scholarly journals Historical and Architectural Heritage of Volgograd: Iconic Objects of the Square of Fallen Fighters of Pre-War and War Stalingrad

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
Irina Litvinova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Karagodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Introduction. The article analyzes the history of the creation of architectural objects surrounding the main square of the city – the Square of Fallen Fighters in the pre-war period of 1928–1938. The sequence of development of the square with new buildings of the era of “industrial constructivism”, as well as the reconstruction of houses built in Tsaritsyn, is covered in detail. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The authors pay attention to the facts related to solving the problems of transforming pre-war Stalingrad into a “socialist city” – the center of industry and culture in the Lower Volga region. Separate events of the first period of the assault on Stalingrad related to the defense of iconic buildings in the central part of the city, which turned into nodes of resistance of the Soviet troops in the September street battles, are considered. Buildings and structures of the pre-war period of the city’s life that represented the appearance of the urban environment of Stalingrad, including the Square of Fallen Fighters, were forever lost to posterity. The purpose of the work is to analyze the historical architectural features of the main square and the surrounding area for subsequent computer modeling of the lost historical and cultural objects of pre-war Stalingrad based on the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. This approach to the historical heritage, which the city lost during the years of harsh atheistic propaganda and war, is partly able to recreate for contemporaries and subsequent generations various stages of life in Volgograd, with a characteristic appearance and features that reflect the characteristics of the city’s environment. Historical and analytical material is necessary for compositional modeling, which will allow reconstructing architectural objects of pre-war Stalingrad for further research and use in the development of a virtual tour.

scholarly journals Stalingrad in the late 1920s – early 1930s: Population, Housing and Communal services, City Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Furman ◽  
Andrei V. Lunochkin ◽  
Taisiya V. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

Introduction. The implementation of large-scale projects to improve Volgograd in modern conditions actualizes the appeal to the experience of modernization in the past years and, in particular, to the active transformation of the urban environment at the first stage of the socialist reconstruction of the national economy in Stalingrad. The article identifies a range of problems in the housing and communal sector and the welfare of the city, methods and conditions for their resolution. Materials and Methods. The study is based on both general scientific and concrete historical methods. In the process, the authors draw on unpublished sources storing in the fund documents representing the new and recent history of the Volgograd region and representing materials of paperwork documentation of local authorities. Results. In the late 1920s – early 1930s. Stalingrad survived the first stage of socialist reconstruction, during which a huge number of industrial enterprises appeared, which were reconstructed, new industrial facilities were launched – the flagships of the first five-year plan. Problems of development of housing and communal services, transport, the delivery of new tasks in the framework of urban improvement, which will operate during the 1930s systemically resolved. Conclusion. Despite the priority goals of industrial modernization, in the conditions of the rapid growth of the urban population, all the necessary resources were provided to the population of the city to expand the housing stock, develop communal services, and transport. Along with the development of industry, the problem of employment has been resolved.

scholarly journals High Voltage of the City: The Development of Siberian Historical Urban Studies in the Works of an Irkutsk Historian (to the 70th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor Vadim Shakherov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-751
Author(s):  
Natalya Gavrilova ◽  
Irina Dameshek ◽  
Sofia Kuras
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
State University ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Research Career ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City

The article provides the analysis of the main stages in the research career of the famous historian, urbanist and expert in the history of Siberian entrepreneurship, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V. Shakherov. The evolution of the scholar’s scientific interests is highlighted in the text. The author outlines the main areas of the scientist’s research: studying the role of the city in building economic and socio-cultural environment of Siberia in the period from the 18th to the early 20th century, history of merchant class and entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia, history of banking and credit system of the region, historic and cultural monuments of Siberia. The article presents the analysis of Shakherov’s major works, which reflect his contribution to the development of Siberian studies. Special attention is paid to his scientific, pedagogical and social activity aimed at preserving historical heritage of Irkutsk. The author of the article emphasizes that the research career of V. Shakherov and History Faculty of Irkutsk State University are tightly connected.

