scholarly journals Stalingrad in the late 1920s – early 1930s: Population, Housing and Communal services, City Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Furman ◽  
Andrei V. Lunochkin ◽  
Taisiya V. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

Introduction. The implementation of large-scale projects to improve Volgograd in modern conditions actualizes the appeal to the experience of modernization in the past years and, in particular, to the active transformation of the urban environment at the first stage of the socialist reconstruction of the national economy in Stalingrad. The article identifies a range of problems in the housing and communal sector and the welfare of the city, methods and conditions for their resolution. Materials and Methods. The study is based on both general scientific and concrete historical methods. In the process, the authors draw on unpublished sources storing in the fund documents representing the new and recent history of the Volgograd region and representing materials of paperwork documentation of local authorities. Results. In the late 1920s – early 1930s. Stalingrad survived the first stage of socialist reconstruction, during which a huge number of industrial enterprises appeared, which were reconstructed, new industrial facilities were launched – the flagships of the first five-year plan. Problems of development of housing and communal services, transport, the delivery of new tasks in the framework of urban improvement, which will operate during the 1930s systemically resolved. Conclusion. Despite the priority goals of industrial modernization, in the conditions of the rapid growth of the urban population, all the necessary resources were provided to the population of the city to expand the housing stock, develop communal services, and transport. Along with the development of industry, the problem of employment has been resolved.

scholarly journals Historical and Architectural Heritage of Volgograd: Iconic Objects of the Square of Fallen Fighters of Pre-War and War Stalingrad

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
Irina Litvinova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Karagodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Introduction. The article analyzes the history of the creation of architectural objects surrounding the main square of the city – the Square of Fallen Fighters in the pre-war period of 1928–1938. The sequence of development of the square with new buildings of the era of “industrial constructivism”, as well as the reconstruction of houses built in Tsaritsyn, is covered in detail. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The authors pay attention to the facts related to solving the problems of transforming pre-war Stalingrad into a “socialist city” – the center of industry and culture in the Lower Volga region. Separate events of the first period of the assault on Stalingrad related to the defense of iconic buildings in the central part of the city, which turned into nodes of resistance of the Soviet troops in the September street battles, are considered. Buildings and structures of the pre-war period of the city’s life that represented the appearance of the urban environment of Stalingrad, including the Square of Fallen Fighters, were forever lost to posterity. The purpose of the work is to analyze the historical architectural features of the main square and the surrounding area for subsequent computer modeling of the lost historical and cultural objects of pre-war Stalingrad based on the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. This approach to the historical heritage, which the city lost during the years of harsh atheistic propaganda and war, is partly able to recreate for contemporaries and subsequent generations various stages of life in Volgograd, with a characteristic appearance and features that reflect the characteristics of the city’s environment. Historical and analytical material is necessary for compositional modeling, which will allow reconstructing architectural objects of pre-war Stalingrad for further research and use in the development of a virtual tour.

scholarly journals Conflicts of Memory. Street Demonstrations During the Celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the Defense of Lviv (1905) and the University of Jan Kazimierz (1912)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Nazar Kis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
National Interests ◽  
National Myth ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

The events of the 17th century, the anniversaries of which took place in Lviv at the beginning of the 20th century, are well-known, researched and even significant. Moreover, they are still used to promote historical policy. The siege of Lviv is part of the Ukrainian national canon of national liberation struggle. And the date of the founding of Lviv University in 1661 (which was enshrined in the literature during the anniversary described in the article) is officially considered the beginning of the history of Ivan Franko Lviv University. At the same time, less attention is paid to how these stories became part of the collective memory in the early twentieth century, as well as a tool in political confrontation. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the 21st century their relevance in historical politics has not diminished. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how history is instrumentalized by politicians to mobilize their electorate. In this case, these are two examples: the history of the conflict, as in the case of the siege, and the history against the background of the conflict, when an ancient event serves as an argument in opposition to the university. In both situations, "defenders of historical truth" cooperate with "defenders of national interests." The methodological basis of the study comprises the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics. General scientific and special research methods were used in solving the set tasks: historiographical analysis, generalization, quantitative, chronological, retrospective. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the state of study of the issue in modern historiography and comparison of existing data with the available evidence of the time. Conclusions. The commemoration of the anniversary of the siege of Lviv by Bohdan Khmelnytsky's troops in 1655 and the founding of Lviv University in 1661 were a consequence of what local Polish politicians called "the discovery of a forgotten history." When an event from the past (since the time of the divided Rzeczpospolita - Commonwealth) became the basis for the formation of a national myth. Thus, the siege of Lviv became an example of the loyalty of the Lviv citizens to the ideals of the Commonwealth, and Joseph’s University became the University of Jan Kasimierz. A side effect of this "discovery of history" was the intensification of interethnic conflicts. Under the influence of revolutionary events in Russia, tensions only increased, and newspapers abounded with calls to "show" opponents who ruled in the city. And such cases of street demonstrations occurred periodically.

