scholarly journals Forest landscape nomination in the Komi-Permyatsky language

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Anatoly N. Rakin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject

Introduction. The article discusses the nomination of the forest landscape in the Komi-Permyatsky language, a separate microsystem, as a part of the terrestrial landscape vocabulary. It has its own structural organization, certain composition of nomination objects and a specific set of lexical means for their nomination. The purpose of the article is to establish systemic features typical for this category of nomination only, distinguish it from other components of land vocabulary, determine the composition of the vocabulary, systematize this microsystem and identify the sources and main stages of its formation and development. Materials and methods. The main source of the material was the vocabulary of the Komi-Permyatsky language contained in lexicographic publications. Additional data was obtained as a result of a survey of native speakers of the Komi-Permyatsky language using a specially developed questionnaire. It also used comparative, historical, synchronous-comparative, descriptive and statistical research methods. Results and discussion. As a result of the linguistic analysis, a system for the forest landscape nomination in the Komi-Permyatsky language is presented. It is established that unambiguous and ambiguous names are distinguished at the semantic level among nominative units, which, as a rule, have a direct meaning. Based on the subject-conceptual content, the entire set of nominations, in accordance with denotative signs, is classified into six main subgroups. The primordial fund of the microsystem is characterized by the presence of all four components of ancient vocabulary: Pre-Perm, Common Perm, Pracomi and the proper Komi-Permyatsky. A part of the native vocabulary that arose during the period of the independent existence of the Komi-Permyatsky language and which does not have genetic correlations with other related languages is analyzed taking into account the specific features of structural and word-building system. As a classification criterion for monomial tokens, it employs the derivative or non-derivative criteria of the words. For compound names it employs the belongings of the components to the corresponding parts of speech. A foreign vocabulary of Komi-Permyatsky words used for the forest landscape consists of one type of borrowing. Conclusion. The vocabulary of the forest landscape of the Komi-Permyatsky language has ancient origins; its formation and development proceeded over many millennia on the basis of internal resources. The number of borrowings increased in the late periods of the Komi-Permyatsky language as a result of the penetration of the corresponding number of words from the Russian literary language and its northern dialects.

scholarly journals Hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Anatoly N. Rakin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Research ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Introduction. Landscape vocabulary refers to the basic vocabulary of any natural language. It nominates both natural geographical and anthropogenic objects that have arisen as a result of human activity. In accordance with the substantial signs (water, land) as part of the landscape vocabulary, it is possible to distinguish two macrosystems, namely hydro-landscape vocabulary and the vocabulary of the land. Each of these components has its own internal structure, which differ from each other both by composition and quantitative indicators. Materials and Methods. The subject of linguistic analysis in the article is the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language (239 items), which does not refer to the category of proper nouns. These are nominal words that can find in the dictionaries of general vocabulary. The paper employed comparative, historical, synchronously comparative, descriptive and statistical research methods. Results and Discussion. Based on the subject-conceptual content of nominative units, two categories of hydronyms are distinguished and considered in the work. One of them is system-forming or dominant; it represents the designations of the main types of water bodies in a given territory. The second group is concentrated around the dominant units and acts in relation to them as intrasystem formations. The basis of hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language are of primordial origin. Ancient layer of nominative units, consisting of proto-Uralic, proto-Finno-Ugrian, proto-Finno-Permian and proto-Permian words, has genetic correspondence in the Permian, and in the majority of modern Finno-Ugric languages. Later units appeared in the period of independent existence of the language, after its divergence with the closely related Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian languages. The beginning of the formation of a foreign-language component refers to the common-Permian epoch, most of the non-original names are late borrowings that penetrated from the Russian and Turkic languages. Other types of borrowings (Baltic-Finnish, Ob-Ugrian, Samoyed) are not available here. Conclusion. The formation and development of the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language took place for many millennia on the basis of internal resources. Ancient Iranian, Turkic and Russian languages served as external sources of its replenishment.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF PERSONAL-PRONOMINAL WORDS OF SPANISH DISCOURSE IN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT ON THE EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION YO CREO