scholarly journals Primeras jornadas sobre patrimonio histórico educativo “Pensar y sentir la escuela”

2013 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Mtra. Martha De Jesús Portilla León
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Heritage Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Cultura Escolar ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

La reseña que presento aborda los contenidos expuestos acerca de la cultura escolar y el patrimonio histórico educativo durante las Primeras Jornadas sobre Patrimonio Histórico Educativo realizadas en la ciudad de Zamora, España. Este evento fue convocado por la Universidad de Salamanca, campus Viriato, bajo la coordinación del Centro Museo Pedagógico (CEMUPE) y reunió a algunos de los más destacados especialistas en el campo de la Historia de la Educación en España. Las ponencias que se presentaron sirven de referente teórico para los trabajos en torno a los cuadernos escolares, la cultura material e inmaterial de la escuela y los museos pedagógicos.AbstractThe present review discusses the contents on school culture and historical heritage education exposed during the First Conference on Historical Heritage Education held  in the city of Zamora, Spain. This event was organized by the University of Salamanc, Viriato campus, under the coordination of the Pedagogical Museum Center (CEMUPE) and brought together some of the leading specialists in the field of History of Education in Spain. The papers presented provide a theoretical reference for the work around school exercise books, the tangible and intangible culture of the school and pedagogical museums.Recibido: 14 de noviembre de 2012Aceptado: 28 de noviembre de 2012

scholarly journals COLLECTIVIZATION OF ZHYTOMYR REGION AGRICULTURE (A STUDY OF GOLISHI AND MAIDAN VILLAGES OF OLEVSK DISTRICT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurylchuk
Keyword(s):  
State Archive ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Local Research ◽  
Comprehensive Study

At the current stage of historical heritage realization the problems of political and economic transformations in Zhytomyr region during the late 1920s mid–1930s require systematic review. The significance of the study is determined by the scope of numerous problems as well as immensely vast study material available. Hundreds of thousands of cases in state repositories and archives are still not introduced into scientific circulation due to the lack of national, regional and local research directions. That is why a detailed analysis of implementation methods and collectivization consequences in Olevsk district villages is of major importance for a comprehensive study of the region history and the country as a whole. To conduct our investigation we have used general scientific and special historical methods such as comparative-historical and critical, generalization and systematization, problem-chronological, biographical, archive heuristics, statistical and analytical methods, and others. The study presents the documentary material from the State Archives of Zhytomyr region and Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The article provides the analysis of some archival criminal investigations and focuses on the fates of some Olevsky district residents. Information capabilities of the specified number of documents for the study of collectivization, political repressions against the richest rural representatives and those who tried to resist the existing regime are highlighted.

EXPLORATION OF THE EASTERN GATE AND FORTRESS WALLS OF THE MEDIEVAL CITY OF SYGANAK

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
K ZHETIBAYEV ◽  
B SYZDYKOV ◽  
M BAKHTYBAYEV ◽  
M GURSOY
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Syr Darya

The article, based on medieval historical sources and research conducted on the medieval city of Sygnak, provides a brief overview of the role and significance of the city in the history of the Kazakh nation.One of the major centers on the Great Silk Road, the most important city on the Syr Darya, Sygnak has long been a well-developed culture, economy, crafts and trade, agriculture and cattle breeding.In the XI–XIII centuries it was known as one of the centers of the Kypchak Khanate, in the XIV–XV centuries it was the capital of Ak Orda, and in the XV–XVI centuries it was the capital of the Kazakh Khanate, becoming the political and economic center of the khanate. The defensive system of the medieval city of Sygnak, including the fortified walls with gates, has not been sufficiently studied, therefore, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the city's defensive system and introduce it into scientific circulation.The article examines the results of archaeological research carried out at the medieval settlement of Syganak, analyzes the architectural features of the eastern gates and fortress walls of the city, manufacturing technology and building materials. In addition, a comparative analysis of the Signak gate with the gates of medieval cities in the region was carried out and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. Based on field data obtained during the excavations, the chronology of the eastern gate and fortress walls was determined.