scholarly journals A Survey on Edge Performance Benchmarking

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Blesson Varghese ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
David Bermbach ◽  
Cheol-Ho Hong ◽  
Eyal De Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
History Of

Edge computing is the next Internet frontier that will leverage computing resources located near users, sensors, and data stores to provide more responsive services. Therefore, it is envisioned that a large-scale, geographically dispersed, and resource-rich distributed system will emerge and play a key role in the future Internet. However, given the loosely coupled nature of such complex systems, their operational conditions are expected to change significantly over time. In this context, the performance characteristics of such systems will need to be captured rapidly, which is referred to as performance benchmarking, for application deployment, resource orchestration, and adaptive decision-making. Edge performance benchmarking is a nascent research avenue that has started gaining momentum over the past five years. This article first reviews articles published over the past three decades to trace the history of performance benchmarking from tightly coupled to loosely coupled systems. It then systematically classifies previous research to identify the system under test, techniques analyzed, and benchmark runtime in edge performance benchmarking.

Re-membering Syria’s Traumatic Past: Gender, Poetics, and Loss in Manhal al-Sarrāj’s As a River Should

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 202-227
Author(s):  
Linda Istanbulli
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traumatic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Abstract In a system where the state maintains a monopoly over historical interpretation, aesthetic investigations of denied traumatic memory become a space where the past is confronted, articulated, and deemed usable both for understanding the present and imagining the future. This article focuses on Kamā yanbaghī li-nahr (As a river should) by Manhal al-Sarrāj, one of the first Syrian novels to openly break the silence on the “1982 Hama massacre.” Engaging the politics and poetics of trauma remembrance, al-Sarrāj places the traumatic history of the city of Hama within a longer tradition of loss and nostalgia, most notably the poetic genre of rithāʾ (elegy) and the subgenre of rithāʾ al-mudun (city elegy). In doing so, Kamā yanbaghī li-nahr functions as a literary counter-site to official histories of the events of 1982, where threatened memory can be preserved. By investigating the intricate relationship between armed conflict and gender, the novel mourns Hama’s loss while condemning the violence that engendered it. The novel also makes new historical interpretations possible by reproducing the intricate relationship between mourning, violence, and gender, dislocating the binary lines around which official narratives of armed conflicts are typically constructed.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals Evolution of word meanings through metaphorical mapping: Systematicity over the past millennium.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Barbara Claire Malt ◽  
Mahesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Compact Set ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cognitive Principles ◽  
Metaphorical Mapping ◽  
Past Millennium

One way that languages are able to communicate a potentially infinite set of ideas through a finite lexicon is by compressing emerging meanings into words, such that over time, individual words come to express multiple, related senses of meaning. We propose that overarching communicative and cognitive pressures have created systematic directionality in how new metaphorical senses have developed from existing word senses over the history of English. Given a large set of pairs of semantic domains, we used computational models to test which domains have been more commonly the starting points (source domains) and which the ending points (target domains) of metaphorical mappings over the past millennium. We found that a compact set of variables, including externality, embodiment, and valence, explain directionality in the majority of about 5000 metaphorical mappings recorded over the past 1100 years. These results provide the first large-scale historical evidence that metaphorical mapping is systematic, and driven by measurable communicative and cognitive principles.