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Irina Lomakina
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Abstract Form ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Basic Invariant ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Subject

The article deals with the semantic-grammatical construction (Yo) creo, I think, which is used to form the context of evidence and reliability under a certain assumption. The use of the subject, personal-pronominal word of the first person уo, is associated with the contexts of argumentation and the desire to express one's own opinion, and that is why this option focuses on the presence of the speaker, and also concentrates discourse on the personal sphere. On the other hand, the omission of the subject in such a context is more often encountered in cases of the lack of confidence, formulating a hypothesis with assumptions which are usually found in the field of the generalized. But precisely this sociolinguistic variability can also depend on certain cognitive factors. From the cognitive point of view, the verb form сreo has a basic invariant content, although, depending on the context, it can acquire a variety of shades and interpretations. In all studied cases of use the investigated form is characterized by a certain conceptual content: the speaker expresses a part of his knowledge of reality or what is his assumption of reality beyond his knowledge. And vice versa, should be emphasized that there are significant differences at the semantic level between the constructions creo / yo creo. The use or omission of the subject in the investigated statements is not casual, because it correlates with the semantics of the discoursecognitive nature and can be an important stylistic resource of communication. These semantics can be positioned in an abstract form between the subjectivity and the objectivity of the linguistic statement.

scholarly journals LINGUOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE ADVERSE WITH THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN AND WITH THE BASIC LEXEMA OF HUMAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A. Marzhan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

The article is devoted to the linguistic-statistical analysis of nominacentric proverbs of the Kazakh language on the basis of a proverbial collection «Қазақ мақал-мəтелдері» (Kazakh proverbs and sayings, 1990). The collection includes about 2225 proverbs and sayings by thematic classification. Proverbs and sayings of the Kazakh language in this dictionary are of great didactic and educational value both for schoolchildren and for university students, since they assert moral standards (hard work, patriotism, honesty, nobility, courage, etc.) and condemn human vices (laziness, cowardice, greed, etc.). The linguistic-statistical study was carried out (in absolute numbers and percentages). These are nominacentric proverbs with the notion of a person and with the basic lexeme of a person, as well as with words of other parts of speech that convey the meaning of a person (sen (you), erkek (man), ayel (woman), etc.). According to the results of the linguistic-statistical research the quantitative dominance of one group of proverbs over the proverbs of other groups demonstrates not only their statistical characteristics, but also qualitative (semantic and stylistic) properties.They are used more often in the speech of native speakers compared to proverbs characterized by low quantitative characteristics. In the process of conducting scientific analysis linguistic-statistical, semantic-stylistic methods, as well as the method of theoretical description were used.

nr="309"Innere Sicherheit, Sprache und Biographie. : Eine biographietheoretische Perspektive auf einen komplexen Zusammenhang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-325
Author(s):  
Nadja Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Innere Sicherheit

Zusammenfassung Im Kontext der zunehmenden Versicherheitlichung von Migration, deren Bedeutung auch für sprachliche Bildung im Kontext nationaler und globaler Sicherheitsagenden diskutiert wird, werden bestimmte Gruppen von Migrant*innen als Sicherheitsbedrohung konstruiert. Die Instrumentalisierung von Sprache für Identitätspolitik, die im Konzept von Sprache als ,Schlüssel zur Integration‘ besonders deutlich wird und unter Rückgriff auf Sprachideologien erklärt werden kann, bleibt nicht ohne Folgen für Angehörige minorisierter Gruppen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was ,innere Sicherheit‘ für Student*innen bedeutet, denen zugeschrieben wird, keine ,native speaker‘ zu sein. Den Bezugspunkt der ,inneren Sicherheit‘ bildet dabei nicht der Nationalstaat, sondern das Subjekt. Aus einer biographieanalytischen Perspektive wird rekonstruiert, mit welchen (Un-)Sicherheitsdimensionen die Subjekte an der Universität und in Hinblick auf ihre beruflichen Pläne konfrontiert sind, wie Sicherheit und Sprache biographisch eingebettet sind und welche Strategien und Wege die Student*innen (nicht) nutzen (können), um ihre Sicherheitsspielräume zu erweitern.Abstract: In light of the increasing securitization of migration, language education is discussed as part of national and global security agendas, and certain groups of migrants have been constructed as a security threat. The instrumentalization of language for identity politics is particularly evident in the concept of language as a ‘key to integration’ and can be explained with language ideologies. These ideologies are not without consequences for members of minoritized groups. The article at hand explores the meaning of ‘internal security’ for university students who are not considered ‘native speakers’. The reference point of ‘internal security’ is not the nation state, but the subject. From a biographical-analytical perspective, the article reconstructs dimensions of security and insecurity which the subjects confront at university with regard to their professional aims. It will explore how the connection between security and language is embedded in their biographies, as well as the strategies and pathways students can and cannot use to expand their security scope.

