Exploring plant root-fungal interactions in a neotropical freshwater wetland

Background: Wetlands in Neotropics harbor high fungal diversity, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE). This study describes the interaction of plant roots with AMF and DSE in a freshwater wetland belonging to a hotspot of biodiversity.Hypothesis: Differential root colonization between arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi is influenced by plant species and abiotic conditions in a freshwater wetland. Studied species: Plant species colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi.Methods: Properties of soils and the water column, floristic composition, root colonization by AMF and DSE, and molecular identification of AMF inside roots were studied.Results: Soils were Gleysol and flooded during the rainy season. Most of identified plant species were herbaceous, with Cyperus articulatus and Mimosa pigra as the dominant species. Seven of 8 analyzed plant species exhibited differential co-colonization between AMF and DSE. Repeated sampling for one year under flooding/dry conditions demonstrated that C. articulatus and M. pigra were mainly associated with DSE and AMF, respectively. A positive correlation between dissolved O2 in the water column and fungal colonization was observed in C. articulatus. Glomerales and Archaeosporales were molecularly identified inside roots containing arbuscules of M. pigra.Conclusions: Findings highlight differential coexistence between AMF and DSE in plant roots; fungal colonization was influenced by flooding/dry conditions in a neotropical wetland; the community of AMF inside arbusculated roots of M. pigra includes at least four clades.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte associations of medicinal plants

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2011.033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 285-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Szymon Zubek ◽

Janusz Błaszkowski ◽

Piotr Mleczko

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Mosseae ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Dark Septate Endophyte ◽

Glomus Versiforme ◽

Convallaria Majalis ◽

First Time

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) associations were studied in 36 medicinal plant species from 33 genera and 17 families, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 34 species (94%); 26 were of the Arum-type, 4 – Paris and 4 taxa revealed intermediate morphology. The abundance of AMF hyphae in roots varied with particular species, ranging from 2.5% (Helianthus tuberosus) to 77.9% (Convallaria majalis). The mycelium of DSE was observed in 13 plant species (36%), however, the percentage of root colonization by these fungi was low. Spores of 7 AMF species (Glomeromycota) were isolated from trap cultures established from rhizosphere soils of the investigated plants: Archaeospora trappei (Archaeosporaceae), Glomus aureum, Glomus caledonium, Glomus claroideum, Glomus constrictum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiforme (Glomeraceae). Our results are the first detailed report of root endophyte associations of the plant species under study. Moreover, the mycorrhizal status of 14 plant species is reported for the first time.

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Studies on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in some medicinal plant species of paithal hills, western ghats kannur district, kerala

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj.2020.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Santhoshkumar S ◽

Nagarajan N ◽

Sree Priya S

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Fungal Spores ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

The Family ◽

Spore Population ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

In the present study to analyzed that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in root colonization and spore population in rhizosphere soils samples in various medicinal at Paithal hills,Western Ghats of Kannur district, Kerala, India. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2018-March, 2019 from the surface to 30 cm depth as well as pH were also recorded. Totally 30 plant species belonging to 19 families were collected and identified. The present result showed arbuscular mycorrhizal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and root colonization of all the plant species. A total of 19 AM fungal spores were recovered from the rhizosphere soil samples in this study region. The Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Mimosa pudica (590/100g of soil) which belongs to the family Mimosaceae and the lowest spore population was observed in the Terminalia bellirica 135/100g of soil) belongs to Combretaceae family. The highest 78 % AM fungal colonization was found in roots of Euphorbia hirta belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. While the lowest 11 % AM fungal colonization was found in the root of Sida acuta belongs to the family Malvaceae.

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Root-colonizing and soil-borne communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate forest understorey

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2013-0058 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 277-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Ülle Saks ◽

John Davison ◽

Maarja Öpik ◽

Martti Vasar ◽

Mari Moora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Root ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Amf Communities ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽

Phylogenetic Dispersion

We analyzed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in plant root samples from a natural forest ecosystem — a primeval forest in Järvselja, Estonia. AMF small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA genes were subjected to 454-pyrosequencing and BLAST-based taxonomic identification. Seventy-six AMF sequence groups (virtual taxa, VT) were identified from plant roots. Taken together with seven additional VT recorded in an earlier investigation of soil AMF communities at the site, this represents the highest number of AMF reported from a single ecosystem to date. The six study plant species hosted similar AMF communities. However, AMF community composition in plant roots was significantly different from that in soil and considerably more VT were retrieved from roots than from soil. AMF VT identified from plant roots as a whole and from individual plant species were frequently phylogenetically clustered compared with local and global taxon pools, suggesting that nonrandom assembly processes, notably habitat filtering, may have shaped fungal assemblages. In contrast, the phylogenetic dispersion of AMF communities in soil did not differ from random subsets of the local or global taxon pools.

