scholarly journals Development of Tropical Lowland Peat Forest Phasic Community Zonations in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya area, West Sarawak, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Tarmizi Mohamad ◽  
Ng Tham Fatt ◽  
Zainey Konjing ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Vegetational Succession ◽  
Peat Profile ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Pollen Analyses

<p>Logging observations of auger profiles (Tarmizi, 2014) indicate a vertical, downwards, general decrease of peat humification levels with depth in a tropical lowland peat forest in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya area in the region of West Sarawak (Malaysia). Based on pollen analyses and field observations, the studied peat profiles can be interpreted as part of a progradation deltaic succession. Continued regression of sea levels, gave rise to the development of peat in a transitional mangrove to floodplain/floodbasin environment, followed by a shallow, topogenic peat depositional environment with riparian influence at approximately 2420 ± 30 years B.P. (until present time). The inferred peat vegetational succession reached Phasic Community I at approximately 2380 ± 30 years B.P. and followed by Phasic Community II at approximately 1780 ± 30 years B.P., towards the upper part of the present, ombrogenic, peat profile. Observations of the presence of large, hollow, Shorea type trees, supports that successive vegetational zonation of the tropical lowland peat dome may have reached Phasic Community II. Some pollen types were found that are also known to occur in the inferred vegetational zonation of Phasic Community III and IV or higher. Pollen analyses indicate that estuarine and deltaic, brackish to saline water influence may have gradually ceased at approximately 0.5 m below the lithological boundary between peat and underlying soil (floodplain deposit) in the tropical lowland peat basin.</p>

scholarly journals Sedimentology and geochemistry of Middle–Upper Permian in northwestern Turpan–Hami Basin, China: Implication for depositional environments and petroleum geology

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-941
Author(s):  
Jian Song ◽  
Zhidong Bao ◽  
Xingmin Zhao ◽  
Yinshan Gao ◽  
Xinmin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Volcanic Source

Studies have found that the Permian is another important stratum for petroleum exploration except the Jurassic coal measures within Turpan–Hami Basin recently. However, the knowledge of the depositional environments and its petroleum geological significances during the Middle–Late Permian is still limited. Based on the analysis about the sedimentological features of the outcrop and the geochemical characteristics of mudstones from the Middle Permian Taerlang Formation and Upper Permian Quanzijie Formation in the Taoshuyuanzi profile, northwest Turpan–Hami Basin, this paper makes a detailed discussion on the Middle–Late Permian paleoenvironment and its petroleum geological significances. The Middle–Upper Permian delta–lacustrine depositional system was characterized by complex vertical lithofacies assemblages, which were primarily influenced by tectonism and frequent lake-level variations in this area. The Taerlang Formation showed a significant lake transgression trend, whereas the regressive trend of the Quanzijie Formation was relatively weaker. The provenance of Taerlang and Quanzijie Formations was derived from the rift shoulder (Bogda Mountain area now) to the north and might be composed of a mixture of andesite and felsic volcanic source rocks. The Lower Taerlang Formation was deposited in a relatively hot–dry climate, whereas the Upper Taerlang and Quanzijie Formations were deposited in a relatively humid climate. During the Middle–Late Permian, this area belonged to an overall semi-saline water depositional environment. The paleosalinity values showed stepwise decreases from the Lower Taerlang Formation to the Upper Quanzijie Formation, which was influenced by the changes of paleoclimate in this region. During the Middle–Late Permian, the study area was in an overall anoxic depositional environment. The paleoenvironment with humid climate, lower paleosalinity, anoxic condition, and semi-deep to deep water during the deposition of the Upper Taerlang Formation was suitable for the accumulation of mudstones with higher TOC values.

scholarly journals Melliferous flora and pollen characterization of honey samples of Apis mellifera L., 1758 in apiaries in the counties of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora, PR

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETE S. SEKINE ◽  
VAGNER A.A. TOLEDO ◽  
MARCELO G. CAXAMBU ◽  
SUZANE CHMURA ◽  
ELIZA H. TAKASHIBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Analyses

The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the flora with potential for beekeeping in the counties of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora-PR through the collection of plants and pollen analyses in honey samples collected monthly. 208 species of plants were recorded, distributed in 66 families. The families that showed the major richness of pollen types were: Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Solanaceae. Approximately 80 pollen types were found in honey samples, most of them were characterized as heterofloral. Cultivated plants, such as Glycine max (soybean) and Eucalyptus spp., were representative in some months of the year. Exotic species, such as Ricinus communis and Melia azedarach, were also frequent. However, over than 50% of the pollen types belong to native species of the region, such as Schinus terebinthifolius, Baccharis spp. Alchornea triplinervia, Parapiptadenia rigida, Hexaclamys edulis, Zanthoxylum sp. and Serjania spp., indicating the importance of the native vegetation for the survival of the colonies.