scholarly journals Using English Movie with Delay and Non Delay Subtitle to Improve Listening Skill

LETS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muh. Ikhlasul Amal ◽  
Syahdan ◽  
Risal Pandi ◽  
Halid M ◽  
Arialdi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Listening Skill ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Learning

The aim of the study was  to  analyze  and  describe  the  process of  improving students’ listening skill for eleventh grade students of MAN 1 Majene, West Sulawesi Province through  watching English movies. The subject of this research is XI Agama 2 Class that consisted of 16 students. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which the writer works  collaboratively with the English teacher. The results in this study indicate that there  was  improvement of the students’ skill listening. Most of the students gradually gained good scores at the end of the cycle. The data were collected from a questionnaire, observation note of performance, pre-test and post-test. The study was conducted with cycle model through the steps of planning, conducting, observation, and reflection. The results of this study show a significant relationship between students' learning by English movie with delay subtitle related to their listening skills as shown in their improvement of post- test and positive responses of students than  E nglish movie  with not delay. The questionnaire shows that more than 75% students felt easy to understand listening materials from native speakers. Consequently, it was suggested that teaching learning process using English movie with English subtitle is recommended  into  learning  process  to  improve students' listening skills in English language classroom. In conclusion, watching English movie can improve students listening skill.

scholarly journals The location of the adverbial modifier in the modern Erzya and Finnish languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Evgeniya N. Muhina ◽  
Tatiyana N. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
A Minor

The syntactic system in the Erzya and Finnish languages in comparative terms still remains insufficiently studied, in particular, regarding the syntactic location of such a minor part of a sentence as adverbial modifier. The relevance of the research topic is conditioned by the fact that in the Erzya and Finnish languages the location of adverbial modifiers depends not only on the purpose of the sentence and the part they refer to, but also on the parts of speech. The purpose of the work is to characterize and compare the location of adverbial modifier in the languages. The subject is the location of the adverbial modifier in the modern Erzya and Finnish languages. The material of the study was the adverbial modifiers in the Finno-Ugric languages in simple and complex sentences. In the course of the study, a comparative method was used. The research showed the following facts: from several adverbial modifier of time, the first place in the sentence is given to the adverbial modifier indicating a longer time period and the second one is to the adverbial modifier defining the former. If several adverbial modifiers are combined in one sentence, the adverbial modifier of time goes first, then there is an adverbial modifier of place. In the studied languages, adverbial modifiers of manner, place, time, purpose can be found at the beginning of the sentence, and at the end.

scholarly journals New phraseology in modern communicative space (to the question of replenishment of the corpus of chunks of language by phraseologisms with a component “electronic”)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Oksana Evgen'evna Chernova ◽  
Aleksandra Anatol'evna Osipova ◽  
Dar'ya Sergeevna Buzhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Electronic Journal ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Electronic Textbook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Communicative Space