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Isolation of a Premycorrhizal Infection (pmi2) Mutant of Tomato, Resistant to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.5.382 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 382-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Rakefet David-Schwartz ◽

Vijay Gadkar ◽

Smadar Wininger ◽

Roza Bendov ◽

Gad Galili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Recessive Trait ◽

Wild Type ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) represent an ancient symbiosis between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots which co-evolved to exhibit a finely tuned, multistage interaction that assists plant growth. Direct screening efforts for Myc¯ plant mutants resulted in the identification of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Micro-Tom) mutant, M20, which was impaired in its ability to support the premycorrhizal infection (pmi) stages. The Myc¯ phenotype of the M20 mutant was a single Mendelian recessive trait, stable for nine generations, and nonallelic to a previously identified M161 pmi mutant. The M20 mutant was resistant to infection by isolated AM spores and colonized roots. Formation of Glomus intraradices appressoria on M20 roots was normal, as on wild-type (WT) plants, but in significantly reduced numbers. A significant reduction in spore germination was observed in vitro in the presence of M20 exudates relative to WT. Our results indicate that this new mutant shares similar physiological characteristics with the M161 pmi mutant, but has a more suppressive Myc¯ phenotype response.

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Relative qPCR to quantify colonization of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s00572-020-01014-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 137-148

Author(s):

Natacha Bodenhausen ◽

Gabriel Deslandes-Hérold ◽

Jan Waelchli ◽

Alain Held ◽

Marcel G. A. van der Heijden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽

Qpcr Method ◽

Low Levels ◽

Very High ◽

Accurate Quantification

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil fungi that can promote the growth of their host plants. Accurate quantification of AMF in plant roots is important because the level of colonization is often indicative of the activity of these fungi. Root colonization is traditionally measured with microscopy methods which visualize fungal structures inside roots. Microscopy methods are labor-intensive, and results depend on the observer. In this study, we present a relative qPCR method to quantify AMF in which we normalized the AMF qPCR signal relative to a plant gene. First, we validated the primer pair AMG1F and AM1 in silico, and we show that these primers cover most AMF species present in plant roots without amplifying host DNA. Next, we compared the relative qPCR method with traditional microscopy based on a greenhouse experiment with Petunia plants that ranged from very high to very low levels of AMF root colonization. Finally, by sequencing the qPCR amplicons with MiSeq, we experimentally confirmed that the primer pair excludes plant DNA while amplifying mostly AMF. Most importantly, our relative qPCR approach was capable of discriminating quantitative differences in AMF root colonization and it strongly correlated (Spearman Rho = 0.875) with quantifications by traditional microscopy. Finally, we provide a balanced discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of microscopy and qPCR methods. In conclusion, the tested approach of relative qPCR presents a reliable alternative method to quantify AMF root colonization that is less operator-dependent than traditional microscopy and offers scalability to high-throughput analyses.

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Mycorrhizal associations in Polylepis woodlands of Central Argentina

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b07-042 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 526-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Eugenia Menoyo ◽

Alejandra G. Becerra ◽

Daniel Renison

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

National Park ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dark Septate Endophyte ◽

Central Argentina ◽

Mycorrhizal Associations ◽

Colonization Patterns ◽

First Time

Polylepis woodlands are one of the most threatened mountain ecosystems of South America, and their restoration is a high priority. To assess the mycorrhizal status in Polylepis woodlands of “Quebrada del Condorito” National Park (Córdoba Mountains, Central Argentina), we examined the roots of 22 plant species, belonging to 14 families and determined morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Arum and Paris type) and colonization level. The 22 species were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Different arbuscular mycorrhizal structures and colonization patterns were observed, although Paris-type colonization was predominant. Fourteen plant species are reported for the first time as hosts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We conclude that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte hosts are widespread in the Polylepis woodlands of Central Argentina and should receive special attention in future revegetation programs.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza in species of Commelinidae (Liliopsida) in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil)

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062001000200002 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gladstone Alves da Silva ◽

Bartolomeu Acioli dos Santos ◽

Marccus Vinícius Alves ◽

Leonor Costa Maia

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Light Microscope ◽

Trypan Blue ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

The State ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽

Important Kind

Mycorrhiza are a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and plant roots, the main benefit to the plant being increased nutrient uptake. The arbuscular is the most important kind of mycorrhiza for agriculture and it is widespread in occurrence and distribution in most ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the mycorrhizal status of the species of Commelinidae that occur in the State of Pernambuco. Plant roots, collected in ten municipalities, were washed, cleared in KOH, stained with Trypan blue in lactoglycerol and observed under a light microscope in order to assess presence and identification of the mycorrhizal type. Percentage of root colonization was evaluated by the gridline intersect method. Forty specimens representing 30 species were observed. From these specimens, 70% were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In one family (Typhaceae), mycorrhizal structures were not observed, in two of them (Eriocaulaceae and Juncaceae) all specimens showed the association, and three families (Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae) presented specimens with or without AMF. In some of the roots, other fungi were observed together with the AMF. The results indicate that AMF are widely distributed among species of Commelinidae in Pernambuco, being probably important for their establishment in the areas visited.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Endophyte Fungal Associations in South Indian Aquatic and Wetland Macrophytes