Detailed Lithofacies and Architectural Facies Analyses on Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Clastic Shoreline Depositional Environment of the Cibulakan Formation in Cipamingkis River, Jonggol, Bogor, West Java

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
West Java ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fragment Type ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Facies Modelling ◽  
Depositional Setting ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

Cibulakan Formation as one of the prolific hydrocarbon-bearing intervals has become an interesting study object for many researchers. The continuous outcrop of the Cibulakan Formation in the Cipamingkis River comprises claystone, sandstone, and subordinate limestone of grainstone, packstone, and wackestone facies. The outcrop should be able to give a clearer vertical and spatial variation of sandstone and limestone geometry compared to the conventional core alone. Field observations followed by measuring the section is conducted to distinguish lithofacies and to create a stratigraphic profile from the chosen interval. Samples and thin sections from sandstone and limestone lithofacies are observed further to determine fragment type variation, matrix, cement, texture, and porosity types qualitatively. Fourteen (14) lithofacies have been recognized from the observation, i.e., Slumped Sandstone (A1), Claystone (A2), Slightly-bioturbated Sandstone (B1), Cross-laminated Sandstone (B2), Parallel-laminated Siltstone (B3), Calcareous Claystone (B4), Moderately-bioturbated Sandstone (C1), Hummocky Cross-stratified Sandstone (C2), Skeletal – Coral clast Wackestone (C3), Skeletal-clast Packstone (C4), Coralline Foraminiferal Boundstone (C5), Low-angle Planar Cross-bedded Sandstone (D1), Intensely-bioturbated Sandstone (D2), and Trough Cross-bedded Sandstone (D3). There are four architectural facies in the research interval and each of them is composed of different and specific lithofacies. An ideal parasequence is composed of all Architectural Facies namely : (A) Offshore-Transition (B) Lower Shoreface (C) Upper Shoreface with the whole thickness range between 15 to 25 m and the parasequence shows thickening upward succession. The detailed information about the lithofacies and architectural facies hopefully will provide a better understanding of the facies modelling of the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic depositional setting, new insights for parasequence recognition in clastic shoreline depositional environment and become a reference for other areas lacking in core data and/or outcrop analogue.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ALTITUDE TO THE POLLEN TYPES THAT TRIGONA COLLECTED

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
I PUTU NARKA EKA PRATAMA ◽  
NI LUH WATINIASIH ◽  
I KETUT GINANTRA
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Climatic Effect ◽  
South East Asian Region ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Euphorbia Milii ◽  
Development Laboratory ◽  
Different Altitudes

Trigona is a stingless bee, which has been found in tropical and sub-tropical regions.  Fifty species have been indentified in South East Asian region, but few studies have been conducted in Indonesia.  Plant species commonly differ in different altitudes, due to the climatic effect, therefore will affect the availability of food source for Trigona.  This study aimed to investigate the effect of different altitudes to the pollen types collected and used by Trigona as food resources and the distance of their foraging. Samples of Trigona were collected from 3 locations: Location I was in Mawang and Taro Villages at Gianyar Regency, Location II was in Tua Village at Tabanan Regency and Location III was in Ngis Village at Karangasem Regency. The altitudes of those three locations were 750.87 m, 493.007 m and 147.15 m above sea levels respectively. Pollen samples were processed using the acetolysis methods in the Plant Structure and Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Udayana University and pollen identification was referred to the book of “Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy” (Erdtman, 1972). The results showed that in some cases, the type pollen collected by Trigona differ in different altitude.  Pollen of Allamanda cathartica L was collected by the bee at Gianyar and Karangasem Regencies. Pollen of Capsicum frutescens L. and Euphorbia milii were collected by the bee at Tabanan and Karangasem Regency, while pollen Neomarica longifolia was found in bees in all three locations. The average distances of foraging of this Trigona bee was 147.15 m at Gianyar, 162.21 m at Tabanan and 53.61 m at Karangasem.  