scholarly journals It’s All in the Reading

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Déirdre Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

It seems inherent in the nature of contemporary artist’s book production to continue to question the context for the genre in contemporary art practice, notwithstanding the medium’s potential for dissemination via mass production and an unquestionable advantage of portability for distribution. Artists, curators and editors operating in this sector look to create contexts for books in a variety of imaginative ways, through exhibition, commission, installations, performance and, of course as documentation. Broadening the discussion of the idea of the book within contemporary art practice, this paper examines the presence and role of book works within the context of the art biennale, in particular the Venice Art Biennale of which the 58th iteration (2019) is entitled ‘May You Live In Interesting Times’ and curated by Ralph Rugoff, with an overview of the independent International cultural offerings and the function of the ‘Book Pavilion’. Venetian museums and institutions continue to present vibrant diverse works within the arena of large-scale exhibitions, recognising the position that the book occupies in the history of the city. This year, the appearance for the first time, of ‘Book Biennale’, opens up a new and interesting dialogue, taking the measure of how the book is being promoted and its particular function for visual communication within the arts in Venice and beyond.

William Bulloch, 1868 - 1941

1941 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-852
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
London Hospital ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

William Bulloch, Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology in the University of London and Consulting Bacteriologist to the London Hospital since his retirement in 1934, died on n February 1941, in his old hospital, following a small operation for which he had been admitted three days before. By his death a quite unique personality is lost to medicine, and to bacteriology an exponent whose work throughout the past fifty years in many fields, but particularly in the history of his subject, has gained for him wide repute. Bulloch was born on 19 August 1868 in Aberdeen, being the younger son of John Bulloch (1837-1913) and his wife Mary Malcolm (1835-1899) in a family of two sons and two daughters. His brother, John Malcolm Bulloch, M.A., LL.D. (1867-1938), was a well-known journalist and literary critic in London, whose love for his adopted city and its hurry and scurry was equalled only by his passionate devotion to the city of his birth and its ancient university. On the family gravestone he is described as Critic, Poet, Historian, and indeed he was all three, for the main interest of his life outside his profession of literary critic was antiquarian, genealogical and historical research, while in his earlier days he was a facile and clever fashioner of verse and one of the founders of the ever popular Scottish Students’ Song Book .

scholarly journals The Historical Landscape: Evoking the Past in a Landscape for the Future in the Cheonggyecheon Reconstruction in South Korea

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Eyun Jennifer Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Park Design ◽  
The City

As cities become increasingly de-industrialized and emphasize building a sustainable future, we have seen an increase in the design of large-scale landscapes being incorporated into the urban fabric. The reconstruction of the Cheonggyecheon stream and park in Seoul, South Korea, is an example of this phenomenon. Since its completion in 2005, the city of Seoul has promoted the project as a restoration of its history and recreation of a collective memory of the site and historic stream from its geographic origins. However, this narrative of historic rebirth of a stream raises questions of authenticity, the selective emphasis of one history over another, and how this transformation of Seoul’s built environment may change the identity of the city’s culture and society. Using a mixture of direct observations of the park design, activities, and events held at the site, and interviews with project designers and former Seoul Metropolitan Government staff who worked on the project and Cheonggyecheon park visitors, this research examines the reconstruction of the Cheonggyecheon as simultaneously a recovery of and break with the past, and the representation of Seoul’s history, memory, and culture as performative functions of the design of the landscape and its activities. In the process, this new landscape offers a rewriting of the past and memory of the city as it redefines the identity of the city for its present and future.

A Critical Period in American Catholicism

1973 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
Madison Avenue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Area Of Study

Historians are fond of looking back over the panorama of the past and writing about periods of cultural change that altered the continuity of history. The age of discovery and the rise of the city are phrases that describe such pivotal epochs. These are not Madison Avenue-inspired book titles, but legitimate interpretative descriptions of past ages that provide a key to understanding the development of American civilization. Although the history of American Catholicism does not lend itself to such epochal descriptions, interpretative concepts are applicable in this area of study as well and they can provide useful keys to the analysis of the past.

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