Comparison of cleaning methods on debris, surface roughness and static friction of retrieved stainless steel archwires

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the amount of debris, surface roughness and static friction in retrieved stainless steel (SS) archwires after four weeks of intraoral exposure and afterwards compare the effects of different cleaning methods.METHODS: The sample gathered seventeen as-received and eighty-five retrieved SS archwire segments, which were allocated in cleaning method groups (N=17): retrieved (RT); sodiumbicarbonate jet (SB-jet); ultrasonic cleaner (U-sonic); alcohol soaked gauze (A-gauze); and steel wool sponge (S-wool). Debris (SEM images), surface roughness (rugosimeter) and static friction(universal testing machine) were compared between as-received and retrieved SS wires and between cleaning method groups.RESULTS: Debris and surface roughness were statistically higher in RT wires than in as-received (p<0.001), whereas static friction showed no statistical difference (p>0.05). Debris were significantly lower in groups A-gauze and S-wool than in groups RT, SB-jet and U-sonic (p<0.001). Surface roughness was statistically lower in group S-wool compared to other groups (p<0.001). Static friction showed no statistical difference between cleaning methods (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Retrieved SS archwires showed higher debris and surface roughness than asreceived, after four-weeks intraorally. A-gauze and S-wool were effective cleaning methods to control debris, but only S-wool has reduced surface roughness.

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STUDY OF THE PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 08Kh18N10T STAINLESS STEEL PIPES EXPOSED TO ULTRASOUND UPON DRAWING

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-5-33-37 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

S, M. Nebogov ◽

S. A. Evsyukov ◽

S. N. Svidunovich ◽

Y. Y. Maltsev ◽

A. A. Sobranin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Physicomechanical Properties ◽

Ultra Sound ◽

08Kh18n10t Steel ◽

Steel Pipes

The drawing of pipes exposed to ultrasonic vibrations of radial type and their effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the pipe, as well as on the surface quality is studied. The ultrasonic unit with radial vibrations tested under production conditions is used to study the effect of ultrasound on the residual stresses present after drawing, surface roughness, as well as on the physical and mechanical properties and microdefects of 08Kh18N10T steel pipes. Defects and residual stresses before and after drawing under the effect of ultrasound were analyzed by the method of magnetic memory, using the stress concentration meter TSC-4M-16 with an eight-channel scanning device with four two-component sensors (Type 15). It is shown that the residual stresses decreased by more than two times under the effect of ultrasound. The surface roughness after drawing with ultrasound ranged within Ra = 0.087 - 0.092 µm. The physicomechanical properties were studied in tensile tests on an Instron tensile testing machine (SATEC Series). The yield stress qt was 551, the tensile strength qin — 672 MPa. It is shown that the effect of ultra-sound upon drawing pipes made of 08X18H10T stainless steel enhance their quality through reduction of the surface roughness and improved physicomechanical properties.

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Evaluation of Static Friction of Polycrystalline Ceramic Brackets after Conditioning with Different Powers of Er:YAG Laser

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2015/749616 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valiollah Arash ◽

Saeed Javanmard ◽

Zeinab Eftekhari ◽

Manouchehr Rahmati-Kamel ◽

Mohammad Bahadoram

Keyword(s):

Laser Power ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Frictional Resistance ◽

Static Friction ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Sem Images ◽

Polycrystalline Ceramic ◽

Ceramic Brackets

This research aimed to reduce the friction between the wire and brackets by Er:YAG laser. To measure the friction between the wires and brackets in 0° and 10° of wire angulations, 40 polycrystalline ceramic brackets (Hubit, South Korea) were divided into 8 study groups and irradiated by 100, 200, and 300 mj/s of Er:YAG laser power. Two groups of brackets were not irradiated. The friction between the wires and brackets was measured with universal testing machine (SANTAM) with a segment of .019 × .025 SS wire pulled out of the slot of bracket. ANOVA andt-test were used for analyzing the results. To evaluate the effect of the laser on surface morphology of the bracket, SEM evaluations were carried out. The mean frictional resistances between the brackets and wires with 0° of angulation by increasing the laser power decreased compared with control group, but, in 10° of angulation, the friction increased regardless of the laser power and was comparable to the friction of nonirradiated brackets. Furthermore, with each laser power, frictional resistance of brackets in 10° of angulation was significantly higher than 0° of angulation. These results were explained by SEM images too.