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING ESTUARY SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Kendrick ◽  
B.V. Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Estuary Sediment

Many factors combine to determine the way in which sediments are distributed throughout an estuary. Most fundamental are those which produce the natural rhythm of diurnal (or semi-diurnal), bi-monthly and seasonal fluctuations due to predictable variations in tide and weather. This group includes tidal discharge, fresh river flow and the resultant distribution of saline water. When considered together with such factors as the availability and properties of sediments within and beyond the landward and seaward limits of an estuary, they determine how the available material shall be eroded, transported and deposited during the course of the natural cycle. Superimposed on these regular fluctuations are the effects of other factors which may or may not be predictable, are not necessarily regular in occurrence and may be either natural or man-made. These include secular trends, such as long-term adjustments in land/sea levels or climatic conditions, which have a small but continuing effect on some of the factors in the first group. They also include sudden, short-term events like earthquakes or hurricanes which impose a shock to the system that may involve the movement of large quantities of material during the subsequent period of readjustment.

scholarly journals Pollen, Plant Macrofossils, and Insects from Fossil Woodrat (Neotoma Cinerea) Middens in British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hebda ◽  
Barry G. Warner ◽  
Robert A. Cannings
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Neotoma Cinerea ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum ◽  
Pollen Analyses

ABSTRACT Bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) occur commonly in cliffs, rock talus, and caves in the open Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa forests throughout interior British Columbia. Fossil N. cinerea middens from two sites in central British Columbia were radiocarbon dated and examined for pollen, plant macrofossils and insect remains. The Oregon Jack Creek site contains a midden that is dated 1150 ± 80 (WAT-1764) radiocarbon years ago. Pollen analyses reveal an abundance of Cupressaceae (Juniperus) and Pinus. Shrub and herb pollen types include Artemisia. Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Asteraceae. Juniperus scopulorum leaves, Pseudotsuga menziesii needles, Chenopodiaceae seeds. Rosa thorns and Artemisia leaflets are the main plant macrofossils. The remains of three beetle genera, Cryptophagus, Lathridius, and Enicmus represent insects that probably lived in the midden, eating decaying organic matter or moulds. Click beetle (Limonius) remains were probably brought into the midden from nearby soil or plant material. The Bull Canyon site contains a midden that dates to 700 ± 80 (WAT-1765) years BP. Pollen and plant macrofossil assemblages are similar to those at the Oregon Jack Creek site. Woodrat middens offer a new dimension in reconstructing Holocene paleoenvironments in the arid interior of British Columbia, in much the same way as they do in the southwest United States.

Microrelief features in a humid tropical lowland area. New Guinea, and their earthworn acctivity

Soil Research ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Sepik River ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Haantjens (1965) has reported patterns of micro-relief on lowland soils bordering the Sepik river floodplain in New Guinea, and has attributed their formation primarily to excavation and heaping of casts by Pheretima tumulifaciens Lee, a large earthworm associated with the micro-relief features. Evidence is presented to show that the micro-relief is probably not due to earthworm activity. It is proposed that the micro-relief results from a combination of wind and water erosion, acting on a landscape partially bared by man-made fires. The association of earthworms with the micro-relief features is probably a necessary ecological adaptation for the survival of a previously forest-dwelling species to the change to grassland induced by fire. The physical and chemical composition of the casts and soil are discussed and evidence is presented to show that the ridges and mounds observed are composed of material from the upper and not from the underlying soil horizons.

Effects of Saline Water from North Dakota Lakes on Survival of Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Embryos and Sac Fry

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Burnham ◽  
J. J. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Saline Lake ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Eggs and sac fry of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were subjected in the laboratory to various dilutions of water obtained from four saline North Dakota lakes; three were sodium sulfate-, one a sodium chloride-type lake. In water from the latter, the percent of fertilized eggs surviving as sac fry for 5 days remained the same as the percent hatched: about 90% at treatment levels of 500 – 12,000 μmho and 68% in undiluted lake water of 18,000 μmho. In sodium sulfate-type water, however, about 92% of the fertilized eggs hatched at treatment levels of 500 up to only 6,000 μmho, with about 82% living as sac fry for 5 days in water from two of the lakes, and only about 54% living for 5 days in dilutions made from the most saline lake (lake water of 25,000 μmho). No sac fry survived for 5 days after hatching in sodium sulfate-type water of 12,000 μmho. From laboratory bioassays and field observations, we estimated sodium sulfate-type water exceeding 8,000 μmho during reproductive periods may decrease survival of sac fry.

scholarly journals COASTAL FLOODING, WAVE OVERTOPPING AND BEACH GROUNDWATER INTERACTIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Timu Gallien ◽  
Marie-Pierre Delisle
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Global Mean

Coastal flooding is a significant humanitarian and socioeconomic hazard (e.g., Nicholls, 2010). Global mean sea levels are expected to rise over the coming century and mean higher high water (MHHW) and mean high water (MHW), peak levels that drive coastal flooding, show upward trends in many locations (Mawdsley et al., 2015). Significant coastal flooding will occur by 2050 (e.g., Tebaldi et al., 2012; Sweet and Park, 2014). Wave overtopping is primary driver of coastal flooding. Low-lying urbanized sand spits, backed by an estuary are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise. Recent field observations suggest distinct feedbacks between wave overtopping, beach groundwater levels and backshore vulnerability.

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