Phraseological corpus of Russian language of the late XX – early XXI centuries has been enriched with multiple phraseological units. The subject of this research became neophraseologisms with “electronic” as the key component, actively used in modern publicistic discourse (electronic book, electronic textbook, electronic journal, electronic wallet, electronic library, and others). In Russia, the system of gradual fixation of emergence of new suprawords linguistic units did not form, thus composers of even the modern phraseological dictionaries include neologisms carefully, “sparsely”, often without due “linkage” to time and circumstances of their emergence, not fully answering the needs of a modern user. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that there is a need to conduct linguistic qualification and dictionary description of the Russian phraseological neologisms, emerged in the conditions of “digital pivot” of culture and formation of global communicative space. Abundance of supraword neologisms, which sensitively react to all changes in the life of society, is connected to a number of causes. On the one hand, on the background of geopolitical “redivisions” came drastic changes in the sociopolitical and socioeconomic life of the Russian native speakers. On the other hand, modern humanity is undergoing civilizational changes, caused by the “digital pivot” as coined by the renowned Polish phraseologist Wojciech Chlebda, driving formation of a global information network.

scholarly journals Aspects of Ergonyms Perception and Understanding in Cross-Cultural Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kharchenko ◽  
◽  
Shu Man ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The City

The article describes aspects of perception and understanding of Russian ergonyms by native speakers of Russian and Chinese. The issue under study is of great relevance due to the increase in cross-cultural contacts, the tendency for the free travelling between the countries and the formation of a multicultural environment in cities. The modern metropolis is increasingly becoming a place of residence for representatives of different linguistic cultures, so we decided to check how successfully modern ergonyms perform their main function, i.e. help residents and guests of the city navigate in space. The aim of the study is to identify the universal and specific features in the perception and understanding of ergonyms by the representatives of different linguistic cultures. The study object is the perception and understanding of a proper name, with the subject being the strategies of ergonyms perception and understanding. The article describes a survey of Russian and Chinese students who were asked to determine the organization’s field of activity by its name. The experiment consisted of two stages: at the first stage, only a word was presented, while at the second one - the word and the photo of the sign. As a result, the main ways of identifying ergonyms were identified.

scholarly journals The role of title and epigraph in the essay “The Vision of Mirza” by Joseph Addison

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Iurievna Makarova Liudmila
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Joseph Addison ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject

The object of this research is the essay “The Vision of Mirza” by Joseph Addison. The relevance of studying J. Addison's essay is substantiated by undue attention to his works in the Russian literary studies, as well as the need for tracing the dynamics in the genre of vision in the Age of Enlightenment. The subject of this research is the title and epigraph as parts of the work that determine its structure and artistic distinctness. Analysis is conducted on the images of the viewer, visionary hero, and his guide, chronotope of the essay and allusive links. The essay is based on the combination of systemic-structural, comparative-historical, and hermeneutic methods. The novelty consists in the fact that the comprehensive examination of the role of the title ensemble within the structure of the essay allows reconstructing the link of the essay with the traditions of the medieval genre of vision manifested in the traditional topic and consistent motifs, imagery system, space and time arrangement, and dialogical structure of the text. The author provides interpretation to the allusive links between J. Addison's essay and Greco-Roman mythology, epic poem “The Aeneid” by Virgil, and psalms from the New Testament, and “The Voyage of St. Brendan”. It is established that the dialogue set by the epigraph passes through the entire plotline of the essay and reveal the characters of its participants. The extensively presented Christian theme alongside the images from ancient mythology and Virgil’s texts are essential for the author to express the enlightening program.

A defense of the Voice of Competence

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Georges Rey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Substantial Experimental Evidence

Michael Devitt has argued against the view that the intuitive verdicts on which linguists routinely rely result from a special “Voice of Competence” (VoC) whereby the spontaneous intuitions of native speakers provide special evidence of their internal representation of the phonology and syntax of their I-language. This chapter defends VoC by analogizing it to the spontaneous reactions of subjects in vision experiments that provide special evidence of the representations in their visual systems, an analogy for which there is substantial experimental evidence but that requires a number of distinctions that Devitt overlooks, e.g. between a grammar and a parser and between conceptual and non-conceptual content. Moreover, it is argued that his alternative model of speakers’ reactions in terms of sentences merely “having” rather than representing properties fails to explain how those properties might be integrated into a speaker’s psychology so that that speaker ineluctably “hears” her language as language, with all the constraints that language imposes.

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