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Effects of Inoculation Level, Material Hydration, and Stainless Steel Surface Roughness on the Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes from Inoculated Bologna to Stainless Steel and High-Density Polyethylene

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1423 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1423-1428 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

ANDRÉS RODRÍGUEZ ◽

WESLEY R. AUTIO ◽

LYNNE A. McLANDSBOROUGH

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Steel Surface ◽

Testing Machine ◽

High Density ◽

Stainless Steel Surface ◽

Material Type ◽

The Absolute

The influence of inoculation level, material hydration, and stainless steel surface roughness on the transfer of Listeria monocytogenes from inoculated bologna to processing surfaces (stainless steel and polyethylene) was assessed. Slices of bologna (14 g) were inoculated with Listeria at different levels, from 105 to 109 CFU/cm2. Transfer experiments were done at a constant contact time (30 s) and pressure (45 kPa) with a universal testing machine. After transfer, cells that had been transferred to sterile stainless steel and polyethylene were removed and counted, and the efficiency of transfer (EOT) was calculated. As the inoculation level increased from 105 to 109 CFU/cm2, the absolute level of transfer increased in a similar fashion. By calculating EOTs, the data were normalized, and the initial inoculation level had no effect on the transfer (P > 0.05). The influence of hydration level on stainless steel, high-density polyethylene, and material type was investigated, and the EOTs ranged from 0.1 to 1 under all the conditions tested. Our results show that transfers to wetted processing surfaces (mean EOT = 0.43) were no different from dried processing surfaces (mean EOT = 0.35) (P > 0.05). Material type was shown to be a significant factor, with greater numbers of Listeria transferring from bologna to stainless steel (mean EOT = 0.49) than from bologna to polyethylene (mean EOT = 0.28) (P < 0.01). Stainless steel with three different surface roughness (Ra) values of <0.8 μm (target Ra = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 μm) and two different finishes (mechanically polished versus mechanically polished and further electropolished) was used to evaluate its effect on the transfer. The surface roughness and finish on the stainless steel did not have any effect on the transfer of Listeria (P > 0.05). Our results showed that when evaluating the transfer of Listeria, the use of EOTs rather than the absolute transfer values is essential to allow comparisons of transfer conditions or comparisons between research groups.

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Effect of 0.05% Sodium Fluoride Mouthwash on Surface Roughness and Friction Between Ceramic Brackets and Rhodium-Coated and Uncoated Stainless Steel Wires

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v16i2.1363 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tahereh HosseinzadehNik ◽

Hannaneh Ghadirian ◽

Tabassom Hooshmand ◽

Mohammad Javad Kharrazi fard ◽

Maryam Nasiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Significance Level ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Before And After ◽

Ceramic Brackets

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthwash on the surface roughness and friction between ceramic brackets and rhodium-coated (RC) and uncoated stainless steel (SS) wires. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 48 maxillary premolar ceramic brackets. Twenty-four pieces of RC-SS wires were used. Samples were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were immersed in artificial saliva, and groups 3 and 4 were immersed in a solution consisting of artificial saliva (9%) and mouthwash (91%). To assess surface roughness, images were obtained from the surface of wires and brackets with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the intervention. To assess friction, the wires were ligated into brackets, and friction was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Friction during sliding in RC wires was significantly less than that in SS wires (P<0.05). Increase in the friction in SS wires by mouthwash was significantly greater compared to RC wires (P<0.05). Surface roughness coefficients of the wires before the intervention were not significantly different. The surface roughness of the wires significantly increased after the intervention and it was greater in SS wires than in RC wires (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the lower friction and surface roughness of SS-RC wires compared to SS wires, SS-RC wires may be a better alternative for use with ceramic brackets.

