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria and phosphorus-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, not much is known about AMF community composition in legumes and their root nodules. In this study, we analyzed the AMF community composition in the roots of three nonlegumes and in the roots and root nodules of three legumes growing in a natural dune grassland. We amplified a portion of the small-subunit ribosomal DNA and analyzed it by using restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. We found differences in AMF communities between legumes and nonlegumes and between legume roots and root nodules. Different plant species also contained different AMF communities, with different AMF diversity. One AMF sequence type was much more abundant in legumes than in nonlegumes (39 and 13%, respectively). Root nodules contained characteristic AMF communities that were different from those in legume roots, even though the communities were similar in nodules from different legume species. One AMF sequence type was found almost exclusively in root nodules. Legumes and root nodules have relatively high nitrogen concentrations and high phosphorus demands. Accordingly, the presence of legume- and nodule-related AMF can be explained by the specific nutritional requirements of legumes or by host-specific interactions among legumes, root nodules, and AMF. In summary, we found that AMF communities vary between plant functional groups (legumes and nonlegumes), between plant species, and between parts of a root system (roots and root nodules).

scholarly journals Delivery of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungus Spores via Seed Coating with Biodegradable Binders for Enhancement of the Spores Viability and Their Beneficial Properties in Maize

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marwanto Marwanto ◽  
Hendri Bustaman ◽  
Merakati Handajaningsih ◽  
Supanjani Supanjani ◽  
Bambang Gonggo Murcitro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Spore Population ◽  
Experimental Treatments

biodegradable polymer such as PVA is considered the most promising candidates for developing the sustainable sticker. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable PVA + TS blends as adhesives agent for AMF spores inoculation via seed coating which can enhance the spores viability and their beneficial properties in maize. The polythene bag experiment was performed in a screen house of the Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu Indonesia in 2015. Six adhesive blends were employed: 100% PVA + 0% TS, 75% PVA + 25% TS, 50% PVA + 50% TS, 25% PVA + 75% TS, 0% PVA + 100% TS, and no coating. The six experimental treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results show that root colonization, AMF spore population, and shoot dry weight in 75% PVA + 25% TS were equal to those in 100% PVA. Root colonization, AMF spore population, shoot P content, and shoot P concentration were greater for 50% PVA + 50% TS than 100% PVA, 100% TS, and no coating. A mixture of 50% PVA + 50% TS was considered the preferred sticker. Thus, the tapioca starch can be used to substitute 25 - 50% of the PVA used without reducing AMF inoculant adhering to seed.Keywords: polymeric seed coating, seed coating formulation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, sustainable coating adhesive, seed inoculation, seed inoculant

scholarly journals Growth, leaf gas exchange and mycorrhizal colonization of three medicinal species submitted to different irradiance levels

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Maria Barazetti ◽  
Eduardo Gross ◽  
George Andrade Sodré ◽  
Ândrea Carla Dalmolin ◽  
Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Medicinal Species

ABSTRACT: This study o evaluated growth, leaf gas exchange and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization in three medicinal plant species under different irradiance intensities. Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G.Lohmann, Mikania laevigata Sch.Bip. ex Baker and Varronia curassavica Jacq. were propagated by cutting and cultivated for 120 days in artificially shaded environments using black shade-type screens, obtaining four irradiance levels: 100%, 70%, 50% and 30%. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (three plant species and four irradiation levels) with seven replicates. The three medicinal species showed higher liquid assimilation, mass growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization rates when exposed to environments with 70% light availability. In relation to physiological responses, V. curassavica presented higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration when submitted to 70% irradiance, being able to be cultivated in more open environments with higher irradiation levels. Conversely F. chica and M. laevigata presented shade tolerance characteristics. At the initial growth phase, the results obtained can be used as indicators to recommend the ideal cultivation environment for these species in agroforestry systems.

scholarly journals Interaction Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Different Phosphate Levels on Growth Performance of Catharanthus roseus Linn.