THE FALL OF SAWAHLUNTO (Studi tentang Pengaruh Gejolak Ekonomi-Politik Global terhadap Perkembangan sebuah Kota Lokal, 1930-1940an)

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Dedi Arsa
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

Sawahlunto is a mining town that enjoyed the glory due to coal exploitation by the Dutch colonial government which began in the 1880s. But in the early 1930s to the end of the 1940s, triggered by successive world economic crises (malaise) and various political upheavals during and some time after the Pacific War, this city has experienced a number of long downturns. This paper looks at the effect of economic decline and political turmoil on a city, in this case the City of Sawahlunto as a mining city. Using modern historical methods (historiography, interpretation, interpretation and writing), with an approach to the history of the city, this article reveals several things: First, in the 1930s, due to the world's crisis, coal production was dimming, this caused no new development of the city. Second, in 1942 the Pacific War took place, Japan ruled over the mining company, and Sawahlunto became worse off. Third, after Indonesia gained its independence until the end of the 1960s, Sawalunto did not receive significant improvements, except for a few rebuilt infrastructures. Thus, economic sluggishness and political riot at the global [and national] level have had a direct influence on a city at the local level.

scholarly journals ZHYTOMYR NEWSPAPER “THE VOICE OF VOLYN” IN THE GERMAN INFORMATION SPACE (OCTOBER 1941-1943)

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Sergii Stelnykovych
Keyword(s):  
Information Space ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Historical Methods

This paper aims to consider the newspaper “Voice of Volyn”, published in Zhytomyr in 1941-1943, as part of the German information space during the Second World War. The methodology of the study incorporates general scientific and special historical methods alongside with the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to the complex representation of the history of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the discussed issue considering the objective historical regularities based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has allowed to obtain a holistic picture of the Zhytomyr newspaper “Voice of Volyn" as a component of the German information space on the occupied territory of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the paper is conditioned by the fact that it is the first research discussing the history of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” in the context of the German information space in 1941-1943 on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The author concludes that the activities of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” can be divided into two periods: from October to the second half of November 1941, and from the second half of November 1941 until the end of the Nazi occupation. At the first stage, under the German military administration, the newspaper was controlled by the representatives of the independence movement, who exploited the newspaper to promote their own ideas. In the second stage, after the establishment of the German civil authorities, the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” was deprived of the independence movement’s influence and turned into an important information and propaganda press organ of the occupation authorities. The newspaper “Voice of Volyn” represented three directions of German propaganda: anti-Soviet propaganda; anti-Jewish propaganda; and propaganda aimed at supporting the occupation economic activities.

scholarly journals WAYS OF ARCHITECTURAL REVALUATION OF ARCHITECTURAL SUBSTANCE IN THE HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Larisa Skoryk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
British Art ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Abstract. The multifaceted problem of the relationship between the old and the new in the structure of cities subject to reconstructive transformation covers not only the range of tasks for the integration of historically composed and new buildings, but also a number of ambiguous issues of architectural revaluation of historical architectural and urban planning substance. lost elements to improve the aesthetic value of the urban environment and further preserve its integrity. If the solution of issues of urban coherence of historical and new buildings is based on the variability of the respective location in the urban structure of urban formation, the ways of architectural revaluation are based on the principles of volumetric and tectonic perfection of historical substance. ensembles, often by means of finely tempered harmonization of old and new architectural solutions (Hereditary development of compositional and spatial features of the city center). European urbanism of the twentieth century. He also knows cases of architectural revaluation of large urban complexes, such as in the process of restoration after the military destruction of the historic areas of Warsaw and Gdansk, where the problem of restoring the architectural integrity of buildings was combined with issues of restoration, reconstruction, modernization and necessary rehabilitation. on the legitimacy of such revaluation measures, which were not based on the restoration of authentic historical heritage, but in fact on its reproduction "from the ground up", based not only on scientifically sound materials, but often on architectural conjecture, method of analogues, etc. The controversy over the architectural revaluation of historic buildings began in the late nineteenth century, when the issues of conservation and restoration in a set of reconstructive urban planning tasks began to require immediate resolution. Renowned British art critic John Ruskin, reacting sharply to the imperfections of restoration work that led to significant distortions and even distortions of valuable historical substance in various countries, said: «Reproduction from nothing of something that was once great and beautiful in architecture is as impossible as return to life…» (Рёскин 81–82).