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The effect of heat treatment on sliding mechanics of stainless steel orthodontic wires

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655464 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. e190285

Author(s):

Suzimara dos Reis Géa Osório ◽

Agenor Osório ◽

Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral ◽

Flávia Martão Flório

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Static Friction ◽

Orthodontic Wires ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Conventional Brackets ◽

Sliding Mechanics ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment (tempering) on the sliding mechanics of stainless steel Chrome Nickel (CrNi) orthodontic wires. Methods: A universal testing machine EMIC DL 2000 was used at a speed of 10 mm/minute for reading-out the sliding strength and friction between brackets and wires, by simulating the sliding mechanics in a fixed orthodontic appliance. The results were submitted to ANOVA variance test for statistical analysis at the level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The results indicated that depending on the type of bracket, wire and type of treatment, the groups without heat treatment showed higher mean static friction values, except for groups with CrNi GAC wire and conventional brackets, which showed no significant difference with and without heat treatment; and the group with self-ligated brackets and CrNi GAC wires that showed the lowest mean static friction values with heat treatment. Conclusion: The heat treatment reduced the static friction values on CrNi Morelli wires for any combination of brackets (conventional and self-ligated types) and commercial brands. For the CrNi GAC wires, there was a reduction in friction values only in the combination with In-Ovation R/GAC self-ligated brackets.

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Long-term effects of various cleaning methods on polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer material

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/060818-429.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 432-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emily Wible ◽

Manika Agarwal ◽

Sibel Altun ◽

Tyler Ramir ◽

Grace Viana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Chemical Cleaning ◽

Sem Images ◽

Ethylene Copolymer ◽

Cleaning Methods

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate long-term light transmittance, surface roughness, and flexural modulus of polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer material after exposure to different cleaning methods. Materials and Methods: Standardized polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer specimens (n = 70, 50.8 mm × 12.7 mm × 1.0 mm) were subjected to seven chemical cleaning solutions: Invisalign cleaning crystals, Retainer Brite, Polident, Listerine mouthwash, 2.5% acetic acid, 0.6% NaClO, and 3% H2O2 for 6 months. The specimens were exposed to the different solutions twice a week for 15 minutes or according to manufacturer's instructions, then stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. Another group of specimens (n = 10) were brushed with a standardized toothbrushing machine for 2 minutes twice a week. At baseline and 6 months, light transmittance, surface roughness, and flexural modulus of the specimens were quantified using spectrophotometry, profilometry and three-point bend testing, respectively. Qualitative analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of .05. Results: The results showed that light transmittance decreased significantly from baseline for all cleaning methods at 6 months. For an individual method, no significant differences were observed between specimens at baseline and 6 months in surface roughness and flexural modulus. No discernible differences in surface features were observed on SEM images. Conclusions: The results indicate that different cleaning methods affect the long-term light transmittance of the studied polypropylene/ethylene copolymer retainer material. However, for an individual cleaning method, no significant differences were shown for surface roughness or flexural modulus values at 6-months compared to baseline.

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Effects of corrosion and cleaning method on taper dimensions: an in vitro investigation

Hip International ◽

10.1177/1120700018825448 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

Ahmad Faizan ◽

Jason Longaray ◽

Jim E Nevelos ◽

Geoffrey H Westrich

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cone Angle ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cleaning Method ◽

In Vitro Investigation ◽

Orthopaedic Literature ◽

Femoral Heads ◽

Measuring Machine ◽

Cleaning Methods

Purpose: Taper corrosion related revisions have recently been reported in the orthopaedic literature. Cleaning procedure of the trunnions during hip revision is not standardised. The purpose of this bench top investigation was to understand the alterations in the trunnion dimensions and surface roughness characteristics as a result of corrosion product build-up. Methods: 8 titanium alloy trunnions and CoCr femoral heads assemblies were cyclically tested in a mechanical simulator. Following disassembly of the tested constructs, the trunnions were cleaned using 2 methods. The trunnion dimensions were measured using coordinate measuring machine, and surface roughness was measured using white light interferometry. The trunnions were reassembled with ceramic femoral heads and titanium sleeves following cleaning. Head/sleeve pull-off testing was conducted to understand the effects of cleaning methods on the pull-off strength. Results: Grade 4 corrosion was observed on all trunnions after mechanical testing. The aggressive cleaning methods had a larger impact on the surface roughness when compared to the light cleaning method. The aggressive cleaning method also decreased the taper cone angle. The pull-off strength was not affected by the cleaning method and the pull-off values were approximately 50% of the assembly loads. Conclusions: The study suggests that trunnion cleaning method may alter the surface roughness and taper cone angle of the existing trunnion. However, the effects of these changes on the pull-off strength did not reach statistical significance. Complex corrosion testing under cyclic loading conditions are warranted to understand the long-term effects of these changes.