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2014/173125 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kumar Seerangan ◽

Muthukumar Thangavelu

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Fungal Spores ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Dark Septate Endophyte ◽

South Indian ◽

Fungal Symbiosis ◽

Am Morphology ◽

First Time ◽

Wetland Habitats

Investigations on the prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal symbioses are limited for plants growing in tropical aquatic and wetland habitats compared to those growing on terrestrial moist or dry habitats. Therefore, we assessed the incidence of AM and DSE symbiosis in 8 hydrophytes and 50 wetland plants from four sites in south India. Of the 58 plant species examined, we found AM and DSE fungal symbiosis in 21 and five species, respectively. We reported for the first time AM and DSE fungal symbiosis in seven and five species, respectively. Intermediate-type AM morphology was common, and AM morphology is reported for the first time in 16 plant species. Both AM and DSE fungal colonization varied significantly across plant species and sites. Intact and identifiable AM fungal spores occurred in root zones of nine plant species, but AM fungal species richness was low. Though no clear relationship between AM and DSE fungal colonization was recognized, a significant negative correlation between AM colonization and spore numbers was established. Our study suggests that the occurrence of AM and DSE fungal symbiosis in plants growing in hydrophytic and wetland habitats is not as common as in terrestrial habitats.

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Impact of Crude Oil on Functional Groups of Culturable Bacteria and Colonization of Symbiotic Microorganisms in the Clitoria-Brachiaria Rhizosphere Grown in Mesocosms

Acta Biológica Colombiana ◽

10.15446/abc.v24n2.64771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 343-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alejandro Alarcón ◽

Mariano García Díaz ◽

Laura Verónica Hernández Cuevas ◽

Rosalba Esquivel Cote ◽

Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Culturable Bacteria ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Oil Concentration

This research evaluated the changes on populations of culturable N-fixing free bacteria (NFFB) and P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as well as on the root nodulation by native rhizobia, the root colonization and spore number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in the rhizosphere of Clitoria ternatea and Brachiaria brizantha grown in mesocosms contaminated with crude oil (0, 3000, 6000, 9000, and 12000 mg kg-1), for 240 days. After 24 h of soil contamination, the highest populations of NFFB and PSB (5.5 and 4.9 LogUFC, respectively) were found in control, and the lowest populations were obtained at 12000 mg kg-1 (5.1 and 4.2 LogUFC, respectively). In contrast, at 60 and 240 days, the control showed lower populations of NFFB and PSB (5.4 and 4.8 LogUFC, respectively) than contaminated treatments. The highest number or root nodules in C. ternatea was quantified in control at 60 and 240 days (25 and 27 nodules, respectively) in comparison to those observed at the treatment with 12000 mg kg-1 (7 and 1 nodule, respectively). At 60 days, AMF colonization in both plant species, and the number of spores significantly decreased as the crude oil concentration increased; however, at 240 days, the highest number of AMF spores was recorded at treatments with 6000 and 12000 mg kg-1. The dry weight of both plant species significantly decreased as crude oil concentrations increased. Although C. ternatea was more susceptible to the toxic effects of crude oil, this plant species showed greater content of total chlorophyll than B. brizantha.

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Growth, leaf gas exchange and mycorrhizal colonization of three medicinal species submitted to different irradiance levels

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200633 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Viviane Maria Barazetti ◽

Eduardo Gross ◽

George Andrade Sodré ◽

Ândrea Carla Dalmolin ◽

Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Medicinal Species

ABSTRACT: This study o evaluated growth, leaf gas exchange and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization in three medicinal plant species under different irradiance intensities. Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G.Lohmann, Mikania laevigata Sch.Bip. ex Baker and Varronia curassavica Jacq. were propagated by cutting and cultivated for 120 days in artificially shaded environments using black shade-type screens, obtaining four irradiance levels: 100%, 70%, 50% and 30%. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (three plant species and four irradiation levels) with seven replicates. The three medicinal species showed higher liquid assimilation, mass growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization rates when exposed to environments with 70% light availability. In relation to physiological responses, V. curassavica presented higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration when submitted to 70% irradiance, being able to be cultivated in more open environments with higher irradiation levels. Conversely F. chica and M. laevigata presented shade tolerance characteristics. At the initial growth phase, the results obtained can be used as indicators to recommend the ideal cultivation environment for these species in agroforestry systems.

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