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd AYOOB ◽  
Irfan AZIZ ◽  
Paramjit Kaur JITE
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Catharanthus roseus L. (Apocynaceae), a valuable medicinal plant with potential therapeutic value was inoculated with AM fungi Glomus fasciculatum under three different phosphate conditions. Catharanthus roseus plants raised in presence of the AM fungi showed increased growth in terms of (shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight). Total chlorophyll content and phosphate content of the shoot was found to be significantly higher in AM inoculated plants as compared to non AM Catharanthus plants. The activities of phosphatase enzymes were found to be increased in AM inoculated plants as compared to non AM plants. Root colonization percent was significantly higher in AM inoculated plants at zero and at all three phosphate levels after 60, 90 and 120 days of AM inoculation, but decreased at third phosphate level after 120 days of AM inoculation. The study suggests that Catharanthus roseus is dependent on the mycorrhizal fungi to a large extent for its growth and survival and also shows the potential of AM fungi Glomus fasciculatum in increasing growth and biomass of Catharanthus roseus L.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) DAN MYCORRHIZAL HELPER BACTERIA (MHB) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JABON (Anthocepalus cadamba Roxb.) The Effect of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHB) on Growth of Jabon

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Hutami Indah Pertiwi ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R. ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Hyphae ◽  
Glomus Sp

Jabon (Anthocepalus cadamba Roxb.) is one of the fast-growing species that naturally spread in some areas of Indonesia. Known as well adapted to some types of soil, and attributes to a quite high of economical prospects value. Interaction of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) symbiotic involve not only between fungi and plant’s root but also involving supporting organisms (bacteria). This bacteria capable to stimulating the development of mycorrhizal hyphae namely as Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria (MHB). The aims of this research was to discover of bacterial isolates that can stimulate the development of AMF in Jabon seedling and to examine the effectiveness of MHB isolate and AMF toward Jabon growth. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized-split splot design with two factors. The main plot was AMF with two levels; without AMF (M0) and with AMF respectively. Bacteria as the sub-plot with 19 levels consist of the control (B0), Isolate of Glomus sp with coding B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B11, B12, B13, B14, B15, B16, B17, and B18 respectively. Our experiment result showed that AMF inoculated of Jabon seedling had significantly effect on root colonization and root dry weight. The average of root colonization was 20.2%. Root dry weight increased 4.69% compared to control. Bacteria were suspected as MHB has not provided significant resultsKey words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, jabon, mycorrhizal helper bacteria

scholarly journals Effects of Metal Phytoextraction Practices on the Indigenous Community of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at a Metal-Contaminated Landfill

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2526-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa E. Pawlowska ◽  
Rufus L. Chaney ◽  
Mel Chin ◽  
Iris Charvat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Negative Effect

ABSTRACT Phytoextraction involves use of plants to remove toxic metals from soil. We examined the effects of phytoextraction practices with three plant species (Silene vulgaris, Thlaspi caerulescens, and Zea mays) and a factorial variation of soil amendments (either an ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen and the presence or absence of an elemental sulfur supplement) on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes) at a moderately metal-contaminated landfill located in St. Paul, Minn. Specifically, we tested whether the applied treatments affected the density of glomalean spores and AM root colonization in maize. Glomalean fungi from the landfill were grouped into two morphotypes characterized by either light-colored spores (LCS) or dark-colored spores (DCS). Dominant species of the LCS morphotype were Glomus mosseae and an unidentified Glomus sp., whereas the DCS morphotype was dominated by Glomus constrictum. The density of spores of the LCS morphotype from the phytoremediated area was lower than the density of these spores in the untreated landfill soil. Within the experimental area, spore density of the LCS morphotype in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal maize was significantly higher than in rhizospheres of nonmycorrhizal S. vulgaris or T. caerulescens. Sulfur supplement increased vesicular root colonization in maize and exerted a negative effect on spore density in maize rhizosphere. We conclude that phytoextraction practices, e.g., the choice of plant species and soil amendments, may have a great impact on the quantity and species composition of glomalean propagules as well as on mycorrhiza functioning during long-term metal-remediation treatments.

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