scholarly journals Successive crops of broccoli, green corn and pea after taro (Colocasia esculenta)-sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) consortium

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
João Nacir Colombo ◽  
Mario Puiatti ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽  
Henrique Colli Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Corn Plants

Aiming to assess the residual effect of the biomass of the taro-sunn hemp consortium on the performance of the successive crops of broccoli, green corn and peas, an experiment, with 11 treatments, corresponding to the cutting of Crotalaria juncea in the taro-sunn hemp consortium (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 days after sowing - DAS) plus a control treatment (Colocasia esculenta), was performed. Soil samples were collected and chemical analysis was performed before crop establishment. Plant characteristics and productivity of broccoli, green corn and pea pods were assessed. There were no major changes in soil chemical composition. Higher values of inflorescence fresh matter and broccoli yield were observed in the treatments in which cuts of Crotalaria juncea occurred 145 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cuttings provided higher corn plants and a greater fresh matter of spikes with straw and productivity of commercial ears, compared to the control. There was no residual effect on the characteristics evaluated for pea. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cropped in a consortium with Colocasia esculenta increases broccoli yield when cut from 145 DAS and corn cropped in succession.

scholarly journals Basic experimental unit and plot sizes for fresh matter of sunn hemp

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Facco ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
André Lavezo ◽  
Denison Esequiel Schabarum ◽  
Gabriela Görgen Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Uniformity Trials

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify the influence of the basic experimental unit (BEU) size in the estimation of the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The fresh matter of sunn hemp was evaluated in uniformity trials in two sowing season in flowering. In each sowing season, 4,608 BEUs of 0.5×0.5m (0.25m2) were evaluated and 36 BEU plans were formed with sizes from 0.25 to 16m2. In each evaluation period for each BEU plan, using fresh matter data, optimum plot size was estimated through the modified maximum curvature method. Estimation of the optimum plot size depends on the BEU size. Assessing fresh matter in BEUs that are as small as possible is recommended in order to use it to estimate the optimum plot size.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Taro-Sunn Hemp Intercropping With Broccoli, Green Maize and Snow Pea as Successive Crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
João Nacir Colombo ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigo Krause ◽  
Marília Cecília Bittencourt ◽  
Janiele Cássia Barbosa Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Crop Straw ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Although several studies about intercropping green manures with vegetable crops have already been carried out, there are few studies in which the economic analysis was performed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the economic profitability of the taro and Crotalaria juncea consortium, as well as broccoli, green maize and snow pea grown in succession. The treatments correspond to 10 different cutting dates of the sunn hemp during its intercropping with taro (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 DAS-days after sowing), plus the monoculture of the taro. Under the legumious cover crop straw were grown in succession: broccoli, green maize and snow pea. The use of Crotalaria juncea in a consortium does not affect the productivity and economic profitability of the taro when cutting up to 130 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea grown in consortium with taro increases the economic yield of broccoli when the cutting is performed from 145 DAS. However, it does not affect green maize and snow pea. When the taro is cultivated intercropped with Crotalaria juncea and in succession broccoli, green maize and snow pea are grown, higher yields and economic incomes are obtained by cutting the leguminous green manure up to 130 DAS.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Yuksel Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Climate change scenarios reveal that Turkey’s wheat production area is under the combined effects of heat and drought stresses. The adverse effects of climate change have just begun to be experienced in Turkey’s spring and the winter wheat zones. However, climate change is likely to affect the winter wheat zone more severely. Fortunately, there is a fast, repeatable, reliable and relatively affordable way to predict climate change effects on winter wheat (e.g., testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone). For this purpose, 36 wheat genotypes in total, consisting of 14 spring and 22 winter types, were tested under the field conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, a representative of the spring wheat zone of Turkey, during the two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020). Simultaneous heat (>30 °C) and drought (<40 mm) stresses occurring in May and June during both growing seasons caused drastic losses in winter wheat grain yield and its components. Declines in plant characteristics of winter wheat genotypes, compared to those of spring wheat genotypes using as a control treatment, were determined as follows: 46.3% in grain yield, 23.7% in harvest index, 30.5% in grains per spike and 19.4% in thousand kernel weight, whereas an increase of 282.2% in spike sterility occurred. On the other hand, no substantial changes were observed in plant height (10 cm longer than that of spring wheat) and on days to heading (25 days more than that of spring wheat) of winter wheat genotypes. In general, taller winter wheat genotypes tended to lodge. Meanwhile, it became impossible to avoid the combined effects of heat and drought stresses during anthesis and grain filling periods because the time to heading of winter wheat genotypes could not be shortened significantly. In conclusion, our research findings showed that many winter wheat genotypes would not successfully adapt to climate change. It was determined that specific plant characteristics such as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, long phenological duration (lack of earliness per se) and vulnerability to diseases prevailing in the spring wheat zone, made winter wheat difficult to adapt to climate change. The most important strategic step that can be taken to overcome these challenges is that Turkey’s wheat breeding program objectives should be harmonized with the climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals SunnGro: A new crop model for the simulation of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) grown under alternative management practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 105975
Author(s):  
Andrea Parenti ◽  
Giovanni Cappelli ◽  
Walter Zegada-Lizarazu ◽  
Carlos Martín Sastre ◽  
Myrsini Christou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
New Crop