scholarly journals T. G. Masaryk and the Ukrainian Question in the Documents of the Representation of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kravchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Support ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Foreign Ministers ◽  
Historical Methods

The purpose of the article is to analyze the representation’s report of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague on the attitude of the president of Czechoslovakia T. G. Masaryk to the Ukrainian question. The research methodology is based on the research principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, general scientific methods (source analysis, historical and logical) and special historical methods (narrative and problem-chronological). The scientific novelty of the work is that the article on the basis of archival and published materials, in particular, the letters of the heads of the representation of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic in Prague to the foreign ministers of the state, analyzes the attitude of the first president of Czechoslovakia to the Ukrainian question. Conclusions. Masaryk’s attitude to the Ukrainian question is considered in the context of establishing relations between Czechoslovakia and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in late 1918 – early 1919, the desire of ones in 1920-1923 to gain the support of Prague in ensuring the recognition of the Entente countries the independence of this state, discussion of the case of assisting for Ukrainian emigrants in Czechoslovakia. In the article were noted the changes in the position of the Czechoslovak president in the Ukrainian question. In his work «New Europe» (1918), he supported the idea of the uniting of the Dnieper region, Eastern Galicia and Bukovina considering it necessary to preserve it as part of the federal democratic Russian state. In early 1919 president of the Czechoslovak Republic was ready to recognize the independence of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, which was revived during the anti-Hetman uprising. But made the final decision dependent on the position of the Entente states at the peace conference in Paris. The coverage of the perception of the Ukrainian question by T. G. Masaryk in 1920-1921 by the representatives of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague testifies to his return to the concept set forth in the work «New Europe». Reports from representatives of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic allow a more complete study of the circumstances that made it impossible for it to gain political support from Czechoslovakia. Given this, as well as the issues of the Czechoslovak Republic’s policy in Transcarpathia and on emigration were raised in the reports of the representation, these documents are an important source for studying the history of Czechoslovak-Ukrainian relations.

scholarly journals Evgeny Chernousov – Byzantine Scholar (by the 150th Anniversary of his Birth)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Simple Description ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

In December 2019 is the 150th anniversary of the birth of Yevgen Olexandrovich Chernousov (1869–?), a well-known representative of Kharkov Byzantine studies and Antiquity, a privat-docent (1909–1917), and a full-docent (1917–1918) at the Department of General History of Kharkiv University. The main subject of the historian’s research was the Byzantine cultural, political, legal phenomena and the socio-economic development of the Roman Empire. His scientific heritage consists of more than twenty articles published in leading Western European and Russian Byzantine journals. Y. O. Chernousov was one of the first in the Russian Empire who teached the course of the History of Byzantium at Kharkiv University, and was also the main candidate for the replacement of the Byzantine studies department, the opening of which was planned in accordance with the unrealized plan of University charter of 1906. The scientific heritage of Y. O. Chernousov demonstrates his high professional level as a byzantinist. His research method evolved on Byzantine material from a simple description of historical events by retelling evidence from sources that took place in his monograph on the history of Ancient Rome, to a deep theoretical understanding of the complex issues of the economic, political, cultural, legal development of Byzantium. In addition to Roman history and the Byzantine parties of the circus, the subject of his study was the history of the Byzantine capital and provincial culture and education, historical thought and literary tradition, the influence of Byzantine law on Old Rus. Unfortunately, due to the revolutionary events of 1917, the scientist was forced to leave Kharkov, continuing his teaching work in Poltava and in Rostov-on-Don. In 1930 he was arrested, in 1931–1934 he was in exile in the city of Kalach, Lower Volga region. His further fate and exact date of death is unknown.

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