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A Study on the Suitability of Mechanical Soft-Abrasive Blasting Methods to Extract Graffiti Paints on Ornamental Stones

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings8100335 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 335 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jose Pozo-Antonio ◽

Laura López ◽

Amelia Dionísio ◽

Teresa Rivas

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Dust Emission ◽

Point Of View ◽

Dry Ice ◽

Cleaning Method ◽

Surface Finishes ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Ornamental Stones ◽

Cleaning Methods ◽

Abrasive Blasting

Mechanical methods to extract undesired graffiti paints on ornamental stones are efficient cleaning methods from an economical point of view. However, effort on the optimization of mechanical cleaning procedures to avoid any damage to the substrate is required for large areas. In this study, two ornamental stones with different composition and texture, and which are commonly used in Spain and Portugal were selected: Granite Vilachán and Limestone Lioz. Moreover, the most common surface finishes were selected-disc-cutting and bush-hammering to simulate the stones found in buildings. Two graffiti spray paints were selected: Blue Ultramarine and Silver Chrome. As cleaning methods, three soft-abrasive blasting procedures: Hydrogommage (mixture of air–water–micro grained silicon abrasive), IBIX (mixture of air–micro grained silicon abrasive), and dry-ice procedure (carbon dioxide ice pellets), were tested at pressure below 0.4 MPa. The methodology for evaluating the effectiveness and harmfulness of each cleaning method was based on stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, color spectrophotometry, and confocal microscopy. As result, IBIX achieved the highest level of graffiti paint extraction although this method increased the surface roughness. Conversely, cleaning based on dry-ice projection did not achieve a satisfactory extraction of the graffiti, mainly of the blue paint. Dry-ice blasting can induce acid environments and IBIX causes dust emission during the projection. Hydrogommage was the most efficient cleaning method amongst the tested procedures, because it induced the lowest roughness change and although the graffiti extraction was not complete, it achieved the highest removal level. Therefore, the most satisfactory cleaning method was that achieving a satisfactory extraction level, minimal modifications of the surface roughness, an economic suitability, an environmental integration, and lower human health risks.

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Influence of ligation method on friction resistance of lingual brackets with different second-order angulations: an in vitro study

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.034-040.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 34-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Graziane Olímpio Pereira ◽

Carla Maria Melleiro Gimenez ◽

Lucas Prieto ◽

Marcos Gabriel do Lago Prieto ◽

Roberta Tarkany Basting

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Frictional Resistance ◽

Static Friction ◽

Second Order ◽

Friction Resistance ◽

Lingual Brackets ◽

Sliding Mechanics

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate stainless steel archwire static friction in active and passive self-ligating lingual and conventional brackets with second-order angulations. Methods: Two conventional lingual brackets for canines (STb light/Ormco; PSWb/Tecnident), and two self-ligating brackets, one active (In-Ovation L/GAC) and the other passive (3D/ Forestadent), were evaluated. A stainless steel archwire was used at 0°, 3° and 5° angulations. Metal ligatures, conventional elastic ligatures, and low friction elastic ligatures were also tested. A universal testing machine applied friction between brackets and wires, simulating sliding mechanics, to produce 2-mm sliding at 3 mm/minute speed. Results: Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant effect of the interaction between brackets and angulations (p < 0.001). Tukey test indicated that the highest frictional resistance values were observed at 5° angulation for In-Ovation L, PSWb bracket with non conventional ligature, and STb bracket with metal ligature. As for 3D, PSWb with conventional or metal ligatures, and STb brackets with non conventional ligature, showed significantly lower static frictional resistance with 0° angulation. At 0° angulation, STb brackets with metal ties, In-Ovation L brackets and 3D brackets had the lowest frictional resistance. Conclusions: As the angulation increased from 0° to 3°, static friction resistance increased. When angulation increased from 3° to 5°, static friction resistance increased or remained the same. Self-ligating 3D and In-Ovation L brackets, as well as conventional STb brackets, seem to be the best option when sliding mechanics is used to perform lingual orthodontic treatment.

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