scholarly journals Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids, Including Monoesters with an Unusual Esterifying Acid, from Cultivated Crotalaria juncea (Sunn Hemp cv.‘Tropic Sun’)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (14) ◽  
pp. 3541-3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Colegate ◽  
Dale R. Gardner ◽  
Robert J. Joy ◽  
Joseph M. Betz ◽  
Kip E. Panter
Keyword(s):  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Sunn Hemp

scholarly journals Spatial variability of sunn hemp under residual effect of nitrogen and water salinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Pedro Ramualyson Fernandes Sampaio ◽  
Neyton De Oliveira Miranda ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
José Flaviano Barbosa de Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Sunn Hemp

scholarly journals Microbial fertilizer from PK rocks on lettuce nutrients and soil attributes in consecutive crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Newton Pereira Stamford ◽  
Emmanuella Vila Nova da Silva ◽  
Thatiana Stamford Arnaud ◽  
Carlos Garcia Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Successive Cycle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potassic Rocks ◽  
Microbial Fertilizers

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a microbial fertilizer, produced from phosphate and potassic rocks and earthworm compost, as an alternative to conventional fertilizers, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) nutrients and soil attributes. The experiment was conducted in consecutive cycles (30 and 60 days) in a soil from the Lorca region, in the municipality of Murcia, Spain. The fertilization treatments were: conventional fertilizer, 100% of the recommended rate (RR); microbial fertilizer, 50% of the RR (5 Mg ha-1); microbial fertilizer, 100% of the RR (10 Mg ha-1); microbial fertilizer, 150% of the RR (15 Mg ha-1); and control, without N-P2O5-K2O fertilization. The microbial fertilizers applied at 100 and 150% of the RR showed significant and positive effects, as well as the best results for plant characteristics. The microbial fertilizer increased total N and available P and K compared with the conventional fertilizer. A residual effect was observed in the successive cycle. The effectiveness of the microbial fertilizer shows it is a viable alternative to conventional fertilizers, with positive effects on plant productivity and soil attributes.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

Initial Development of Soybean as a Bioindicator of the Potential of Leaching 2,4-D In Red Latosol

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733
Author(s):  
Vinícius Melo da Silva ◽  
Tonny José Araújo Da Silva ◽  
Maria Aparecida Peres de Oliveira ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Red Latosol

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of leaching 2,4-D in Red Latosol using soybean as a bioindicator plant, to verify the residual effect of the distribution of the herbicide in the soil on the initial development of the plant. The experimental design is a 5 × 11 × 2 triple factorial model, with 5 treatments of water slides (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm) applied by a rainfall simulator. The depth of 11 layers (0-5, 5 -10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, and 50-55 cm) were mounted on soil columns using two groups (in the absence and the presence of the 2,4-D herbicide dimethylamine by application at a dose of 1500 g a.i. ha-1), with four replicates, making 440 experimental plots. The residual effect of the herbicide was evaluated by seedling emergence speed index, total seedling emergence percentage and plant height evaluation. The results demonstrated that the effect of 2,4-D herbicide distribution along the soil profile induces increases in the initial development of soybean when compared to the control treatment. However, the residual 2,4-D in the soil decreases with 80- and 100-mm sheets that have greater herbicide leaching potential beyond the depth range of the soil columns. Keywords: Residual effect, Seedling emergence, Glycine max.

scholarly journals Megachile sculpturalis, the Giant Resin Bee, overcomes the blossom structure of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Glenn Hall ◽  
Laura Avila
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Effective Pollinators ◽  
Effective Pollinator

Bee species that are effective pollinators of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.: Fabaceae: Crotalarieae) are few in number because of the large size and papilionaceous structure of the plant’s blossom.  Seed for this potentially valuable cover crop is largely unavailable due to the paucity of pollinators and to the plant’s self-incompatibility.  The introduced Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith (Megachilidae: Megachilinae), the giant resin bee, has the anatomy and behavior to be a most effective pollinator.  While holding onto the upper vexillum petal of the blossom with her mandibles, this bee has the strength to depress the lower keel causing pollen to be expelled by the style through the small opening at the end.  The bee is long enough for its metasoma to extend over the end of the keel, and, as a member of the family Megachilidae, has scopal hairs on the venter of the metasoma, which are thus in an optimal position to contact the pollen.  Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.: Apidae) are common visitors to sunn hemp flowers but are too small to be effective pollinators.  A honey bee worker robs the pollen by inserting her proboscis into the end of the keel and extracting the adhering pollen.  Possible problems could result from mutual enhancement of populations of an exotic bee and an exotic plant.

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